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高三英语阅读理解猜词技巧课件第1页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四设问特点:1、从原文中找单词,短语或句子设问。2、所问词或句与该词该句常见意思不同,无法望文生义,只有在具体的上下文中才可判断准确。3、所考单词有的是生词,有的是旧词新意。4、正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理,全文也合理。5、错误选项或是字面意思,或是故意胡说。。第2页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四猜测词义题目类型1.对考纲外生词的猜测Theunderlinedword"cultivated"(paragraph1)roughlymeans______.
2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测Theunderlinedword“hit”(paragraph1)roughlymeans4.对句义的猜测WhenIgotbackoutintothestreet,theworldseemedbrand-newtome.Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend3.对代词的猜测
Theunderlinedpart“it”(inPara.4)refersto______.
第3页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四词义理解题常见的题型有:1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_____.2.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedsentence“…”means______.第4页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四Howdoyoudealwiththeunfamiliarwordsorphraseswhilereading?IgnorethemandcontinuereadingLookthemupinthedictionaryGuessthemeaning第5页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四1.Hewould______thegoldfromhisgrandma.2..Unlikehisbrother,Hobartisquite______.Howtoguessthemissingwords?Harveyisathief:hewould______thegoldfromhisgrandmaandnotfeelguilty.stealUnlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsome
person,Hobartisquite____________.ordinary-lookingplain/homely第6页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四Skillsforguessingunknownwords:1.Thelionhasits
“territory”,whichisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims(声称)asitsown.“territory”means___________
anarea(thatown)动物地盘2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.Theunderlinedwordmeans____.A.strongB.determinedC.kindD.clever定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释第7页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四技巧归纳1:
Use__________________________利用__________________________definitionorexplanation定义或解释猜测词义mean,referto,becalled,beknownas,canbedefinedas,inotherwords,thatis,thatistosay,namely,becalled,beidentifiedas,toputitdifferently
括号,引号,破折号,定语从句…..etc.第8页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots(嫩芽),oryoungleavesoftrees.Theword“pruning”means______A.RegularcuttingoftheplantsB.FrequentwateringC.RegularuseofchemicalsD.Growingtheplantshighinthemountain技巧归纳2:Using________________________________根据________________________________commonsenseorexperience普通常识和经验第9页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四技巧归纳3:利用____________________from___________________2.Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.
A少儿期B幼儿期C青春期D成人期同义/同位语similarity/appositive1.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today.“ocelot”means_________________anendangeredwildcat第10页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四Thelargestplayer–ShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices,suchasdeluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists.…Theunderlinedwordsusedinthetextreferto____.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers技巧归纳4:利用_____________举例fromexamplesSignalwords:forexample,forinstance,suchas,like,as,etc.第11页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四技巧归纳5:利用________________From_________________1.Thesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdrifted(飘)withthewindlikefeathers.2.Unlikeher
gregarioussister,Janeisashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesormakenewfriends.雪花,雪片爱交际的比较或对比comparisonorcontrastSignalwords:
as,like,thesameas,unlike,but,however,onthecontrary,while,instead…ect.第12页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四技巧归纳6:利用__________________From__________________________(1)Overworkmaycausediseases.over(过分的、过量的)+work=overwork“工作过度”。(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanager'seyes.dis“不”+satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied“不满意的”。构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)Wordformation第13页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四合成Compounding
转化Conversion派生Derivation构词法Wordformationprefixsuffix第14页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四表否定un-,non-,in-,dis-表相反un-,de-,dis-,counter-错误失当mis-,mal-,pseudo-表向背pro-,anti-表程度arch-,super-,ultra-,
over-,under-,mini-,semi-,表时间pre,fore-,post-表方位sub-,inter-,trans-
prefixdecontroltransplantcounterattack解除控制
移植
反击
第15页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四suffix-able(能…的)-less(无,不)wards(向)-ship(身份;资格;权力;性质)-some(易于…的)hood(状态;性质;时期)-ish(如…的;有点儿…的)-proof(防…的;不能穿透的)-scape(景)-most(最…的)waterproofstreetscapeinnermostspeechless第16页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四Heissaidtobe“undersized’’with“shortlegs’’anda“roundstomach”.(08广东卷)TalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.(08广东卷)Theycaughttheemotionallandscapefromheartbreaktojoy,butsharetheundeniablelongingforrecoveryandhope.(2010深一模)派生Derivation小尺寸的;较矮小的;超自然的风景不可否认的第17页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend,…hisverystrange,dustyfelthat,hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-where
(06广东卷)合成Compounding
谁都不知是什么地方
第18页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.(08广东卷)Sherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks.(09广东卷)转化Conversionv.—n.发言,发表意见n.—v.倚靠第19页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四1.Isheintelligentorstupid?2.MostwomeninGhanatheeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans____.A.RepeatedB.reiterated.CuneducatedD.sickclever技巧归纳7:利用___________________________From__________________________同义词或反义词的关系猜词。SynonymorAntonym.第20页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四1.Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior(上司),itwouldbepresumptuous
ofmetotellyouwhattodo.”Theword“presumptuous”isclosestinmeaningto“
”.A.fullofrespect
B.rudeandtooconfident
C.lackinginexperience
D.tooshyandquiet
B技巧归纳8:利用______________________From_______________________原因与结果关系猜词fromCauseandResultSignalwords:
because,so,sothathence,thereforeAsaresult,assince,for,thus第21页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四
Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest技巧归纳9:Use_____________________________利用_____________________________workedasanengineer.contextorrelatedinformation上下文的语境第22页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四利用上下文熟词新义生活常识找信息词指代关系第23页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四1.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?2.Themayormadeanaddresstothecitizensatthemeetingyesterday.imaginespeech第24页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四(福建卷)RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear,equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.64.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______. A.cleaningupB.takingin C.wipingoutD.givingout第25页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四WhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormal(反常的)mentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymean_____. A.leavefor B.returnto C.giveup D.relyon第26页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四(全国卷I)Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething,don’tinsisthetellyouwhat’sonhismind.Themoreyouinsist,themorelikelythathe’llclamup.
69.Whatdoesthephrase“clamup”inParagraph2probablymean? A.becomeexcited B.showrespect C.refusetotalk D.seekhelp第27页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四Asawoman,Ifeelunsafehere.IspendabombontaxisbecauseIwillnottakepublictransportafter10p.m.Iusedtouseit,butnowI’mafraid.(14广东卷)58.Theunderlinedpart“it”refersto______. A.ataxi B.themoney C.abomb D.publictransportthis,that,it,them,one等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面,理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键.第28页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四猜词技巧Tipsforguessingthemeaningofwords1.利用定义或解释2.利用普通常识和经验3.利用同义/同位语4.利用举例
5.利用比较或对比6.利用构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)7.利用同义词或反义词8.利用原因与结果关系猜词9.利用上下文的语境第29页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四1.Agoodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway.Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay:theyaskandanswerquestions,theyobeyorders,andiftheydon’tunderstandsomething,theysayso.Theword“audience”intheparagraphmeans____.A.studentsB.peoplewhowatchaplayC.peoplewhoactonthestageD.peoplewholistentosomething常识teacherstudents第30页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四﹡﹡
2.Whensomekindofpainkiller(止痛药)wasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective(无效的).Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours_______AttractedthecustomersstronglyHadweakeffectsonthecustomersTrickedthecustomersintoshoppingCausedthecustomerstoloseinterest
D因果关系because第31页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四﹡
3.Collinsdecidedthatshemustgo,althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany,forexample,theunbearableheat,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes.“hazard”means___________________A.pleasure,B.problem,C.danger,D.attractionC举例forexample第32页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四﹡﹡﹡
4.
Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.AmongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsocietyTheunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”means______ThosewhotrytheirbesttowinThosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighlyThosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststronglyThosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccessC上下文语境contextorrelatedinformation第33页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四
﹡﹡﹡
5.Withoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem-aformoffavoritism
willreplaceequality.
Theword“favoritism"isusedtodescribethephenomenonthat________.
A.brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatestogetsatisfyingjobs
B.childrenfromwell-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobs
C.poorchildrenwithcertificatesarefavoredinjobmarkets
D.childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess
破折号(定义或同位语)第34页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四﹡6.Grown-upsalsohaveasenseofobjectpermanence.Thatistosay,ifweputaboxinaroomandlockthedoor,theboxwillstillbetherewhenwecomeback.“Objectpermanence”meansthatwhenoutofsight,anobject______StillexistsB.keepsitsshapeC.StillstayssolidD.isbeyondreachA1.定义definitionthatistosay也就是说2.构词法permanent—permanence第35页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四﹡﹡7.Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;instead,itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hassle“probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthought
C.asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble
D.ademandmadebyguests
比较comparison(instead—相反,反而)第36页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四8.WilliamShakespearesaid.“Thewebofourlifeisofamingled
yarn(纱线),goodandilltogether.”Theunderlinedword“mingled”mostprobablymeans
.A.simple
B.mixed
C.sad
D.happyBdefinitionorexplanation定义或解释猜测词义第37页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四﹡9.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexotic
withfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag,agodcameintotheroom.ItstoppedwhenitsawBuster,thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim,lickinghisoutstretchedhand.“Goodboy,”Busterwhispered.“Whatagreatguarddogyouaretryingtolickmetodeath.”
Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”?AMessyanduntidy.B.Richandexpensive.C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Unusualandforeign.对比contrastnormal—butunusual第38页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四
﹡﹡﹡
10.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshade,theyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingby,andevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions____.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.Liketotakeadvantageof(利用)otheranimalsD.Liketotakeeverychancetoeat构词法及下文解释opportunityist第39页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四Practiceinthepassage第40页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四11.Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.Getworse12.Theanimalwiththelongevityisthegiantlandtortoisewhichcanliveseveralhundredsyears.长寿13.Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.文中“vertebrates”的意思是____________脊椎动物第41页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四14.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.concentrate/focusherattentionon15.Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.Alongperiodofshortageofrainfall第42页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四16.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?
co(共同的)educational男女同校教育的17.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.
country第43页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四Ex2:…“TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasn’tagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”74.“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastparagraph)means_____.A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasshowyD.Davewasshy第44页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四Ex3:Andifyou'vegatheredyourfriendsaroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere(气氛),youmayfearthatsayingnowillbringbackthekindofconflictyougrewupwithordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjoyTheunderlinedword"conflict"means_____.dependentlifefiercefightC.badmannersD.painfulfeeling第45页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四Ex.4:Provideincentive.Tellyourchildrentheimportanceofsaving.“Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosaveandinvestratherthanspend,youagreetoaddanotherdollartothepot,”saysCathyPareto,expertinmoneyplanning.Theunderlinedword“incentive”inthisparagraphmeans______.AHonorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement第46页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四PracticeMarkTwainwasnottheauthor’srealname;itwasapseudonym.2.Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.apenname.Alongperiodofshortageofrainfall第47页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四Thehousestoodattheendofaquietneatstreet.Thelittledwelling,however,lookedneglectedandcheerless.第48页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四福建卷)Forananswer,IcheckedwithTimFlannery,authorofTheWeatherMakers:HowManIsChangingtheClimateandWhatItMeansforLifeonEarth.Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemelting(融化)oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica.“Tostaybelowthatpoint,weneedtoreduceCO2emissionsby80percent,”hesaid.73.Theunderlinedwords“tippingpoints”mostprobablyreferto A.freezingpoints B.burningpoints C.meltingpoints D.boilingpointssuchas第49页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四(广东卷)“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Differentfrompopularbelief,mostgoodleadersaremade,notborn.Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives.Butwhichdotheydevelop?Howdothey(andhowcanyou)getotherstofollow?Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans____. A.encouraged B.compared C.examined D.developed第50页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四
(广东卷)EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly,theyoungestone,admiringherdress,herhairandhersmile.Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage.Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig“todo”overtheyoungeronebecauseshe’stheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt.Theunderlinedexpression“makeabig“todo”overmeans____. A.showmuchconcernabout B.haveaspecialeffecton C.listjobstobedonefor D.dogoodthingsforbecause第51页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四(年四川卷)Pleasestayonpermittedpaths.Otherwiseyoumaydestroydesertplants.Packoutwhatyoupackin,soyouleavenosignsofyourvisit.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatyouareinanationalparkwherewildlifeexists.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“packoutwhatyoupackin”probablymean?______ A.keepeverythingoutofcampgrounds B.takeawayeverythingyoubringin C.carryallthenecessaryfood D.lookafteryourpersonalbelongings第52页,共56页,2023年,2月20日,星期四(2009江西卷)Newarchaeologicaldi
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