MFC写的贪吃蛇代码

手把手教“MFC版贪吃蛇教程”写在前面的话本次贪吃蛇教程主要知识点包括以下几个方面CView类中的消息响应控件的消息响应3基于CView类内的具体游戏实现数组5游戏图形的实现用CDC类实现。本版游戏的具体实现是在CViewl类中实现，所以其他类不用添加任何代码。

由于此次贪吃蛇需要MFC的开发环境，所以打开VisualC++新建一个MFCAppWizard单文档工程，随意取名一个工程名称。其它文档SNAKE创建新的工作空间圜邀加葡当前£住■空恂iMFCAppWi例d"Win32COMAppWizard^ClusterResoufceTypeWizardJ^Custom其它文档SNAKE创建新的工作空间圜邀加葡当前£住■空恂iMFCAppWi例d"Win32COMAppWizard^ClusterResoufceTypeWizardJ^Custom即pW色盘rd理Uag/agEProjec*^■DevStudioAdd~iriWizardExtend-edSloredProcWizardijISAPIExtensionWizard旧可呢.嘉MFCActiveXCantrclWirard^MFCAppWizmd|d|QJ\NtwDataiiastWizard-仃UtilityPr&ject国Win32Application"1Win32Console^ppIicatiaR3Win32Dynam)c-LinkLibrary国StaticHorary位置圜:平创田D:\MFC\SNAKEF2刁dy您要创建的应用程序类型是:F2刁dy行单交档倒「多重文档（MJ「基本对话框回。文档/•查看体系结构支持凹您的资源使用的语言是;[APPWZCHS.DLL)£上一步 下一步〉 完成 取消本次贪吃蛇基本流程与大体思想1定义蛇类和食物类，初始化贪吃蛇各项成员变量，包括图像的出现在屏幕的初始位置，长度，以及蛇的行走方向。食物类的定义包括出现的初始位置，以及食物是否被吃掉的判断。2用数组初始化长度为3的贪吃蛇，并且默认食物未出现3在CView类上运用MFC提供的Windows消息中WM_TIMER消息，运用OnTimer()函数让系统提供一个时钟节拍，更新游戏4具体游戏实现，包括蛇撞到自己和围墙都将使游戏结束，判断吃豆等，其中还包括根据蛇的长度来进行游戏难度的改变。5具体键盘游戏操作运用到Windows消息响应中的WM_KEYDOWN,用OnKeyDown()来响应玩家的实际操作。.1 - i .u-^-^-^一一.――，■- HBY1lintlOYffvciildanaierff"Tor VMiaLKviCT-^1SNAKEclasses飞CAboutDIg"二CMalnFrame»CSNAKEAppB：：CSNAKEDoc.MCSNAKEVicw」Globals■「津Windows悄息厚件（妙WM^CANCELMODEWM^CAPIURECHAMGEDWM_CHARWM_CONTEXTMENUWMCOPYDATA△己存在的消息摩件句柄回：WM_KEYDOWN确定取捎WMRBUTTONDOWNWM_TIMERAddHandlerWM二CREATEWM-UtJilKVYAddandEditWK1DROPF3LESWMERASEBKGNDWMHELPINFOWMHSCROLLWMJCEYUPWM-KILLFOCUSWMLBUnONDBLCLK.EditExistimgWM^LBUnONDOWNWM-LBUTTONUPVAI^MOUSEMOVEWM^MOUSEWHEELWMMOVEWMPAIMTWM^RBUTTONDBLCLKWM_RBUTTONUPWM__SETCURSORWM_SETFOCUSVClassorobjecttohandle：CSMAKEView ]•AID__APP_ABOUTID_APP_EX1TIDEDITCOPYidIdpTcutFilterformessagesavailabletoChildWindowJWM_DROPFILES：Indicateswhenafileisdropped•«ir向¥ki0&处向¥ki0&处司;3S门晶皿七遍同□囿君，W〈endl 43[DQSckediWM2Debug- ▼露1幽）当文辑5Wftil）查看916八①IHV俎建51,CDd]1nakcU；c：w ▼H网classmcintic,CDd]1nakcU；c：w ▼H网classmcintic■侬 ■A—crtvUd-mDOSfinkc:resources♦jAixeleraloir_JBitmap♦-jOialog♦_|IconKtilMcnu Jli>RMAJNFRAMb♦-jStringTable♦_jToolbar♦_jVersion^21， -f'jjl4 rlZ▼国中。0 口俄省聃卜一相 二］M工剧&Lj瘟q&Wafl»•SNWOE -Wlnl2Debug ▼起妁 ！H 」xj记助州• ；-nSNAKEresources,/_jAccelerator二二|Dialog♦,Jlean--JMenu当IDR_MAJN「RAME」SiringTrblejFoolbar」Version游戏帮助的关于此次设计三 ■・■・・•••••••••••••当文忡id«ea）s#ot）«Aeism爆建®工游戏帮助的关于此次设计三 ■・■・・•••••••••••••MessageMapsMemberVariables|Automation|ActiveXEvents|ClassInfo|Project: Classname:画「Snake 3|cDQ_SnakeViewD:\MFCVDQ_Snake\DOSnakeView.h,D：V-\OOSnakeView.cppObjectIDsMessageMapsMemberVariables|Automation|ActiveXEvents|ClassInfo|Project: Classname:画「Snake 3|cDQ_SnakeViewD:\MFCVDQ_Snake\DOSnakeView.h,D：V-\OOSnakeView.cppObjectIDs：icTifile^save-ID_NEXf_PANEIDPREV_PANEIDMCONTINUEIDMEXITIDMPAUSEMessages：UPDATECOMMANDUICOMMANDAddClass...▼AddFunctionDeleteFunctionEditCodeIDMSTARTMemberfumdions：wwVwOnKeyDown ONWMKEYDOWNOnPause ON」DM_PAUSE:COMMANDOnPreparePrintingOnRButtonDownON_WM_RBUTTONDOWNiA)0OnStart ONIDMSTARTXOMMANDWB WDescription：Handleacommand(frommenu,acceLcmdbutton]取消确定取消••厚SNAKEdlasses*1-CAboutDIg*"CMainFramie".TCSNAKFApp^-CSMAKEDoc•二CSNAKEVIc^♦AssedValidQjCSKAKEViewO。XSNAKEVIewfl♦DuinpfCDunipConh♦GEDowmcmfl.OnBeglnPrfntinqfCI典OnContinucO♦OnDrawfCDCapDCJ「OnFndPrinting(CD(&OnExitO♦OnlnitialUpdateO琳OnKeyDown(UINTi；■OnPouseQI於OnPrcparcPrintingl%OnARutlonDowofUi&OnSUrtQ出OnTimcr(UINTnIDf♦PreCrfefiteWiiid^w|r・i^jGlobalsvoidCSNAKEUiev;：0nTiner<UUNrnEDEveir>{I，IODO:Addyournessageharbdlercodehereand/orcalldefaultCUiew::Onli(wer€nlDLuent);>voidCSHAKEUiewi:zOnKeyOownfULNTaU^air,U1H1nRepCnttU1NJTnbJags><〃fObO:Addyournessagehanadl?rcodehereand/orcalldefaultCUiew::OnK^yDown(n(；hartnR^pent,ru〕；gt)|：)voidCSHAkEUiev::OnRftuttonboun(UIHInFlayrCPointpoint)(JfTODO:Addyuurmssdgp codeher©jnd/urcall<J?fjultCUi?w::OnRButtonDown(nFlag**.poirnt>：>udidCSHAKEUl^w::OnlAitidlUpd^t^()(cuipw:：enln&tialUpditeO;JfTODO:Addyoursprcidli7rdcadi-hrrriind/orc<i)lthelidisrelms)uoidCSHAKFUie^::OnStdrt<)(JfTODO!AddycurcovwwandhartdlP-t1eo<dehpye)%OnCpntinucQ♦OnDraw(CDCtpDCl^♦OiiEtidPrinting(CDC访OnExitQ♦OnlnitialUpdateQ^♦OnKcyOownfUINTi能OnPauscQ$0OnPrcparcPrintingl*•OnRButtonDown(UI%OnSUrtQ^OnTimer(UINTnlOf・Pr-eWinduwp」GlobalsuoidCSNnKEVi(-w：-OnPdU^()77tOOO:AddyourcomandvoidCSNOKEViewuOnExitO〃TOD»0:AddyourcomanduoldCSNfilCEViPW12OnCcntim]p()//TODO:Addyourcorwundhandlerhan<11?rhandlercodecodecodi>hereherehere□-PSNAKEclasses用FCAboutDIg+CMainFrameffl»i*CSNAKEAppHFCSNAKEDoc-BjCSNAKEViev7©AssertValidQ%CSNAKEViewg。TSNAKEViewQ§Dump(CDumpContext&QGetDocumentQ%OnBeginPrinting(CDC*琳OnContinueQQOnDrawfCDC*pDC)海OnEndPrinting(CDC*pE询OnExitfl§oninitQeOnlnitialUpdateQ%OnKeyDown(UINTnCh?诲OnPauseJ琳OnPreparePrintingjCPri褥OnRButtonDown(UINTi%OnStartQ询OnTimerfUINTnIDEven§PreCreateV/indow(CRE.由・百Food*FSnakel!ll■[Clas：幽ResgFil或-va\不VAc--S5NAKEcl»sses+飞CAboutD扪11*CMdinTraitiE4CSNAKEApp0CSNAKEDdcE*ijcSNIAKEView物AesertValidO■CSNAKtViewQ*~CSNAKEViewg*DumpfCDumpCanteytA*GetDocum^ht^^Of>B^mPrintiFty(CDC4D*OnContinoeQiOn[)raw(CDC*pOq&OnEfidPr^tingfCDC*pl%OnExitQ•cnmhO♦Onlnii^lUpdwg为OnKEyDownfUINTnChi沁OnPauseQ尼.OnFteparePrintinglCPriC*OnllButtonDuwrifUtMTi匹OnStartOwOnTlmer|UlNTnlD.Even/PrcCiEntcWmdnw(CRE.W弋Food5nakc ：*''.工厂 >〃CSNAKEUieuIHPLEMEHTJ)?NCREftTE(i；SHAKEUiewpCUiew>IBEGINMESSAGE_MAPf(；SHAKEUiew,GUieu)/7{<AFK__MS(；_MftPCGSNAKEUiew)CN_WM_TIMERC)aN_WM_KEV9GUNC){；N_WM__R8UTTUND0UNC)ONCOMMAND(I»MSTART,GflStart)ONCOMMAND(l^t1PAUSE,UflPause^COMMftNO(XftiUsjiUI.OnExit)^N-CaMMftNO(lBrrE5NriNUEs^nContlnu?>MSGMAP//StandardprintjngGonmands(5NCOMMAH(>CID_FILE.PRINT,CUiew::OnFilePrint>GNCOMMAND(ID_rILEPRINTDIREGT,GUiew::^riFilePrint)GNGOMMftHO(ID_FILEPRINTPREUIEW,GUiew::RnFilePrintPreuiew)ENDJ1ESSAGEMftPf)//讣冰Eifiov.gpp:iniplpiwntatlorjoftnu匕，MNKEuiwItlncludf"stddfx-h-MncludP"SHftKE.h"^include,'SHfiMECoc,h-UinclutlP"EMnNEVieuj.h；'ttifdcF_DE0UGttdeflot?hemDEBUGHEWfrunOuFrKI5_FILEstaticcbar_1tilSFtLE(]=__FILL;昵ndiFstructSnakiDintz-,y;lotlen;intdirectj>Snaue[t&J;占tnctFo:odlotX；inty;intisfcod;}pDDd；=10;Snake[0].y=10;

Snake[1].x=11;Snake[1].y=10;Snake[2].x=12;Snake[2].y=10;Snake[0].direct=3;Snake[0].len=3;=1;voidCSHAKEUiew::OnInitiallJpdat«()CViuw::^nInitialUpdate();Snake[^J.x=19;.y=19;Snake[1].x=111Snake[1].y=19;Snake[2],x=12;Snake[2].y=19;SnaRe[曰],direct=3;SnaRe[日],len=3;F口口d■;三F1m=1;//TOD。二Addyourspecializedcodehereand/orcirect!=2)Snake[0].direct=1;break;caseVK_DOWN:if(Snake[0].direct!=1)Snake[0].direct=2;break;caseVK_LEFT:if(Snake[0].direct!=4)Snake[0].direct=3;break;caseVK_RIGHT:if(Snake[0].direct!=3)Snake[0].direct=4;break;}CView::OnKeyDown(nChar,nRepCnt,nFlags);

CView::OnKeyDown(nChar,nRepCnt,nFlags);uoidCSKKEUitwlitdflK^^KiaurifUiINTiiClL.±ifUENTuRtpCfll1UI»Tili5ij//TO0O1前IdSwiteh(：i.^iar-0%UN_UPdil^m^eL>1.direi1 4].direcL-l^r^^k：川昌"诰的意见•cistVK_PdMit±HMMH*]//TO0O1前IdSwiteh(：i.^iar-0%UN_UPdil^m^eL>1.direi1 4].direcL-l^r^^k：川昌"诰的意见•cistVK_PdMit±HMMH*]3i「霓11-11窗nal»[9].iirtL-2;breM;小省相让不向上的tiaeW_LE『T二互"fn点侬[+]一ui「ui：m$■女“用JlrNL-3;hrMk：//当蛇头本同看旧tts»UH_hIAHT=“[Sn^t*[0]屈士mH■♦外&■・“[B].d]『”l.-h±r*W；“可蛇现木同宜附，下石左--S”中M难技不总b时fa!;电时bK弟少才te晶量^7"£-时时-ss聚时计否的团陛与："J不同F的时候.CUipwz:Ofikt>uDuMiC"：iCii.i;.JikL>ptimpn.FLjy^);tUarw±^lbnKiry£uKijsiCilijrpnFtt^l；ii..ikF^jg1.}~OnKeyDown函数的第一个参数UINTnChar是接收用户键入的信息，然后我们用switch进行选择判断代码说明：Snake[0]代表的是蛇头，我们对蛇头的方向Snake[0].direct进行判断。caseVK_UP:if(Snake[0].direct!=2)Snake[0].direct=1;break;意思就是当Snake[0].direct的方向此时并不等于“下”的时候，才能做出“上”的操作动作，否则则忽略用户“向上”的操作按键效果Step3对OnRButtonDown()具体添加代码voidCSNAKEView::OnRButtonDown(UINTnFlags,CPointpoint){-1;i++)pDC->Rectangle(snake[i].x*20,snake[i].y*20,(snake[i].x+1)*20,(snake[i].y+1)*20);pDC->SelectObject(DrawBrush);voidCShAKEUieii;^oninit()CDE«pDf>GFtDG()；CBrushDrawEru5h=CRGftC106,1BQ,100));CBrusii*Draibiu,li-pnc->SPlect0bjfct(fr[ifnrflnti=e；i<=Snake[B].len-1;i++)r)P^->REEtanglE(Snal<p[i].«^0,?5nakF[!].Q»(^nake[j]*3t+1)*2Ct(Sfiake[i],y+1)*2i)pBl->SeIectCbject(SraiyBrusti);代码说明：利用Windows给我们提供的CDC类来进行画图，我们首先用一个指向CDC类的指针去接受与该窗口相关联的DC句柄，然后用定义画刷一个DrawBrush对象，并且用RGB(100,100,100)来给画刷初始化颜色。并且用SelectObject(&DrawBrush);函数把对象画刷选入到设备描述表中，用for循环依次把贪吃蛇的3个节点画出来。voidfarrectangle(intleft,inttop,intright,intbottom);这个函数的的功能根据函数功能:该函数画一个矩形,用当前的画笔画矩形轮廓,用当前画刷进行填充.Step5控件添加代码voidCSNAKEView::OnStart(){.");}voidCSNAKEView::OnExit(){.");exit0;}voidCSNAKEView::OnContinue()uoidCSNAKEUiew:iSriStartf)<//TODO:AddyoiUFconmandhandlercodehereSPtTimer(1,3曲。明，NULL);旺xhlgraqM⑶H”秒后开始游戏产)；uoidCSNAKEUieui:liinPauspO<//TODO:AddyoiurconmandhandlercodehereKillTinpr(l);口f乂旭"叫睦巾(”游戏暂停uoidCSNAKEUieui:iS)nEicit()<//TODO:Addyourcommandhandlercodehere口NMcsaq白口口即”游戏结束..J);exit建；}uoidCSNAKEUi9ti:*SnCointinup()<//TODO:Addi^ourconmandhandlercodehereSetTimer(1,1B,HULL);}图类的输出基本上都是在视图类的OnDraw函数中处理的，系统会准备好入参，然后调用OnDraw函数本人也没有过多的去研究过次函数，仅知道一些皮毛。不过这里有个知识点那便是OnPaint()与OnDraw()的区别，OnPaint()派生于CWnd类，响应WM_PAINT消息。OnDraw是CView类的成员函数，并且没有消息响应功能，这就是为什么视图类没有只有OnDraw()而没有OnPaint()的原因。OnDraw()维护视图客户区(例如通过试表在视图中画图)，而OnPaint()维护窗口的客户区voidCSNAKEView::OnDraw(CDC*pDC){CSNAKEDoc*pDoc=GetDocument();ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);en==2)SetTimer(1,370,NULL);if(Snake[0].len==3)SetTimer(1,270,NULL);if(Snake[0].len==6)SetTimer(1,200,NULL);if(Snake[0].len==9)SetTimer(1,100,NULL);("得分:%d!”,(Snake[0].len-3)*10)；*20<=37||Snake[0].y*20<=37||Snake[0].x*20>=462||Snake[0].y*20>=462){KillTimer(1);AfxMessageBox(soure);en>3)for(intsn=Snake[0].len-1;sn>0;sn--){if(Snake[0].x*20==Snake[sn].x*20&&Snake[0].y*20==Snake[sn].y*20){KillTimer(1);AfxMessageBox(soure);en-1].x*20,Snake[Snake[0].len-1].y*20,(Snake[Snake[0].len-1].x+1)*20,(Snake[Snake[0].len-1].y+1)*20);for(inti=Snake[0].len-1;i>0;i--){Snake[i].x=Snake[i-1].x;Snake[i].y=Snake[i-1].y;}irect==1)Snake[0].y--;if(Snake[0].direct==2)Snake[0].y++;if(Snake[0].direct==3)Snake[0].x--;if(Snake[0].direct==4)Snake[0].x++;pDC->SelectStockObject(BLACK_PEN);CBrushDrawBrush=(RGB(100,100,100));CBrush*Drawbrush=pDC->SelectObject(&DrawBrush);pDC->Rectangle(Snake[0].x*20,Snake[0].y*20,(Snake[0].x+1)*20,(Snake[0].y+1)*20);pDC->SelectObject(DrawBrush);*20==*20&&Snake[0].y*20==*20){Snake[0].len++;=1;Snake[Snake[0].len-1].x=Snake[Snake[0].len-2].x;Snake[Snake[0].len-1].y=Snake[Snake[0].len-2].y;}en-1;isfo>=0;isfo--)if(Snake[0].x*20==Snake[isfo].x*20&&Snake[0].y*20==Snake[isfo].y*20){=rand()%;=rand()%;}}while*20<70||*20<70||*20>430||*20>430);pDC->Rectangle*20,*20,+1)*20,+1)*20);=0;CView::OnTimer(nIDEvent);}voidCSHfiKEUiPW：:OnTimer(UIHr//topuiAOdynurnu?GGm髀handlercodehere^ri/orc^lld？FaultCD£*uDC=GetDC(>;CStrinpgwi卜q：if^nake[P],Lpn==2)SetTiin0K<1,370TNUli.)；/崂口速*/if^Snake[B].len==3)SetTi(iit>rtt,270,NULL);if^Snake[0],i.pn==6)SetTineK(1,203,NULL);if4Snahe[B].lefi=*9)SetTi.nier(.1,1ft0,NULL);soute.FnEatr称得到了:^dr'\(Snake[ft).iei：-3)*10);〃建界判断lf(Snake[0].x«2fi<=37||SftaKeL(l].y*20<^37|(Snake[BJ.s*2fi>=Hfi2||Snake[0]-y*20>=F462)Kiailiner(l);fifKMessageBoxCsnurF。蛇身相捶判断if^Snake[G],leri>3)For(intjii-Siiake[0].1en~i门C*小…)if(Snake[0].*2&^^£ftake[u].UEt&^nake[U]0==Snake[sn]'RlllTliwP(l).;OfxMessageBffxfsaurc");|iE)L»SelettStoekabjPdt(WHnL_PEM>;pD£->Rectangle(Snake[£nakp[9].1en-1]_K*28FSnake[Snalje(0]_l(?n-1]-^*28,(£nah&[Sriake[0j.ien-t] )*20,(^nakt[Snake .u+1)*^8)：pDC->SelectStockObject(WHHEMPEN);pi)C->Rectaftgle(Snake[SnakeJenT].y*26f(Snake[Snake[0].len-1].x*1)»28,(Snake[Sriake[0].len-1J.y*1)<26);forinti=Snake[0j.l?n-1;i>O;i―)(Snake[].x=5nake[-1].x;Snakefi].p«Snake[i-1]9y;>〃行走方向判断if(Snake[0].direct»«1)Snake[8].y・一；if(Snake[O].direct==2)SnakeJ0].y**;if(Snake[O].direct»»3)Snake[fi].x-;if(Snake[9].direct==4)Snake[0]pDC->SelectStockObject(BLfiCK_PEN);CBrush»rawRKUSh«(RGB(100,-160.109));CBrush*»rawbrush=pDC->Select0bject(6Drau8rush);pDC->Rpctangle(Snakp[0]eX*20^Snake[0].y^B.CSrtakPtO].x*1)*20,(Snakef0].^*1)*20);pDC->Select0bject(DraMBruslO;〃判断吃豆的条件，撞到就吃iF(Snake[9].x»2O==Faad.x*20RRSnake[0].y*20=«Food.y*2B)<Snake[0].len**;Footf.isfood=1：Snake[Snake[O].Len-1].x-Snake[Snake[8].Len-2].x;Snake1$nake[G]J,pn-1].y=SnakM$nake[。].1en-2j.y；。如果食物被吃了就生成iF(Food.isfood»«1)<5rand((unsigned)tine(HULL));doLI1 ,',inn/c、iwt|AJIclassmeiDbers]*Timer “豆干◎C5HHS5voidCSWXKE¥iei：：DtnIimer(UlUInlDEvsiK)7「藻音扬熊亍就更成if(Tuod.srandj(unsigned}tin<<NULL));dofur(intiifo1Snake!目孑.Ipti-1；isf^>jz0；ibfO'--)1F<Snake[fr]uf20--Snake{isf(.]□*20ggSnal<e[fl]・『甘20==Snake[isfc]»ij*20)Foad.x寸andt性之5;Fund7工〜冲式菖25：unile(Fonri.KK?ft<7&||Faortu*20<7iat|Fffod.x*20>ii3fijjFond^*2fi>*i3ft);|jliC->Rect<inqlEf(Fc-od.x»SOpiFDod.u*2U,(Fojjd.x*1)*20,(Food,i^*1)*20);rcud_LsfuinJ--0;uuiew:：ontiRer(niriLue(ii):en==2)SetTimer(1,370,NULL);if(Snake[0].len==3)SetTimer(1,270,NULL);if(Snake[0].len==6)SetTimer(1,200,NULL);if(Snake[0].len==9)SetTimer(1,100,NULL);此段代码的作用是根据蛇的长度来进行SetTimer()函数的定义，可以根据长度来进行游戏难度的设定，如上代码分别370ms270ms200ms100ms进行一次新的移动。*20<=37||Snake[0].y*20<=37||Snake[0].x*20>=462||Snake[0].y*20>=462){KillTimer(1);AfxMessageBox(soure);}这里为什么要乘以20呢由于我们初始化的时候是Snake[0].x=10;Snake[0].y=10;Snake[1].x=11;Snake[1].y=10;Snake[2].x=12;Snake[2].y=10;所以只是把贪吃蛇的起始位置“搬移”到20倍的位置当然可以等价于Snake[0].x=10*20;Snake[0].y=10*20;Snake[1].x=11*20;Snake[1].y=10*20;Snake[2].x=12*20;Snake[2].y=10*20;蛇的一节身体为一个矩形块，这样表示每个矩形块只需起点坐标X和y身体是不断增长的，所以用数组存放每一节的坐标en>3)for(intsn=Snake[0].len-1;sn>0;sn--){if(Snake[0].X*20==Snake[sn].X*20&&Snake[0].y*20==Snake[sn].y*20){KillTimer(1);AfXMessageBoX(soure);进行比较(之所以进行sn次那肯定是不包括蛇头而且蛇的长度也必须大于3才会发生自己咬自己的情况)KillTimer(l);是停止计时器；和之前的SetTime()对应而已AfxMessageBox(soure);这里不深究，总之就是输出一个原样输出内容pDC->SelectStockObject(WHITE_PEN);