物料类高中英语语法

第1 一.概念Thereismuchwaterinthe例如：Tenthousandtosofcoalwereproducdlastyear.二.相关知识点精并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如Readingandwritingareveryimportant.语动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor askedtomakeaspeechattheA. B. C. D.B.A.，C。DTheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitorthe，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务andB。主谓一致中的靠近原therebeThereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.桌上有一支笔、一把小刀Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.班2）eitheror…neithernor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here,there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语Eitheryouorsheistogo.Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.谓语动词与前面的主with,togetherwith,likeexcept,but,nolessthan,aswellas成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.他和去划船谓语需用单数的情1）eachevery,some,no,anyeach,everyEachofushasatape-recorder.我们每人都有机。Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.我的表坏了。TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.《天方夜谭》是英语Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.用三个星期Tenyuanisenough.指代意义决定谓语的what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,allAllisright.Allare family,audience,crew,crowd,class,,committee谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的Hisfamilyisn'tverylarge.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.他家个个都是音乐者但集合名词people,,cattle,poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式例如Arethereanyaround?附近有吗variety,number,population,proportion,majority等有时看作单数Anumberof+名词复数+复数动词。ThenumberofAnumberofbookshavelentout.Themajorityofthestudentslike与后接名词或代词保持一致的情halfof,mostof,noneof,heapsof,lotsof,plentyof谓语动词通常与of名词/代词保持一致。例如：Mostofhismoneyisspentonbooks.Mostofthestudentsaretakinganactivepartinsports.大部分学生积极参aportionaportionof,aseriesof,apileof,apanel常用单数。例如：Aseriesofaccidentshasbeen 了一连串的Apileoflotswassetbesidethehearth.如manya或morethanonemorethan…ofMany hasreadthenovel.Morethan60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.百分之六十多的学生三.巩固练（ ）1.Thenumberofpeopleinvited absentfordifferentreasons.A. B.was,

fifty,butanumberofC. D.were,（A）2.E-mail,aswellasephones, animportantpartindailyA.is B.haveC.are D.（C）3. and

ofthelandinthatdistrict

coveredwithA.Two B.Two C.Two D.Two （B）4.Ten alongtimeforonewhowaits.A. B.C. D.are（A）5.Ericistheonlyoneoftheboys A. B.C.is D.are

adriving B）6.Joyand next-doorneighbours.A. B. C. D. B）7.Inmyopinion,someofthe unbelievable.A. B. C.has D.have（C）8. theUnitedNationsfounded?A. B. C. D.（ ）9.Everypossiblemeans .A.has B.hasbeenC.was D.were C）10.Whatshesaysand nothingtodowithme.A. B. C. D. D）11. adictionaryandseveralbooksonthedesk.A. B. C.have D. C）12. seenthefilm. It’saA.butTomandJack B.exceptTomandJackC.butmyfriends D.butI（B）13.Noteacherandno A.are B.isC.are D.is D）14.Allbut herejustA. B. C.has D.（A）15.Whenandwheretobuildthenew yet.A.isnot B.arenotC.hasnot D.havenot A）16.Thewriterand here.A. B. C. D.（C）17.AsIhaveameetingatfour,tenminutes allthatIcansparetotalkwithyou.A. B. C. D.（C）18. InthosedaysJohnwithhisclassmates fortheexam.A. B.C. D.

keptbusy B）19.—

yourhangingoverA.Isit, B.Arethese,C.Isit, D.Arethese,（D）20.TheSmith’sfamily,which fondoftheiroldhouses.

ratheralargeone, veryA.were, B.was,C.were, D.was,（B）21.Whattheteacherandthestudentswanttosay thateitherofthecountries A. B.is,C.are, D.is,（D）22.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A. B.C.have D.has（B）23. ofmybrothersarereporters.Coveringevents,meetings,orsports theirduty.A.Each, B.Both,C.Neither, D.None, C）24.——Whatdoyouthinkofthe ofthe——It’sratherhigh.YoucanbuyacheaperoneinthatA. B. C. D.（C）25.——Arethetwoanswers—— correct.A.noone B.bothareC.neither D.eitheris B）26.Thewind,togetherwithrainand

makingA.haveC.四.答2. 3.4. 5.6.7. 8.9.B10.11.C13.D15.16.AC1.D6.2章动词的时态概念时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,二.相关知识点精经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, at…,onSunday。例如：Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球绕转动Shanghailiesintheeastof.位于中国东部表示格言或警句。例如Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.证实了地球是圆的现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如Idon'twantsomuch.AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.比较：NowIputthesugarinthecup.把糖放入Iamngmynow.我正在做功课nowlastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982Wheredidyougojustnow?刚才哪儿去了表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例WhenIwasachild,Ioftenyedfootballinthestreet.我是个孩子的时候，常在马踢。WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarm那时，一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎句型：Itistimeforsb.todosth"到……时间了""该……了"。例如：Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你该睡觉了。Itistimethatsbdidsth时间已迟了""早该Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早该睡觉了。would（had）rathersb.didsth.表示'宁愿做某事'。例如：I'dratheryoucametomorrow.还是明天来吧。wish,wonder,think,hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以为你想要一些。比较：Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.（）Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.（含义：她现在还活着）Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.（含义：达比太太已不再用过去时用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气wanthope,wonder,think,intendDidyouwantanythingelseIwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.情态动词couldwould。Couldyoulendmeyourbike?一般将来shall一人will所代替willWhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?begoingto主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天有迹象要发生的事。例如：Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。beWearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他马上要去注意：beabouttodotomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连一般现在时表将come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,returnThetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutesherethere句，表示动作正在进行。例如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.车来了。Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.了。在时间或条件句中。例如WhenBillcomes（不是willcome）,askhimtowaitforme.来后，让I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.在动词hopetakecarethat,makesurethat语从句中。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.离用现在进行时表示come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,returnI'mleavingtomorrow.Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?现在完成也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have（has）+过去分词。比较一般过去时与现nowuptonow,inpastyears,always共同的时间状语：thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,already,recently,lay等。延续性的live,teach,learn,work,study,know.。一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish, getmarried等。例如：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，的内容已经知道了Whydidyougetupsoearly?（强调起床的动作已发生过了Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?（强调有卷子未交，疑为竞争）HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.（在团内的状态可延续）HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.（是团员的状态可持续）句子中过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）时，不能（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslast（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslast用于现在完成时的句Itisthefirst/second ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.这是我第一次这城市。Thisisthefirsttime（that）I'veheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。注意：Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.Thisis+形容词+that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时。例如ThisisthebestfilmthatI've（ever）seen.这是我看过的最好的过去完成----|----------|--------|---->其构成是had+过去分词构成。 told,said,knew,heard,thoughtShesaid（that）shehadneverbeentoParis.Whenthearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.到达时，小偷们hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,supposeWehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.那时我们希望你能来，before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.他他以前学过一些Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingby到了十二岁那年，开始自己谋生Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.失望了，因为他到达时，大部分客人已经走了用一般过去时代替过去完成Whenshesawthemouse，shescreamed.MyauntgavemeahatandIlostit.2）WhenIheardthenews,Iwasvery OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain将来完成willhavedone2）概念Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.到那时他们结婚将有二十年YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.明天此时，你已经到达了12行Wearewaitingforyou.Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.（说话时并未在写， e,turn,run,go,begin等。例如Theleavesareturningred.It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.always,constantly,forever态，往往带有说话人的色彩。例如：Youarealwayschangingyourmind.过去进thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,whileMybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself. Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.我到达山顶时，将来进1）She'llbecomingsoon.I'llbemeetinghimsometimeinthefuture.注意：将来进行时不用于表示"意志"，不能说I'wodays,tomorrowevening：Bythistimetomorrow,I'llbelyingonthebeach.明天此时，我正躺在海滩上呢。一般现在时代替一When,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,solongas,bythetime,if,incase（that）,unless,evenifwhether,themoment,theminutetheday,theyear,immediay等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。例如HeisgoingtovisitherauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing.他一到，就一般现在时代替一1）Thenewspapersaysthatit'sgoingtobecoldtomorrow.Napoleon'sarmynowadvancesandthegreatbattlebegins.的正在一般现在时代替现有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时，如hear,l,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say,rememberIhear（=haveheard）hewillgotoLondon.Iforget（=haveforgotten）howoldheis.Itissince…"代替"IthasbeensinceItis（hasbeen）fiveyearssincewelastmet.一般现在时代替现在进行时Herecomes…/Theregoes…等句型里，用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如：Theregoesthebell.了。现在进行时代替将Areyoustayingwithusthisweekend?和我们一起度周末好吗?Weareleavingsoon. 渐变动词，如get,run, e,begin以及瞬间动词die等。例如Heisdying.时态一Atthattime,peopledidnotknowthattheearthmoves.那时，人们不知道地Hetoldmelastweekthatheiseighteen.上星期他告诉我他十八岁了。2）ought,need,must,dare的时态是不变的。例如：HethoughtthatIneednotlyouthetruth.他认为我不必告诉你三.巩固练1、I’llgivethebooktohimassoonashe 2、Hasthebaby cryingyet?(stop)3、Idon’tknowwhetherMother metoBeijingnextmonth.(take)4、She onhercoatandwentout.(put)5、“Whataretheyng?” readyforthesportsmeeting.”6、Theboyaskedhismother himgoandybasketball.(let)7、I’msorrytokeepyou foralongtime.(wait)8、It (take)himhalfanhour (finish)his9、If aninterestingfilm,we’llseeittomorrow.10、They (do)theirafter11、Listen!Who (sing)inthenextroomnow? (be)yourparentsinShanghailastyear?13、Mr.Yu (teach)usmathssince14、TheywillhaveatriptotheGreatWallifit (notrain)tomorrow.15、LiMingoften (listen)totheradiointhemorning.16、A:“Father,mayIgooutandyfootball?”B:“ you (do)your17、Allthepeopleinthetownareglad (hear)thata aconcertthisSaturdayevening.(18、Ourteachertoldusifit (notsnow)wewouldvisittheScienceMuseumthenextday.19、They (y)footballinthe20、A:What’reyoung B:I (mend)theradio. (carry)theboxestothe22、Yesterdayshe (want)verymuchtoseethefilm,butshecouldn’ (get)aticket. (write)toyouassoonasIgetto (visit)severalcessincehecameto (write)fourletterstohiswifeevery26、Don’tmakeanynoise, 27、Hisaunt (do)somecookingwhenhecamein28、When (reach)thestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft. (be)ameetingnextMonday.30、We (know)eachothersinceourboyhood..31、Sometimesmyfather (come)backhomelate.32、They (have)anEnglisheveningnextweek.33、I’mveryglad (hear)that.34、WeiFangisn’there.She (go)tothereading-room.35、Thestory (happen)longago. (visit)theHistoryMuseumlast37、ZhangHong (make)manyfriendssinceshecameto (go)tothecinemawithherclassmatestomorrow39、Stayhere,bag.Don’tgoout.It (rain)40、Li (write)acompositioneveryweek.41、Thescientist (give)usatalkyesterday.42、Myparents (live)inBeijingsince1949.43、Look!Theyoungworker (show)thestudentsaroundthefactorynow.44、They (build)anewbridgeovertherivernextyear.45、The46、Thewindowsofour

(clean)theirclassroom(clean)oncea47、Ourteacher (join)thepartytwentyyears48、The (have)abasketballmatchnow.Let’s (go) (work)inthisfactoryforten50、“Whatmakesyou (think)I’mafarmer?”theFrenan四.答willaretotook…toishas

doesn’tHave…tohear…willdidn’tyamwanted,willhasis

waswillhavewilltohashaswillishaveiswillwillisarehaving,gohasworked第三 一.概念种:主动语态和语态.主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者.语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者.主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同,而语态由助动be+过去分词构成,有人称,数,时态的变化.二.相关知识点精let用当let后只有一个单音节动词，变语态时，可用不带to的不定式。例如Theyletthestrangego--->Thestrangewaslet当let后宾补较长时，let通常不用语态，而用allow或permit代替。例如Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.那护士让我去探望---->Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthe短语动词的语MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.我妹妹由照顾Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.believeconsiderdeclareexpectfeelreport,say,see,suppose,think,understand组成。例如：Itissaid Itisreportedthat…Itisbelievedthat…Itishoped ItiswellknownthatItisthoughtthat…大家认为Itissuggestedthat…据建议Itistakengranted IthasbeendecidedthatItmustberememberthat…不用语态的情happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takece等没有无语态。例如：Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen；raise,seat不能用于语态的及物动词或动词短语如fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveatin,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.这把只配这把锁Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.系动词无语态，如appear,bee,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.die/death,dream/dream，live/life词，相互代词，不能用于语态。例如：Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.当宾语是不定式时，很少用于语态。例如（对）Shelikesto（错）Toswimislikedby主动形式表示意wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sellThebooksellswell.Thisknifecutseasily.这刀子很好用。blame,let（出租）,remain,keep,rent,buildIwastoblamefortheaccident.Muchworkremains.还有许多活要干。Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.Thisbookisworthreading.特殊结构：makesb.heardunderstood（使别人能听见/理解自己）Exinitclearlyandmakeyourselfunderstood.解释清楚些，让别人理解你形式表示主动意义，如bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated（from）beprepared（for）,beoccupied（in）,getmarriedHeisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同结婚，用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.均可。例如：Hemarriedarichgirl.他与一个富妞结婚了。Hegotmarriedtoarich当need,want,require,beworth后面接ng时，表示的是意义。例如Yourhairwantscutting.你的头发该理了。Thefloorrequireswashing三.巩固练 (teach)herefortenyearssinceIfinishedWouldyoumindme (use)yourThestudentsofClass (sweep)theirclassroomThe (notlisten)totheradioatthatIt'sbettertogive Howlong (live)inthisYou (come)herelastyear, ----When (see)---- (see)himlastShesaidthatthe (use)thenextIdidn'tknowwhat (happen)toinaWhenIgottothestation,thetrain already Thestone (build)inourhometownfortenThedeskmust (clean)onceaThedog (lie)onthefloorwhenIcameIt (rain)heavilywhenIgotHer (cook)atthistimeThestudents (do)their. (notmake)any youever (be)toBeijing?----Yes.I (go)therelastweek.He'llephoneusassoonashe (arrive)Jiefang (make)inApenisused Allthatmust 23.Myfriendcan'tdecidewhichpairoftrousers (choose).Sosheaskedmetogoshopwithher.Theyfindit (learn)Theoldmanoften (l)thechildrenastoryintheevening.Thiseveninghe (l)twostories.The (use)onceinaweekinour (notuse)yesterdaybecausetherewassomethingwrongwithWouldpleaselus (make)thewatch Shedoesn'tknow (do)and 四.答 see,wouldbe havebeenwasareng,Don’t arebetoto

ls,willl第四 动词的语一.概二.相关知识点精if引导真实条件if条件Ifhehastime,hewillgowithus.=Probablyhehastimeandwillgo

Ifhehadtime,hewouldgowithus.=Butinfacthehasno虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形did+动词++have+should+动词wereto+动词+动词混合时间的虚拟语0IfIhadreceivedthepassportyesterday,IwouldstartIfhehadephonedmelastnight,IwouldseehimIfhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbeallright4)Ifhadnotbeenliberated,theworkingpeoplewouldstillbeleadingamiserablelife.shouldcouldmightoughttohavedone表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上needn’thavedone虚拟语气中的倒装were,had,could,shouldwere,had,should,couldHadyouinvitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.WereIyou,Iwoulddomorepracticeafterclass.Couldshelendusahelhand,shewoulddowish面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟示不该…；但愿wishhaddonebehadbeenwoulddo;shouldbewouldbe;IwishIknewthekeytotheIwishIweretenyearsIwishthatIhadgonetothefootballmatchlastIwishthatyouhadbeenhereHewishesthatwewouldvisittheold表示命令或建议动词suggest,insist,propose,desire,demand,request,order,command后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟should+动词；should不可用would来替代;suggest议去句用shouldThedoctorsuggestedthatIshouldtakethemedicinethreetimesaThedoctorsuggestedthatmygrandmotherhadcaughtabadinsist去做…，坚持应从shoulddo坚从句用过去时或过去完成虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中，表示间接令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语suggestion,proposal,request,order,idea等。表语从句中的谓语动词should+动词原型，should可以省略。式。其谓语动词时should+动词原型，或should省略。三.巩固练Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English muchwill B.wouldhaveC.couldhave D.wouldIfI you,I’djointheA. B. C. D.wouldIfhe tomorrow,hewouldfindMrWangintheA. B.will C.should D.Ifit nextweek,thecropswouldbeA. B.will C.would D.shouldIfI it,IwoulddoitinadifferentA.wereto B. C.had D.wastoSupposingtheweather bad,wherewouldyougoA. B.will C. D.Ifhehadworkedharder,he would B.hadC.should D.wouldhaveIfhe ,he thatwaswarned;wouldnothadbeenwarned;wouldnothavewouldbewarned;hadnotwouldhavebeenwarned;hadnotIfmylawyer herelastSaturday,he mefromhadbeen;wouldhavehadbeen;wouldwere;wouldwere;wouldhaveIfhe it,he hadseen;couldhave B.saw;couldn’tC.saw;couldn’thave D.hasseen;had—Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthe—No,ifhehad,Idon’tbelieve, brokentheliving-room’shewould B.hemustC.he D.shouldhe—Didyougoswimminglast—No.Wewouldhavegone iftheweatherwouldtheweatherhavehadtheweathershouldtheweather it foryourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadeanyHad;not B.Should;notC.Did;not D.Not; today,hewouldgettherebyWouldhave B.WasheC.Wereheto D.IfheItisorderedthatanewbridge overthewideshouldbe B.wouldC.willbe D.四.答 9.A 第5 助动一.概念二.相关知识点精助动词be用beTheyarehavingameeting.English ingmoreandmoreimportant.be+过去分词，构成语态。例如ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom..窗户是打碎的Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.beHeistogotoNewYorknextweek..Wearetoteachthefreshmen.我们要教新生。Youaretoexinthis.对此你要做出解释Heistocometotheofficethisafternoon.要他今天下午来HowamItoanswerhim?Whoistogothere?Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.我们明天早7助动词have用1）have+过去分词，构成完成时态。例如：HehasleftforLondon.他已去了伦敦。Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork. 2）havebeenIhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.我一直在，已达十年3）have+been+过去分词，构成完成式语态。例如Englishhasbeentaughtinformanyyears.中国教英语已经多年助动词do用DoyouwanttopasstheCET?你想通过大测试吗DidyoustudyGerman?学过德语吗2）donotIdonotwanttobe Hedoesn'tliketo Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofDon'tgothere.Don'tbesoabsent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。do，diddoes放在动词前，加强该动词的语气。例如Docometomybirthdayparty.一定来参的生日宴会Ididgothere.Idomissyou.NeverdidIhearofsucha 我从未听这样的事情Onlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofnever,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,----DoyoulikeBeijing?--你喜欢吗Yes,Ido.（dolikeBeijing.）Heknowshowtodriveacar,doesn'the?他知道如何开车，对吧？助动词shallwill的用shall和will作为助动词可以与动词一起构成一般将来时。例如：IshallstudyharderatEnglish. HewillgotoShanghai. 他要去。Heshallcome.（shallHewillcome.他要来（will只与动词构成一般将来时助动词should,would用should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词构成过去将来时，只用于第一人IephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天给他比较："WhatshallIdonextweek?"Iasked.可以说，shallshould。would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词构成过去将来时，用于第二、第Hesaidhewould 比较："Iwillgo,"hesaid.Hesaidhewouldcomewillwould，gocome.。Turnofftheradio（turnoff）动词+副词，如：blackout；2）动词+介词，如：lookinto；三.巩固练Ifitisfinetomorrow,we afootballa. b.will c. d.shallWhenhewasatschool,he earlyandtakeawalkbeforewill b.shall b.should wouldInthepast30years greatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialistconstruction.a.has b.have c.had d.havingI gotobeduntilI finishedmya. b. c. d. youthinkhe backbydinnera.Do/havecome b.Did/willhavecome c.Does/willcome d.Do/willhaveHesaidthathedroppedhisbagwhenhe forthea.was b.was c.were d.isNosooner hearrivedhomethanhe tostartonanothera.has/was b.have/were c.had/is d.had/was yougivemearoomforthenight?”Iaskedonarrivingatthea. b. c. d.Therearenineofthem,so getintothecaratthesamea.theymaynotatallb.alltheymaynot c.theycan’tall d.allthey“Wedidn’tseehimatthelectureyesterday.”“He mustn’t b.cannothavec.wouldhavenot d.needn’thave“Yourealizethatyouweredrivingat100mph,don’tyou?”“No,officer.I .Thiscarcan’tdomorethan80.”a.didn’tneedtobe b.maynothavebeen c.couldn’thavebeen needn’thavebeenhewasagoodrunnersohe escapefromthea. b.succeeded c. d.wasableIfthey ,ournwillfalla.areco-operating b.hadnotco-operated c.won’tco-operated.didn’tIhoped mya.hertoanswer b.thatshewouldanswerc.thatsheanswers d.herHe liveinthecountrythaninthea. b.likes c.had d.would toseeafilmwithusa.Didyou b.Wouldyou c.Willyou d.HaveyouI’msorry,butIhadnoalternative.Isimply whatIa.must b.hadto c.oughttohave d.haveto“Timeisrunning hadn’twebettergot b.hadn’twebettergetc.hadn’twebetterget d.hadn’twebetternotNoone thattohisa.daressay b.daressaying c.daresay d.daretosay20.Thestudentsintheclassroom nottomakesomuchnoise.a. b. c. d.You lastweekifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyoura.oughttocome b.oughttobecoming c.oughthavecome d.oughttohavecomeTheelephantsought hoursagobythea.tobe b.to c.tobeing d.tohavebeen“Iwonderwhythey’relate.”“They thea.canhave b.could c.mayhave d.might“Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.”“He havebeenanoutstandingstudent.” b. c. d.You theexaminationagainsinceyouhadalreadypasseda.needn’thavetakenb.didn’tneedtotake c.needn’ttake d.mustn’ttakeHeis petent!Theletter shouldbefinishedtyb.mustbefinishedc.musthavefinishedtyc.shouldhavebeenfinishedTheboytoldhisfatherthathewouldrather an b. d.Whenwereachedthestation,thetrainhadstillnotarrived;sowe needednotto b.needn’thavec.neednottohave d.didn’tneedtoSinceyourroommateisvisitingherfamilythisweekend, youliketohavedinnerwithustonight?a. b. c. d.Hewasafraidwhathehaddone adisastrouseffectonhisa.might b.could c.have d.shall四.答1-10 21-30第六 情态动一.概念二.相关知识点精Icanclimbthispole.Heisonlyfour,buthecanread.4Firecan’tdestroygold.canwillbeableYouwillbeabletoskateafteryouhavepracticedittwoorthreeCanthenewsbetrue?这消息可能是真的吗？Itcan’tbetrue.它不可能是真的。Whatcanhepossiblymean?can（一时的可能AhorseinthecenterofLondoncancostalotofmoney.Attendingtheballcanbeveryexciting.Theroadcanbeblocked.mayTheroadmaybeblocked.Can(May)IcomeinCanIsmokeherecould用表过去的可能和（多用于间接引语中AtthattimewethoughtthestorycouldnotbeFathersaidIcouldswimintheIcouldswimwhenIwasonlyHecouldbeverynaughtywhenhewasaCouldIuseyourbike?Yes,youI’mafraidIcouldn’tgiveyouananswerTheteachersaidyoucouldgotothestorefor3)Could/can+havedonecouldCantheyhavewonthebasketballmatch？WhatyoureferredtojustnowcanhavemadeherveryYoucouldhavecompletedthetaskalittleIcouldhavepassedmyexaminationeasilybutImadetoomanystupid如表具体做某一件事的能力时，则须用beableto.HewasabletotranslatethearticlewithoutaCan，beabletoIcan’tswim.ButIamsureIwillbeabletoswimthroughmorepracticing.Thefirespreadthroughtheho,buteveryonewasabletogetoutWhentheboatsankhewasabletoswimtothemay用Youmaydrivethetractor.当回答由may引起的问题时，否定答语要用mustnot,表示“不“不应该“不MayIcomeYes,youNo,youNo,youmaynot.No,youmustn’tNo,you’dbettermay/mightHemaybeHemaynotcometoday(可能不)Hemay/mightcometomorrow.12mightmayHemightgetaHemaygeta3maynocannotHemaynotcomeHecan’tcome表建议（aswell连用Youmay（might）aswellstaywhereyou（mayaswellMayyoubehappy!Shesaidthathemighttakeherdictionary.她说他可以拿词典去用。除在间接引语中外，might一般不表示过去的“可能”与“。表过去的“可能”可could，表过去的“”可用were(was)allowedtoElectricironscouldbedangerous;theymightgiveyouasevere电熨斗会有，它可能电着人may(might)have+doneItmayhavebeentrue.Hemightnothavesettledthequestion.must主Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.须按部就班地做一切事情Whymustyoualwaysbotherme?mustbe（只用在肯定句中Hemustbeanhonestboy.Thismustbeyourroommust的否定式有两个：当回答由must引起的问题时，否定答复要用needn’tdon’t“”时，就用mustnot。MustIgotomorrow?明天我必须去吗？Yes,please.是的，请吧！Noyouneedn’t.can。ShemusthavestudiedEnglishbeforehavetomusthaveto比较强调客观需要，must明主Imustcleantheroom.（想法Ihavetocleantheroom.（客观需要）另外，haveto能用于时态：WehadtobethereattenWewillhavetoreconsiderthewholething.这一切不得不重新加以考虑haveto的否定式：don’thavetodooughtto用Oughtto后接动词，表义务，但不及must那样具有信心，如Youdon’tlookwell.YououghttogotoseetheOughttooughtn’tYououghtn’ttosmokesomuch.Oughtyoutosmokesomuch?你应该抽这样多烟吗？Oughtto在间接引语中表过去时形式不变，如：Hesaidyououghttolthe他说你应该去报告shall用WhatshallIwearonthejourney?我穿什么好呢Shallwedance?shall用于第二、三人称时表允诺，警告，命令，（现已少见，如Sheshallgethershare.她可以得到一份Youshallhaveitbacktomorrow.Whatshouldwedonow?我们现在该怎么办？mustWeshould(must)masteraforeignlanguageatTheyshouldbebackbynow.Iamsorrythatsheshouldbesocareless.我感到遗憾她竟会那样粗心。Ishouldhavethoughtofthat.（但没想到Theyshouldnothaveleftsosoon.（但已走了5)Itisnatural(strange,natural,necessary,surprised,impossible,important)that……”句型中，主语从句中的谓语动词要用should+动词”表示“理所当然奇怪惊异”等的意思。在lest（以免、forfear(that)(以防)、incase（以备万一）等之后也要用should+动词;在advise,sugest,order,demand,requestshould+do”例如：Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatItisstrangethatheshouldsayso.Letusgoatoncelestweshouldbelateforthe.willwould的用Surelywewillsupportallthepeopleintheworldintheirstrugglefor要支持全世界人民争取和平Hewouldnotletmetryit Hewillsittherehourafterhourlookingatthetrafficgo他会经常一连几个小时坐在那儿来往的车辆Hewouldcometoseemewhenhewasin他在时，常来看望我用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，表示对对方的请求，would的语气比will委碗Would/willyoukindlylmethewaytothestation?请问到火车站怎么走？ThiswillbethebookyouarelookingSheeouldbeabout60whensheneeddare用情态动词 实义动词 Youneed(not) You(don’t)needto在 Heneed(not) Heneeds(doesn’tneed)to Youneeded(didn’tneed)to去 Heneeded(didn’tneed)to Youneed(not) Youwill(not)needto来 Heneed(not) Hewill(not)needto句