高级英语第二册修辞

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高级英语第二册修辞

Lesson1

1Wecanbattendownandrideitout.--metaphor

2Everybodyoutthebackdoortothecars!--ellipticalsentence

3Telephonepolesand20-inch-thickpinescrackedlikegunsasthewindssnappedthem.-simile

4SeveralvacationersattheluxuriousRichelieuApartmentsthereheldahurricanepartytowatchthestormfromtheirspectacularvantagepoint--transferredepithet

5Stripsofclothingfestoonedthestandingtrees,andblowndownpowerlinescoiledlikeblackspaghettiovertheroads-metaphor,simile

Lesson2

1Thelittlecrowdofmourners–allmenandboys,nowomen—threadedtheirwayacrossthemarketplacebetweenthepilesofpomegranatesandthetaxisandthecamels,wailingashortchantoverandoveragain.—ellipticalsentence

2Acarpentersitscross-leggedataprehistoriclathe,turningchair-legsatlightningspeed.—historicalpresent,transferredepithet

3Still,awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous.—synecdoche

4AsthestorksflewnorthwardtheNegroesweremarchingsouthward—along,dustycolumn,infantry,screw-gunbatteries,adnthenmoreinfantry,fourorfivethousandmeninall,windinguptheroadwithaclumpingofbootsandaclatterofironwheels.—onomatopoeticwordssymbolism

5Nothostile,notcontemptuous,notsullen,noteveninquisitive.—ellipticalsentence

6Andreallyitwaslikewatchingaflockofcattletoseethelongcolumn,amileortwomilesofarmedmen,flowingpeacefullyuptheroad,whilethegreatwhitebirdsdriftedoverthemintheoppositedirection,glitteringlikescrapsofpaper.—simile

Lesson3

Thefactthattheirmarriagesmaybeontherocks,orthattheirloveaffairshavebeenbrokenoreventhattheygotoutofbedonthewrongsideissimplynotaconcern.—metaphor

TheyarelikethemusketeersofDumaswho,althoughtheylivedsidebysidewitheachother,didnotdelveinto,eachother’slivesortherecessesoftheirthoughtsandfeelings.—simile

Itwasonsuchanoccasionteotherevening,astheconversationmoveddesultorilyhereandthere,fromthemostcommonplacetothoughtsofJupiter,withoutandfocusandwithnoneedforonethatsuddenlythealchemyofconversationtookplace,andallatoncetherwasafocus.—metaphor

TheElizabethansblewonitasonadandelionclock,anditsseedsmultiplied,andfloatedtotheendsoftheearth.—simile

Evenwiththemosteducatedandthemostliterate,theKing’sEnglishslipsandslidesinconversation.—metaphor,alliteration

WhenE.M.Forsterwritesof“thesinistercorridorofourage,”wesitupatthevividnessofthephrase,theforceandeventerrorintheimage.—metaphor

Lesson4

Letthewordgoforthfromthistimeandplace,tofriendandfoealike,thatthetorchhasbeenpassedtoanewgenerationofAmericans,borninthiscentury,temperedbywar,disciplinedbyahardandbitterpeace,proudofourancientheritage,andunwillingtowitnessorpermittheslowundoingofthesehumanrightstowhichthisnationhasalwaysbeencommitted,andtowhichwearecommittedtodayathomeandaroundtheworld.—alliteration

Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellorill,thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supporanyfriend,opposeanyfoetoassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty.—parataxisconsonance

United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofco-operativeventures.Divided,thereislittlewecando,forwedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder.—antithsis

…inthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.—metaphor

Letusnevernegotiateoutoffear,butletusneverfeartonegotiate.—regression

Allthiswillnotbefinishedinthefirstonehundreddays.—historicalallusion,climax

Andso,myfellowAmericansasknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.—contrast,winding

Lesson5

CharlesLamb,asmerryandenterprisingafellowasyouwillmeetinamonthofSundays,unfetteredtheinformalessaywithhismemorableOldChinaandDream’sChildren.—metaphor

Read,then,thefollowingessaywhichundertakestodemonstratethatlogic,farfrombeingadry,pedanticdiscipline,isaliving,breathingthing,fullofbeauty,passion,andtrauma.—metaphor,hyperbole

Backandforthhisheadswiveled,desirewaxing,resolutionwaning.—antithesis

What’sPollytome,ormetoPolly?—parody

Thisloomedasaprojectofnosmalldimensions,andatfirstIwastemptedtogiveherbacktoPetey.==understatement

Maybesomewhereintheextinctcraterofhermind,afewembersstillsmoldered.MaybesomehowIcouldfanthemintoflame.—metaphor,extendedmetaphor

Lesson6

Asinarchitecture,soinautomaking.—ellipticalsentence

Lesson7

HerewastheveryheartofindustrialAmerica,thecenterofitsmostlucrativeandcharacteristicactivity,theboastandprideoftherichestandgrandestnationeverseenonearth—andherewasascenesodreadfullyhideous,sointolerablybleakandforlornthatitreducedthewholeaspirationofmantoamacabreanddepressingjoke.—metaphor,hyperbole,antitheticalcontrast

Herewaswealthbeyondcomputation,almostbeyondimagination—andherewerehumanhabitationssoabominablethattheywouldhavedisgracedaraceofalleycats.—hyperbole,antitheticalcontrast

Thecountryitselfisnotuncomely,despitethegrimeoftheendlessmills.—litotes,understatement

Obviously,iftherwerearchitectsofanyprofessionalsenseordignityintheregion,theywouldhaveperfectedachalettohugthehillsides—achaletwithahighpitchedroof,tothrowofftheheavywintersnows,butstillessentiallyalowandclingingbuilding,widerthanitwastall.—sarcasm

Andoneandalltheyarestreakedingrime,withdeadandeczematouspatchesofpaintpeepingthroughthestreaks.—metaphor

Whenithastakenonthepatinaofthemillsitisthecolorofanegglongpastallhopeorcaring.—ridicule,irony,metaphor

Iawardthischampionshiponlyafterlaboriousresearchandincessantprayer.—irony

SafeinaPullman,Ihavewhirledthroughthegloomy,God-forsakenvillagesofIowaandLansas,andthemalarioustidewaterhamletsofGeorgia.—antonomasia

Itisasifsometitanicandaberrantgenius,uncompromisinglyinimicaltoman,haddevotedalltheingenuityofHelltothemakingofthem.—hyperbole,irony

Theylikeitasitis:besideit,theParthenonwouldnodoubtoffendthem.—irony

ItisthatofaPresbyteriangrinning.—metaphor

Lesson8

Onespeaksof”humanrelations”andonemeansthemostinhumanrelations,thosebetweenalienatedautomatons;onespeaksofhappinessandmeanstheperfectroutinizationwhichhasdrivenoutthelastdoubtandallspontaneity.—parallism

Lesson9

Inthestreetsbetweenhouseswithredroofsandpaintedwalls,betweenoldmossgrowngardensandunderavenuesoftrees,pastgreatparksandpublicbuildings,processions.—periodicsentence

TheairofmorningwassoclearthatthesnowstilcrowningtheEighteenPeaksburnedwithwhite-goldfireacrossthemilesofsunlitair,underthedarkblueofthesky.—metaphor

Inthesilenceofthebroadgreenmeadowsonecouldhearthemusicwindingthroughthecitystreets,fartherandnearerandeverapproaching,acheerfulfaintsweetnessoftheairthatfromtimetotimetrembledandgatheredtogetherandbrokeoutintothegreatjoyousclangingofthebells.—periodicsentence

Someofthemunderstandwhy,andsomedonot,buttheyallunderstandthattheirhappiness,thebeautyoftheircity,thetendernessoftheirfriendships,thehealthoftheirchildren,thewisdomoftheirscholars,theskilloftheirmakers,eventheabundanceoftheirharvestandthekindlyweathersoftheirskies,dependwhollyonthischild’sabominablemisery.—parallelconstruction

Indeed,aftersolongitwouldprobablybewretchedwithoutwallsaboutittoprotectit,anddarknessforitseyes,anditsownexcrementtositin.—parallelconstruction

Lesson10

Theslightestmentionofthedecadebringsnostalgicrecollectionstothemiddle-agedandcuriousquestioningsbytheyoung:memoriesofthedeliciouslyillicitthrillofthefirstvisittoaspeakeasy,ofthebravedenunciationgofPuritanmorality,andofthefashionableexperimentationsinamourintheparkedsedanonacountryroad;questionsaboutthenaughty,jazzyparties,theflask-toting”sheik”,andthemoralandstylisticvagariesofthe“flapper”andthe“drug-storecowboy”.—transferredepithet

Second,intheUnitedStatesitwasreluctantlyrealizedbysome—subconsciouslyifnotopenly—thatourcountrywasnolongerisolatedineitherpoliticsortraditionandthatwehadreachedaninternationalstaturethatwouldforeverpreventusfromretreatingbehindtheartificialwallsofaprovincialmoralityorthegeographicalprotectionofourtwoborderingoceans.—metaphor

Warornowar,asthegenerationspassed,itbecameincreasinglydifficultforouryoungpeopletoacceptstandardsofbehaviorthatborenorelationshiptothebustlingbusinessmediuminwhichtheywereexpectedtobattleforsuccess.—metaphor

ThewaractedmerelyasacatalyticagentinthisbreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure,andbyprecipitationgouryoungpeopleintoapatternofmassmurderitreleasedtheirinhibitedviolentenergieswhich,aftertheshootingwasover,wereturnedinbothEuropeandAmericatothedestructionofanobsolescentnineteenthcenturysociety.—metaphor

Theprolongedstalemateof1915-1916,theincreasinginsolenceofGermanytowardtheUnitedStates,andourofficialreluctancetodeclareourstatusasabelligerentwereintolerabletomanyofouridealisticcitizens,andwithtypicalAmericanadventurousnessenhancedsomewhatbythestrenuousjingoismofTheodoreRoosevelt,ouryoungmenbegantoenlistunderforeignflags.—metonymy

Theirenergieshadbeenwhippedupandtheirnaivetedestroyedbythewarandnow,insleepyGopherPrairiesalloverthecountry,theywerebeingaskedtocurbthoseenergiesandresumetheposeofself-deceivingVictorianinnocencethattheynowfelttobeasoutmodedasthenotionthattheirfightinghad”madetheworldsafefordemocracy”.—metaphor

Afterthewar,itwasonlynaturalthathopefulyoungwriters,theirmindsandpensinflamedagainstwar,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,shouldflocktothetraditionalartisticcenter(wherelivingwasstillcheapin1919)topourouttheirnew-foundcreativestrength,toteardowntheoldworld,toflouthtmoralityoftheirgrandfathers,andtogivealltoart,love,andsensation.—metonymysynecdoche

Youngerbrothersandsistersofthewargeneration,whohadbeenplayingwithmarblesanddollsduringthebattlesofBelleauWoodandChateau-Thierry,andwhohadsufferednorealdisillusionmentorsenseofloss,nowbegantoimitatethemannersoftheireldersandplaywiththetoysofvulgarrebellion.—metaphor

Thesedefectswoulddisappearifonlycreativeartwereallowedtoshowthewaytobetterthings,butsincethecountrywasblindanddeaftoeverythingsavetheglintandringofthedollar,therewaslittleremedyforthesensitivemindbuttoemigratetoEuropewhere”theydothingsbetter.”—personification,metonymy,synecdoche

Lesson11

ThisisbecausetherearefewerfanaticalbelieversamongtheEnglish,andatthesametime,belowthenoisyarguments,theabuseandthequarrels,thereisareservoirofinstinctivefellow-feeling,notyetexhaustedthoughitmaynotbefillingup.—metaphor

Buttherearenotmayofthesemen,eitherontheboardortheshopfloor,andtheyarecertainlynottypicalEnglish.—metaphor

SomecancerintheircharacterhaseatenawaytheirEnglishness.—metaphor

Afurthernecessaydemand,tofeedthemonsterwithhigherandhigherfiguresandlargerandlargerprofits,isforenormousadvertisingcampaignsandbrigadesofrazor-keensalesmen.—metaphor

ItisabattlethatisbeingfoughtinthemindsoftheEnglish.ItisbetweenAdmass,whichhasalreadyconqueredmostoftheWesternworld,andEnglishness,ailingandimpoverished,innopositiontoreceivevastsubsidiesofdollars,francs,Deutschmarksandtherest,forpublicrelationsandadvertisingcampaigns.—personification

Againstthis,atleastsuperficially,Englishnessseemsapoorshadowyshow—afaintpencilsketchbesideaposterinfullcolor–belongingasitreallydoestotheinvisibleinnerworld,merelyofferingstatesofmindinplaceofthatrichvarietyofthings.Butthenwhilethingsareimportant,statesofmindareevenmoreimportant.—metaphor

Itmusthavesomemoralcapitaltodrawupon,andsoonitmaybeaskingforanoverdraft.—metaphor

Bewildered,theygropeandmessaroundbecausetheyhavefallenbetweentwostools,theoldharshdisciplinehavingvanishedandtheessentialnewself-disciplineeithernotunderstoodorthoughttobeoutofreach.—metaphor

Recognizedpoliticalpartiesarerepertorycompaniesstagingghostlycampaigns,andallthatisrealbetweenthemisthearrangementbywhichonesetofchapstaketheirturnatministerialjobswhiletheotheretpretendtobeastoundedandshockedandbringintalkofruin.—metaphor

Englishnesscannotbefedwiththeeastwindofanarrowrationality,thelatestfiguresofprofitandloss,aconstantappealtoself-interest.—metaphor

Andthisistrue,whethertheyarewearingbowlerhatsorungovernablemopsofhair.—metonymy

Lesson12

Whenitdid,Ilikemanyawriterbeformeuponthediscoverythathispropshaveallbeenknockedoutfromunderhim,sufferedaspeciesofbreakdownadwascarriedofftothemountainsofSwitzerland.—metaphor

Tere,inthatabsolutelyalabasterlandscapearmedwithtwoBessieSmithrecordsandatypewriterIbegantotrytorecreatethelifethatIhadfirstknownasachildandfromwhichIhadspentsomanyyearsinflight.—metaphor

OnceIwasabletoacceptmyrole—asdistinguished,Imustsay,frommy”place”—intheextraordinarydramawhichisAmerica,IwasreleasedfromtheillusionthatIhatedAmerica.—metaphor

Itisnotmeant,ofco