《新编实用英汉翻译教程》第七章 英汉翻译中的习语翻译

新编实用英汉翻译教程CompanyLogo第九章商务翻译Contents第一章翻译基本知识与理论概述第二章英、汉之间的对比第三章英汉翻译中的技巧与方法第四章英汉翻译中的特殊句型翻译第五章英汉翻译中的从句翻译第六章英汉翻译中的长句翻译第七章英汉翻译中的习语翻译第八章英汉翻译中的广告与商标翻译第十章论文摘要的翻译第十一章中国饮食翻译CompanyLogo

Unit7

TranslationofIdiomsCompanyLogo

appreciatebasicmethodsoftranslatingIdiom

knowtheculturalConnotationandAssociationofIdiomsUnderstandthefeatureofIdiomsidentifytheimageconversionoftheidiomimagesFocusLearning

Unit7CompanyLogoUnit7TranslationofIdioms

ConceptandFeatureofIdioms

CultureandIdioms

CulturalConnotationandAssociationofIdiom

ConversionoftheImages

TranslationandApplicationofidiomsCompanyLogo

Unit7TranslationofIdiomsDefinitionofIdiomFeaturesofIdiom

SectionIConceptandFeatureofIdiomsCompanyLogo

DefinitionofIdiomIdiomreferstoconciseandmeaningfulphrasesorshortsentencesthathavebeeninlongpublicusage.

——IntheContemporaryChineseDictionary

现代汉语词典CompanyLogo

DefinitionofIdiomAnidiomisagroupofwordswhich,whenusedtogether,hasadifferentmeaningfromtheonewhichtheindividualwordshave.Forexample:

HowdoyouknowthatSidandNancyhaveseparated?

你怎么知道席德和南希分手了？

Ihearditonthegrapevine.

我是从小道消息听到的。CompanyLogo

DefinitionofIdiomOneofthebestwaystolearnanidiomisbylookingatthecontextinwhichitisused.Forexample:

WearegoingtohaveasurprisepartyforTomtomorrow.It‘sasecretsoplease

don’tletthecatoutofthebag.

明天，我们要给汤姆举办一个惊喜聚会。这是一个秘密，因此请不要泄露秘密。CompanyLogo

DefinitionofIdiomThenarrowexplanationofanidiomisequaltoChinese“成语”.Infact,theEnglishidiomcancoverbroadersenserenderedintoChinese“习语”evenincludingproverbs,allusions,customaryusages,slangandChineseallegoricalsayingsetc.CompanyLogo

FeaturesofIdiomSemanticUnity(语义协调)

Sinceanidiomhasestablishedusage,inanylanguage,themeaningofidiomscannotbederivedfromthemeaningsoftheindividualwordsalone.Anidiomisusuallyacompletesemanticunity.fishintheair空气中的鱼水中捞月CompanyLogo

FeaturesofIdiom

FixedStructure(固定结构)

Asasetphrase,anidiomalwayshasitsownfixedstructure;itselementscannotbechangeable.likecureslikelikecurelike推心置腹推心又置腹CompanyLogo

Unit7TranslationofIdiomsDifferentCultureCommonSourceofIdiomsSectionIICultureandIdiomsCompanyLogoIdiomsmayprovidepeoplewithinterestingglimpsesorcluesongeography,history,socialorganization,custom,socialviewandattitudeandsoon.Aroundgrainrain,growmelonsandpeas.Whenmelonisripe,itbreaksfromthestem----fullmaturity.谷雨前后，种瓜点豆。瓜田不纳履。瓜熟蒂落。Don’tbendtotieshoesonamelonpatch---toavoidsuspicion.

DifferentCultureCompanyLogo

AsChinesepeoplebelongtoafarmingculture,Therearemanyidiomsaboutagriculturalproductionandfarmers.Similarly,AsEnglandisanislandcountry,therearemanyidiomscomingfromitsmaritimeculture.Forexample:Allatsea水中捞月。无主意，不知所措。Fishintheair

DifferentCultureCompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdiomsBothEnglishandChineseidiomsinvolveeventsorcharactersfromthetreasurehouseoftheirliterature,legendsandmythology,religionandsportsetc.CompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdiomsFromliterature

appleofdiscord

不和之源，纷争之祸根《荷马史诗》SimonLegree

残暴之人

《汤姆叔叔小屋》adoginthemanger占着茅坑不拉屎《伊索寓言》Opensesame

开门咒、敲门砖《天方夜谈》throwdustinone’seyes欺骗、蒙蔽某人

伊斯兰《古兰经》fightwithwindmills

以幻影为敌,跟风车开仗《堂吉珂德》

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CommonSourceofIdiomsInChinese,wehavemanyidiomsinvolvingfromliterature,forexample:

杀鸡焉用牛刀Whyuseapoleaxestokillachicken?《论语》

多行不义必自毙

PersistinginEvilbringsself-destruction

《左传》

请君入瓮

Pleasegetintothevat

《资治通鉴》

万事俱备，只欠东风

Allthatisneededisaneastwind.

《三国演义》CompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdioms

Fromlegendsandmythology

Achillesheel(唯一致命的弱点)------Achilles,oneoftheGreekheroesintheIliad《伊利亚特》anotherepicofHomer.

aPandora’sbox(潘朵拉盒子--灾难，祸害的根源)------apresentorsomethingwhichmayseemvaluable,butwhichbringstroubleandmisfortune.CompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdiomsAnumberofChineseidiomsalsooriginatedfromfablesorlegendsandmythology,Forexample:

精卫填海--------Jingweifillsupthesea,whichdescribesanindomitablewilltoachieveone’sgoalregardlessofalldifficulties.

叶公好龙------LordYeLovesdragonssatirizingthosewhoprofesstolikeorsupportsomething,butareaversetoitinactualpractice.CompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdiomsFromreligion

临时报佛脚--embraceBuddha’sfeetinone’shourofneed(seekhelpatthelastmoment/makeafranticlast-minuteeffort.)

放下屠刀，立地成佛--dropone’scleaverandbecomeaBuddha(achievesalvationassoonasonegivesupevil.)CompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdiomsFromsports

Baseball(棒球)tonotgettofirstbase(没有取得初步成就)-------tofailearlyorattheverybeginningofanattempt;(原指棒球击球手没有跑到第一垒，转义为一开始或很快就失败。)CompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdiomsAmericanfootball（橄榄球）tocarrytheball(负主要责任)—tohavethemainresponsibilityforgettingacertaintaskorjobdone（原指橄榄球运动员执球，转义为对完成某项任务负主要责任。）CompanyLogo

CommonSourceofIdiomsBoxing（拳击）tobedownandout(被困难压倒，完全失败)——inahopelesssituationaftertrying.（原指在拳击运动中被击倒而不能继续比赛，转义为,虽经过努力挣扎，但已处于绝境地而彻底垮台。）

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CommonSourceofIdiomsChinesechess（中国象棋）马后炮——cannonbehindthehorse——belatedactionoradvice/belatedeffort.舍马车，保将帅——giveupachariottosavethemarshal——makeminorsacrificetosafeguardmajorinterests.CompanyLogo

Unit7TranslationofIdiomsCulturalConnotations

CulturalSimilaritiesandDifferences

SectionIIICulturalConnotationandAssociationofIdiomCompanyLogoCulturalConnotations

BothEnglishandChinesehavealotofsayingsusinganimalnamestorefertocertaintypesofpeople.

HewentaboutthejoblikeabullinaChinashop.

他干活就像公牛进了瓷器店一样那么莽撞。

She’slikearose─fresh,delicate,beautiful.

她像一朵玫瑰花，鲜艳、娇嫩、美丽。

Iwanderedlonelyasacloud.

我象一朵浮云独自漫游。

CompanyLogoCulturalSimilaritiesandDifferencesCulturalSimilarities

Wefindanumberofculturaluniversalsintherespectiveidiomswhichhavesimilarimageswiththesameassociations.Forexample：

Hastemakeswaste.

欲速则不达Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实CompanyLogoCulturalSimilaritiesandDifferencesCulturalDifferencesSimilarassociationwithdifferentimages

astimidasarabbit胆小如鼠cryupwineandsellvinegar

挂羊头卖狗肉acatonhotbricks热锅上的蚂蚁CompanyLogoCulturalSimilaritiesandDifferencesCulturalDifferencesSameimagewithdifferentassociationflogawillinghorse

鞭打快牛flogadeadhorse徒劳无益、白费力气fitasafiddle

身体状况好，神采奕奕playsecondfiddle做配角，居次位CompanyLogoAmplificationofImage

Unit7TranslationofIdiomsReappearanceofImage

ConversionofImage

SectionIVConversionoftheImagesOmissionofImage

CompanyLogoReappearanceofImageAlltheriversranintothesea,yetseaisnotfull.百川归海，而海不盈。Giveapersonadoseofhisownmedicine.

以其人之道还治其人之身。Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.天下没有不散的筵席。CompanyLogoConversionofImageAmongtheblindtheone-eyedisking.盲人国里独眼为王。→山中无老虎，猴子称霸王Letanother’sshipwreckbeyourseamark.别人的沉船是你的航标。→前车之覆，后车之鉴goforwoolandcomebackshorn→偷鸡不成蚀把米

CompanyLogoAmplificationofImageEverybirdlikesitsownnest.鸟爱其巢，人爱其家。Whohasnevertastedbitter,neverknowswhatissweet.不尝黄连苦，怎知蜂蜜甜。Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滚石不生苔，转业不聚财。CompanyLogoOmissionofImageThedeceasedoldmandidnotleaveawillandthedistributionofhispropertywasaGordianknot.故世的老人没有留下遗嘱，他的财产分配是一个大难题。

“Gordianknot”isanallusionmeaning“难解的死结”.Itishardtofindtheequivalentofitsimage.Hereconvertitinto“大难题”andomittheoriginalimage.

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Unit7TranslationofIdiomsMethodsofIdiomTranslation

ApplicationofIdioms

SectionVTranslationandApplicationofIdioms

CompanyLogoMethodsofIdiomTranslationLiteraltranslation(keeptheoriginalimage)sourgrapes酸葡萄packedlikesardines沙丁鱼Judaskiss犹大之吻thefifthcolumn第五纵队CompanyLogoMethodsofIdiomTranslationFreetranslation(keeptheoriginalmeaning)

cat’spaw被人利用narrowescape九死一生buryone’sheadinthesand回避政策askeletonatthefeast令人扫兴的东西CompanyLogoMethodsofIdiomTranslationSimilarTranslation

topraisetotheskies捧上天tolaughoffone’shead笑掉大牙toshedcrocodiletears猫哭老鼠atsixesandsevens乱七八糟CompanyLogoMethodsofIdiomTranslationLiteralandFreetranslation

不到黄河不死心。Untilallisover，ambitionneverdiesfigurativemeaningliteralmeaning三九的萝卜---------冻了心（动了心）。Amid-winterturnip(hethirdperiodofninedaysafterthewintersolstice)--theheartisfrozen(metaphor)affectedinheart.

CompanyLogoApplicationofIdiomsNon-useofidiominoriginalconvertedintoanidiomEveryone’slifeshouldhaveroomforsuchloves.每个人的生活都应该为这些爱留下一席之地。Theproblemsofthehumanenvironmentare,tosomeofus,anoldstory.人类环境问题对我们之中某些人来说是老生常谈。

CompanyLogoApplicationofIdiomsIdiominoriginalconvertedintoanidiominthetarget

Theywiselykepttheirowncounselanddidnotexpresstheiropiniontooloudly.

他们明哲保身，决不大声发表议论。Iamnottalkingaboutcastlesintheair,thedonkey’scarrot.

我说的并不是空中楼阁——叫大家望梅止渴。CompanyLogoApplicationofIdioms

Idiominoriginalwithanon-useofidiominthetarget

IsimplytoldStephenthattheonlywaytodobusinesswithMr.Billmeyerwastobeardthelioninhisden.

我只是告诉斯蒂芬，和比尔莫耶先生们打交道的唯一方法是和他面对面斗争。CompanyLogoSomePrinciplesofIdiomTranslation

Sameidiomwithmorethanonetranslationreapwhatonehassown

自食其果,自作自受咎由自取,玩火自焚作茧自缚,惹火烧身谋事在人,成事在天

Manproposes,Goddisposes.Manproposes,Heavendisposes.(佛教)CompanyLogoSomePrinciplesofIdiomTranslation

CharactersandnamesunchangeableTocarrycoalstoNewCastle.运煤到纽卡斯尔去——多此一举。

“纽卡斯尔”是英国的产煤中心，正如汉语有背着瓷器上“浮梁”之说,因为“浮梁”是中国古时产瓷器的地方。CompanyLogoSomePrinciplesofIdiomTranslation

Avoidderivingthemeaningfromtheindividualwordsalone

pullone’sleg

wrong:拉后腿right:愚弄某人，开某人的玩笑

moveheavenandearth

wrong:翻天覆地right:想方设法，千方百计child’splay

wrong:儿戏right:简单的东西，容易的事情CompanyLogoSomePrinciplesofIdiomTranslation

CommendatoryandderogatoryTolockthestabledoorafterthehorsehasbeenstolen(negativemeaning)

≠亡羊补牢(positivemeaning)改译：马已被盗，再关马厩门无益了。Birdsofafeatherflocktogether(positive)

≠一丘之貉(negative)

改译：物以类聚，人以群分CompanyLogo

Appreciatethefollowingtranslation!例1

Thereismoreintheirlifethanpoliticalandsocialandeconomicproblems,morethantransienteverydayness.在他们的生活中除了政治､社会和经济问题以外还有其他问题,不只是暂时的每日常规生活问题｡

原译

他们的生活远不止是政治问题､社会问题和经济问题,也远不止是一时的柴米油盐问题｡

改译everydayness译成“每日常规生活问题”对于中国读者来说,意思依然不是很明确,是指学习､工作还是娱乐?改译较熟练地处理了这个问题,将其译为“柴米油盐问题”,可谓通俗易懂､简洁明了,完全符合原文的语言风格｡译文评析例2

Don’toverlooksponsors.Manygroupslookingforexposureperformwithoutchargebutothersrequireafee.

千万不要忽视赞助人｡很多追求曝光的演出队并不收取演出费,但有些演出队是要收费的｡

原译

千万不要忽视赞助人｡很多演出队只为争取抛头露面的机会,故不收取演出费,但有些演出队是要收费的｡

改译“追求曝光的演出队”这种译法对于中国读者来说,似乎不是广为接受的表达方式,且意思也不够明确,所以,应改译成“只为争取抛头露面的机会”,不仅表达清晰,而且避免了译成前置定语｡翻译中,如将修饰语译成前置定语,经常出现译文生涩的感觉,通常需要将原来的修饰语放在被修饰语的后面翻译｡此句中后置译法很好地保留了原语句子结构的平衡感｡译文评析例3

Forexample,testsdon’tcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.例如,测试不能弥补整个社会的不平等现象,因此也不能说明如在更合适的情况下,待遇低下的年轻人怎样才能成长｡

原译例如,测试并不能弥补社会总体不公平现象;因此,它们不能说明一个生活条件不好的年轻人,假如其成长的环境更加优越一些的话,其才能将可能多么的非凡｡

改译译文评析译文评析返回原译在理解上出现偏差,grosssocialinequality中的gross修饰的并不是social,而是inequality,因而导致译文的错误,修饰语在句子中的内在关系必须弄清,否则再流畅的译文也失去意义｡另外,改译将anunderprivilegedyoungster译成“生活条件不好的年轻人”,很好地将抽象概念化成了具体的概念｡例4AgreatnumberofgraduatestudentsweredrivenintotheintellectualslumwhenintheUnitedStatestheintellectualpoorbecametheclassicpoorundertheromanticguiseoftheBeatGeneration,arealphenomenoninthelatefifties.在美国的知识分子打着“垮掉的一代”这一浪漫招牌成为高级穷人的时候,一些大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子贫民窟,这是五十年代后期在美国出现的真正现象｡

原译

五十年代后期的美国出现了一个任何人都不可能视而不见的现象:穷知识分子以“垮掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国典型的穷人｡正是这个时候大批大学毕业生被赶入“知识分子贫民窟”之列｡

改译译文评析译文评析返回

arealphenomenon在原语中是一个明显的强势表达,如按字面意义翻译为“真正现象”,其承载的潜在信息不仅没有得到充分表现,反而遭到严重削弱｡改译非常得体,照顾表层意思