汽车专业英语-8 CLUTCH

Chapter8CLUTCH位置：离合器位于发动机和变速箱之间的飞轮壳内，用螺钉将离合器总成固定在飞轮的后平面上，离合器的输出轴就是变速箱的输入轴。在汽车行驶过程中，驾驶员可根据需要踩下或松开离合器踏板，使发动机与变速箱暂时分离和逐渐接合，以切断或传递发动机向变速器输入的动力。要求：接合平稳，分离迅速而彻底；调节和修理方便；外廓尺寸小；质量小；耐磨性好和有足够的散热能力；操作方便省力。种类：常用的分为牙嵌式与摩擦式两类。2021/5/91Chapter8CLUTCHTheengineproducesthepowertodrivethevehicle.Thedrivelineordrivetraintransferthepoweroftheenginetothewheels.Thedrivetrainconsistsofthepartsfromthebackoftheflywheeltothewheels.Thesepartsincludetheclutch,thetransmission,thedriveshaft,andthefinaldriveassembly.译文：发动机产生动力来驱动车辆。传动链或传动系将发动机的动力传递给车轮。传动部件包括飞轮后部到车轮的部分。这部分包括离合器，变速器，传动轴和后桥总成。2021/5/92Chapter8CLUTCHTheclutchwhichincludestheflywheel,clutchdisc,pressureplate,springs,pressureplatecoverandthelinkagenecessarytooperatetheclutchisarotatingmechanismbetweentheengineandthetransmission.Itoperatesthroughfrictionwhichcomesfromcontactbetweentheparts.Thatisthereasonwhytheclutchiscalledafrictionmechanism.译文：离合器包括飞轮，离合器盖，压盘，弹簧，压盘盖和必要的离合器操纵机构；离合器事发动机和传动装置之间的一种旋转机构。它通过各部件的摩擦起作用。这就是为什么将离合器称之为摩擦机制。2021/5/93Chapter8CLUTCHAfterengagement,theclutchmustcontinuetotransmitallenginetorquetotransmissiondependingonthefrictionwithoutslippage.Theclutchisalsousedtodisengagetheenginefromthedrivetrainwheneverthegearsinthetransmissionarebeingshiftedfromgearratiotoanother.译文：安装后，离合器通过摩擦不打滑将发动机的全部扭矩传递给变速器。当换挡时离合器也被用于切断传动系与发动机之间的动力。2021/5/94Chapter8CLUTCHTostarttheengineorshiftthegears,thedriverhastodepresstheclutchpedalwiththepurposeofdisengagementthetransmissionfromtheengine.Atthattime,thedrivenmembersconnectedtothetransmissioninputshaftareeitherstationaryorrotatingataspeedthatissloweroffasterthanthedrivingmembersconnectedtoenginecrankshaft.译文：为了撤销发动机的传输动力，司机不得不踩下离合器踏板来发动引擎或换挡。这时，连接变速箱输入轴的从动件是固定的或者以比连接发动机曲轴从动件较慢的速度旋转。2021/5/95Chapter8CLUTCHThereisnospringpressureontheclutchassemblyparts.Sothereisnofrictionbetweenthedrivingmembersanddrivenmembers.Asthedriverletsloosetheclutchpedal,springpressureincreaseontheclutchparts.Frictionbetweenthepartsalsoincreases.Thepressureexertedbythespringsonthedrivenmembersiscontrolledbythedriverthroughtheclutchpedalandlinkage.译文：离合器总成零件无弹性压力，所以驱动件与被驱动件之间没有摩擦传动。当司机松开离合器制动踏板时，弹性压力增加，各部件之间摩擦也有所增加。驾驶员通过离合器踏板和连接机制来控制被驱动件上弹性元件产生的压力。2021/5/96Chapter8CLUTCHThepositiveengagementofthedrivinganddrivenmembersismadepossiblethefrictionbetweenthesurfacesofthemembers.Whenfullspringpressureisapplied,thespeedofthedrivinganddrivenmembersshouldbethesame.Atthemoment,theclutchmustactasacouplingdeviceandtransmitallenginepowertothetransmission,withoutslipping.译文：主动元件与从动元件机密结合就有可能在元件表面产生摩擦力。当全部弹簧压力作用时，主动元件与从动元件其速度是相同的。此时，离合器在无打滑情况下，作为连接装置将所有引擎动力传递给变速器。然而，发动机在刚刚启动时产生的动力较小，为了减少汽车传动系扭冲击力，变速器与引擎应缓慢接触。否则，若主动件与从动件迅速结合，引擎就会停滞不前。2021/5/97Chapter8CLUTCHTheflywheelisamajorpartoftheclutch.Theflywheelmountstotheenginecrankshaftandtransmitsenginetorquetotheclutchassembly.Theflywheel,whencoupledwiththeclutchdiscandpressureplatemakesandbreakstheflowofpowertheenginetothetransmission.译文：飞轮是离合器的主要部件之一，安装在发动机曲轴上，将发动机扭矩传给离合器盘。飞轮与离合器盖，压盘相连接，就会产生或阻断传递给变速器的引擎动力。2021/5/98Chapter8CLUTCHTheflywheelprovidesamountinglocationfortheclutchassemblyaswell.Whentheclutchisapplied,theflywheeltransfersenginetorquetotheclutchdisc.Becauseofitsweight,theflywheelhelpstosmoothengineoperation.Theflywheelalsohasalargeringgearatitsouteredge,whichengageswithapiniongearonthestartermotorduringenginecranking.译文：飞轮同样是离合器总成部件所在位置。离合器工作时，飞轮将发动机扭矩传给离合器盘。其重量有助于发动机平稳运转。同样曲柄发动引擎过程中，飞轮外部边缘一较大的齿轮与发动机的固定档相连接。2021/5/99Chapter8CLUTCHTheclutchdiscfitsbetweentheflywheelandthepressureplate.Theclutchdischasasplinedhubthatfitsoversplinesonthetransmissioninputshaft.Asplinedhubhasgroovesthatmatchsplinesontheshaft.Thesesplinesfitinthegrooves.Thus,thetwopartsheldtogether.However,back¨Cand¨Cforthmovementofthediscontheshaftispossible.Attachedtotheinputshaft,thediscturnsatthespeedoftheshaft.译文：飞轮安装在离合器盘和压力板之间。其花键套管枢纽，易于输入轴花键的传输。带有凹槽的毂枢纽与轴上的花键相匹配，且这些花键嵌于凹槽中。这样两部分就能联系在一起。然而轴上离合器盘的前后运动很可能依附于输入轴，以轴速旋转。2021/5/910Chapter8CLUTCHTheclutchpressureplateisgenerallymadeofcastiron.Itisroundandaboutthesamediameterastheclutchdisc.Onesideofthepressureplateismachinedsmooth.Thissidewillpresstheclutchdiscfacingareagainsttheflywheel.Theoutersidehasshapestofacilitateattachmentofspringandreleasemechanism.Thetwoprimarytypesofpressureplateassembliesarecoilspringassemblyanddiaphragmspring.译文：汽车离合器压盘通常是由铁铸造而成，圆形外观，其直径大约与离合器盘相同。压力板一侧加工平滑，将正对飞轮的离合器盘面压平。外侧形状方便连线弹簧释放机制的附件装置。两种主要类型的压盘总成包括螺旋弹簧和膜片弹簧总成。2021/5/911Chapter8CLUTCHInacoilspringclutchthepressureplateisbackedbyanumberofcoilspringsandhousedwiththeminapressed–steedcoverboltedtotheflywheel.Thespringpushagainstthecover.译文：螺旋弹簧离合器压盘由许多螺旋弹簧支撑，一起被安置于用螺栓固定在飞轮上的一压缩钢盖上，而弹簧反推离合器。2021/5/912Chapter8CLUTCHNeitherthedrivenplatenorthepressureplateisconnectedrigidlytotheflywheelandbothcanmoveeithertowardsitoaway.Whentheclutchpedalisdepressedathrustpadridingonacarbonorballthrustbearingisforcedtowardstheflywheel.译文：离合器从动盘和压盘都非严格地连接在飞轮上。但都朝飞轮方向移动或远离。踩下离合器踏板就会使驱动器朝飞轮方向移动。2021/5/913Chapter8CLUTCHLeverspivotedsothattheyengagewiththethrustpadatoneendandthepressureplatetattheotherendpullthepressureplatebackagainstitssprings.Thisreleasespressureonthedrivenplatedisconnectingthegearboxfromtheengine.译文：转动杠杆使之一端与驱动器相连，挤压弹簧使另一端与压盘背面相连，这样就可以释放从动盘的压力，切断发动机上的变速器。2021/5/914Chapter8CLUTCHDiaphragmspringpressureplateassembliesarewidelyusedinmostmoderncars.Thediaphragmspringisasinglethinsheetofmetalwhichyieldswhenpressureisappliedtoit.Whenpressureisremovedthemetalspringbacktoitsoriginalshape.Thecenterportionofthediaphragmspringisslitintonumerousfingersthatactasreleaselevers.译文：膜片弹簧压盘总成广泛应用于现代车辆。膜片弹簧是一单一薄金属片，受压变形，撤除压力，膜片弹簧恢复到原来状态。膜片弹簧中间的部分成若干手指状，并以此为释放杠杆。2021/5/915Chapter8CLUTCHWhentheclutchassemblyrotateswiththeenginetheseweightsareflungoutwardsbycentrifugalplateandcausetheleverstopressagainstthepressureplate.Duringdisengagementoftheclutchthefingersaremovedforwardbythereleasebearing.Thespringpivotsoverthefulcrumringanditsouterrimmovesawayfromtheflywheel.Theretractingspringpullsthepressureplateawayfromtheclutchplatethusdisengagingtheclutch.译文：当离合器总成随发动机旋转时，离心盘向外掷出这些重量，致使杠杆挤压压盘。离合器脱离过程中，释放轴承促使这些手指向前移动，支点环及其外围的弹簧枢纽离开飞轮。撤回的弹簧将压盘拉离离合器盘，从而脱离离合器。2021/5/916Chapter8CLUTCHWhenengagedthereleasebearingandthefingersofthediaphragmspringmovetowardsthetransmission.Asthediaphragmpivotsoverthepivotringitsouterrimforcesthepressureplateagainsttheclutchdiscsothattheclutchplateisengagedtoflywheel.译文：当膜片弹簧的释放轴承及分离指一起向传动装置移动时，枢纽环上的隔膜枢纽的外围力量挤压离合器压盘使之与离合器盘相连。2021/5/917Chapter8CLUTCHTheadvantagesofadiaphragmtypepressureplateassemblyareitscompactness,lowerweight,fewermovingparts,lessefforttoengage,reducesrotationalimbalancebyprovidingabalancedforcearoundthepressureplateandlesschancesofclutchslippage.译文：隔膜式压盘总成的优越性在于，紧凑性，低重量，运动部件少，连接少，通过压盘周围提供的一平衡力和减少离合器打滑可能性来减少旋转不平衡性。2021/5/918Chapter8CLUTCHTheclutchpedalisconnectedtothedisengagementmechanismeitherbyacableor,morecommonly,byahydraulicsystem.Eitherway,pushingthepedaldownoperatesthedisengagementmechanismwhichputspressureonthefingersoftheclutchdiaphragmviaareleasebearingandcausesthediaphragmtoreleasetheclutchplate.译文：电缆，或者更为普遍的液压系统，将离合器踏板与撤离机制连接起来。无论哪种方式，推动踏板使撤离机制得以运行。这种机制经由释放轴承施压于离合器隔膜手指，从而使隔膜释放离合器盘。2021/5/919Chapter8CLUTCHWithahydraulicmechanism,theclutchpedalarmoperatesapistonintheclutchmastercylinder.Thisforceshydraulicfluidthroughapipetothecutchreleasecylinderwhereanotheroperatestheclutchdisengagementmechanismbyacable