中国政法大学2001年考博英语试题

中国政法大学研究生院2001年博士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语考试日期：3月31日上午TESTPAPERPartListeningComprehension(20minutes,20points)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortstatements.Thestatementwillbespokenjustonce.Theywillnotbewrittenoutforyou.Andyoumustlistencarefullyinordertounderstandwhatthespeakersays.Whenyouhearastatement,youwillhaveaperiodof15-20secondstoreadthefoursentencesinyourtestbookanddecidewhichoneisclosestinmeaningtothestatementyouhaveheard.Then,onyourAnswerSheet,findthenumberoftheproblemandthenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheetbydrawingwithapencilasinglelinethroughthecenterinthebrackets.Listentothefollowingexample:Youwillhear:HeisnolongerlivinginBeijing.Youwillread:[A]He’sbeenlivinginBeijingforalongtime.[B]HeusedtoliveinBeijing.[C]He’sgonetoBeijingforashortvisit.[D]HeshouldstaylongerinBeijing.Sentence[B]“HeusedtoliveinBeijing”isclosestinmeaningtothestatement“HeisnolongerlivinginBeijing”.Thereforeyoushouldchooseanswer[B].SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.[A]Theprofessordidn’tcometoday.[B]Theprofessoralwaysforgetstocome.[C]Thiswasthefirsttimetheprofessorcomes.[D]Theclasswascanceledtoday.2.[A]It’syourturntospeak.[B]Iwanttoknowyourqualifications.[C]Ann’sconfidentofherself.[D]Ann’sgoingtohaveaninterview.3.(缺3和选项A)[B]Thisisastraightline.[C]Everyonecanseeit’salie.[D]Heliesout.4．[A]Hegavethepatientavacuumcleaner.[B]Hegaveahandtotheprogram.[C]Hehelpedtoprotestagainstthevaccination.[D]Heisavaccinateddoctor.5.[A]Someelectiveswillbenecessaryforme.[B]Ihopetobeelectedchairmannextterm.[C]someoneiselectedbyme.[D]Ihavetakensomeelectives.1

6.[A]Whathesaidisworththinking.[B]Iwanttoeatsomefood.[C]Whathehadtosayisawasteoftime.[D]Idon’tcarenomatterwhathesaid.7.[A]Itisawasteoftime.[B]I’mshortofmoney.[C]Theconcertisverylong.[D]It’sreallywonderful.8.[A]Hemadeacommitmenttothegroup.[B]Heselectedthecommitteemembers.[C]Hebecameamemberofthecommittee.[D]Hegavehisnametothemembers.9.[A]Ihaverarelyseensuchstrangeclowns.[B]Thishousehasseldombeensocrowded.[C]Idon’tfeelathomeincrowds.[D]Suchabigcrowdshouldbehousedsomewhereelse.10.[A]Mytypewriter’sinmyoffice.[B]Thepaper1typedisstillonmydesk.[C]Thatribbonmusthavebeenontheleft-handside.[D]Idon’thavetheribbonwithme.SectionBDirections:Inthissectionyouwillhear10shortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,therewillbeaquestionaboutwhatwassaid.Youwillhearthequestiononlyonce.Whenyouhaveheardthequestion,youwillhaveaperiodof15-20secondstoreadthefourpossibleanswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheetbydrawingwithapencilasinglelinethroughthecenterinthebrackets.Example:Youwillhear:Man:Hello,Mary.ThisisJohnSmithattheoffice.IsBillfeelinganybettertoday?Woman:Oh,yes,John.He’sfeelingmuchbetternow.Butthedoctorsayshe’llhavetostayinbeduntilMonday.Thirdvoice:Whereisbillnow？Youwillread:[A]Attheoffice.[C]Homeinbed.[B]Onhiswaytowork.[D]Awayonvacation.Fromtheconversation,weknowthatBillissickandwillhavetoremaininbeduntilMonday.Thebestanswer,then,is[C],“Homeinbed.”Thereforeyoushouldchooseanswer[C].SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]11.[A]Hedidn’tknowwhathospitalBillwasin.[B]HetookBilltothehospital.2

[C]He’ssorrythewomanhurtherself.[D]Heforgottocallthewoman.12.[A]Shehasn’theardfromtheprofessorinaweek.[B]Theclasshasextratimetocompletetheassignment.[C]Sheonlyjustfoundoutabouttheeconomicspaper.[D]Shewon’tseetheprofessoruntilnextweek.13.[A]Thedoctorhasstoppedseeingnewpatients.[B]Thedoctor’sofficewillbeclosedtomorrow.[C]Thedoctor’sscheduleisfilledtomorrow.[D]Thedoctorcanseethemantomorrow.14.[A]Shedoesn’tknowthepersoncalling.[B]She’llpayforthecall.[C]She’llchargethepurchase.[D]She’llcallMikeback.15.[A]Shedidn’tcleantheapartment.[B]Herroommateismessy.[C]Sheneedstocleanthelab.[D]She’llhelpthemancleanhisapartment.16.[A]Hiscoachdidn’thelphimenough.[B]Hehadnochanceofwinning.[C]Hedidn’tfollowhiscoach’sadvice.[D]Hiscoachdidn’tlistentohim.17.[A]Washfewerclothesatatime.[B]Useadifferentwashingmachine.[C]Letherusethewashingmachinefirst.[D]Washhisclothesbyhand.18.[A]Sheisgoingtodroptheclasstoo.[B]Shedoesn’tknowhowtoswim.[C]Ittookheralongtimetolearntoswim.[D]Sheteachesswimming.19.[A]She’llgivethemananewprescriptionrightaway.[B]She’llbeawayfromtheofficefortwodays.[C]Themandoesn’tneedanythingforhiscough.[D]Themanshouldcontinueusingthemedicine.20.[A]Buythepantsthewomanshowedhim.[B]Waituntilthepantsareonsale.[C]Lookforthepantsinadifferentcolor.[D]Lookatpantsmadeofadifferentmaterial.SectionCDirections:Inthissectionyouwillhearseveralbriefpassages.Youwillhearthemonceonly.Aftereachone,youwillhearsomequestions.Youwillheareachquestiononceonly.Afteryouhearthequestion,youwillhave15-20secondstochoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgiven.ThenmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheetbydrawingwithapencilasinglelinethroughthe3

centerinthebrackets.Questions21-23arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.21.[A]Alllanguageschangeoveralongperiodoftime.[B]Languagechangeoccursslowlyandgradually.[C]TheEnglishonTVisdifferentfromtheEnglishindailyuse.[D]BigchangesoccurinEnglisheveryfewyear.22.[A]ThemeaningofsomewordsmaynotbethesameasinEnglishtoday.[B]Someofthewordsarenolongerusedtoday.[C]Wordsaboutmicrocomputersarenotheard.[D]Thesoundsofspeecharecompletelydifferentfromthoseusedtoday.23.[A]ItlooksliketheEnglishourgrandparentsused.[B]Itlookslikeaforeignlanguage.[C]ItlooksliketheEnglishinoldfilms.[D]Itlookslikeadeadlanguage.Questions24-26arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.24.[A]Thesalinityoftheocean.[B]Pollutantsfoundatsea.[C]Thecompositionofcoralreefs.[D]Theweatherpatternsofcoastalareas.25.[A]Theyaremorenutritiousthanfreshwatershellfish.[B]Theycontributetothesalinityoftheocean.[C]Theyusesalttobuildtheirshells.[D]Theyinhabitcoralreefs.26.[A]Theoceansaturatestheatmospherewithwater.[B]Moresaltparticlesaresuspendedintheairoverthecoast.[C]Thedustfromblowingsandcausesmoisturetocondense.[D]Lowercoastalelevationsattractpredictableweatherpatterns.Questions27-30arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.27.[A]Reasonsforincreasedproductivity.[B]Howwristwatchesaremanufactured.[C]TheindustrializationoftheUnitedStates.[D]Thedevelopmentofindividualtimepieces.28.[A]TheywerecommonintheUnitedStates,butnotinEurope.[B]Onlyafewpeoplehadthem.[C]Peopleconsideredthemessential.[D]Theywerenotveryaccurate.29.[A]Theywereasignofwealth.[B]Itwasimportanttobeontime.[C]Itwasfashionabletowearthem.[D]Theywereinexpensive.30.[A]Watcheswereofhigherqualitythaneverbefore.[B]Moreclocksweremanufacturedthanwatches.4

[C]Theavailabilityofwatchesincreased.[D]Watchesbecamelessimportantbecausefactorieshadclocks.PartⅡReadingComprehension(50minutes,20points)Directions:Inthisparttherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswers.Choosetheoneyouthinkisthebestanswer.ThenonyourAnswerSheet,findthecorrespondingletterandmarkyourchoiceontheAnswerSheetbydrawingwithapencilasinglelinethroughthecenterinthebrackets.Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:TheliberatingeffectsofdivorcehavebecomeapopularthemeintheUnitedStates.SurveyaftersurveyshowsAmericanslessinclinedthantheywereagenerationagotovaluelifelongmarriage.Thistrendisevidentinalmostalladvancednations,butnowhereelsehasfamilybreakupbeengreetedbyagreaterpublicacceptance.Aself-helpbook,DivorceandNewBeginnings,notestheadvantagesofdivorce:singleparentscan“developtheirowninterests,fulfilltheirownneed.Money,eveniflimited,canbespentastheyseefit.”Accordingtoonestudy,80percentofdivorcedwomenand50percentofdivorcedmensaytheyarebetteroffoutoftheirmarriages.Butanuncomfortableandgenerallyunacknowledgedfactisthatfamilydisruptioncancreateadeepdivisionbetweenparents’interestsandtheinterestsofchildren.Alltoooftentheadultsearchforfreedomconflictswithachild’sdevelopmentalneedsforstabilityandharmony.DivorceistransformingthelivesofAmericanchildren.Inthepost-wordWarⅡgeneration,morethan80percentofchildrengrewupwithbothbiologicalparents.Todayonlyhalfwilldoso.Eachyearmorethanamillionchildrenexperiencefamilybreakupaboutasmanyarebornoutofmarriage.Atthesametime,theproblemsassociatedwithfamilydisruptionhavegrown.Overallchildwell-beinghasdeclined,despitehistoricallyhighpublicspending.Theteensuicideratehasalmosttripled.Youthcrimehasincreasedandbecomemoreviolent.Schoolperformancehasbeenpoor.Givensuchadramaticimpactonchildren’slives,onemightexpecttoday’sdivorceratetobeviewedmorewidelyasanationalcrisis.Yet,thosewhoarguethatifposesaseriousthreataredismissedasbeingpessimistic,unwillingtoacceptthenewfactsoflife.Thedominantviewinthepopularcultureisthatthechangesinfamilystructureare,onbalance,positive.Anduntilrecentlytherewaslittlehardevidencetoconfirmordisputethisassumption.OverthepasttwoandhalfdecadesAmericanshavebeenconductingavastnaturalexperimentinfamilylife.Theresultsarebecomingclear.Adultshavebenefitedfromthechanges,butnotchildren.Indeed,theymaybethefirstgenerationtodoworsepsychologicallyandsociallythanitsparents.31.Manypeoplethinkpositivelyofdivorce,becausedivorceisbelievedto[A]benefitchildren.[B]liberateindividuals[C]bepartofmodernlife[D]financiallyhelpwomen32.Theauthorimpliesthat5[A]Americanshavebeentooconcernedabouthighdivorcerates[B]Americansdonotneedtoworryabouthighdivorcerates[C]Americanshavebeentooeagertoacceptdivorce[D]Americansareunwillingtoacceptthefactsoflife33.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?[A]Theauthorstatesthatevenanunhappyhomeisbetterforchildrenthanabrokenhome.[B]Teensuicideratehadstayedthesame.[C]Singleparentshavemoremoney.[D]Americansdonotvaluelifelongmarriagesasmuchastheyusedto.34.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?[A]Today’sdivorcerateisviewedbyeveryoneasanationalcrisis.[B]Morepeoplebelievethatchangesinfamilystructurearepositive.[C]Morewomenthanmenlikebeingdivorced.[D]Abouttwomillionchildrenlivewithonlyoneparent.35.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat[A]thereisstillnohardevidencetoprovetheharmfuleffectsofdivorceonchildren[B]thereisnowhardevidencetoprovetheharmfuleffectsofdivorceonchildren[C]itwasprovedinthepastthatdivorcehadharmfuleffectsonchildren[D]childrenbenefitasmuchasadultsfromdivorceQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Forthelayman,thecriminalsideofthelegalsystemisinmanywaysthemostfamiliaraspect.Infact,whenyoumentionlaworthelegalsystem,thetrappingsofcriminaljustice—police,courtrooms,juries,trials,prisonsandjails—springnaturallyintopeople’sminds.Thedramaofthetrialhasfascinatedpeopleforcenturies.Crimeandpunishmentarefrontpagenews,andarethesubjectofhundredsofplays,movies,andbooks.So,whatisacrime?Aretheresomeactswhicharecrimesuniversally,thatis,whicheverysocietydefinesascriminal?Yesandno.Itwouldbehardtothinkofasocietythatdidnotforbidmurder,thewrongfulkillingofanotherhumanbeing.Buteachsocietyhasitsowndefinitionofmurder.Noteveryintentionalkillingismurder.Asoldiercanlawfullykillduringwartime,citizensareallowedtokillinself-defense.Infanticideismurder,butabortionisnot.Insomesocieties,itisnotmurdertokillforrevengeortogetridofsomeonewhohasbroughtdishonoronthefamily.Therearesocietiesinwhichitisnotacrimetokillbabygirlsortodisposeofoldpeoplewhohaveoutlivedtheirusefulness.Punishment,too,isvariable.Itdependsmostlyonhowseriousthecrimeis.Seriousnessisnotinherentinthecriminalconduct,itisasocialjudgment.legallyspeaking,seriouscrimesarecalledfelonies,lessseriouscrimesarecalledmisdemeanors.Theexactlinebetweenthemisamatteroflegaldefinition.InCalifornia,afelonyisacrimewhichcanbepunishedbydeathorbyayearormoreinprison;allothersaremisdemeanors,exceptforsomepettyactswhicharecalledoffenses.Offensescarrylessofapunishmentthancrimesandhavelessofastigma.Ahistoryofparkingticketsisnotacriminalrecord.636.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?[A]MisdemeanorandFelony[B]CrimeandPunishment[C]AreThereUniversalCrimes?[D]TheImportanceofCrimeandPunishment37.Theword“layman”means[A]experts.[B]manlyingsomewhere[C]ordinarypeople[D]lazypeople38.Thecriminalsideofthelegalsystemisthemostfamiliaraspect,because[A]peopleareafraidofpunishment.[B]manypeoplecommitcrimes[C]itisoneofthepopularthemesinthefiction[D]therearetoomanypolicemenaround39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?[A]Intentionalkillingismurder.[B]Thereexistuniversalcrimes.[C]Peoplearepunishedaccordingtothenameofthecrime.[D]Peoplelikecriminallawmuchbetterthananyotherlaws.40.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?[A]Crimesareharetodefine.[B]Punishmentsaredifficulttorender.[C]Therewillneverbeauniversalagreementondefinitionforcrimes.[D]Peopletrytoknowmoreaboutcriminallaw.Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:AlthoughthelegalsystemsofEnglandandtheUniteStatesaresuperficiallysimilar,theydifferprofoundlyintheirapproachestoandusesoflegalreasons:substantivereasonsaremorecommonthanformalreasonsintheUnitedStates,whereasinEnglandthereverseistrue.Thisdistinctionreflectsadifferenceinthevisionsoflawthatprevailinthetwocountries.InEnglandthelawhastraditionallybeenviewedasasystemofrules;theUnitedStatesfavorsavisionoflawasanoutwardexpressionofthecommunity’ssenseofrightandjustice.Substantivereasons,asappliedtolaw,arebasedonmoral,economic,political,andotherconsiderations.Therereasonsarefoundboth“inthelaw”and“outsidethelaw,”sotospeak.Substantivereasonsinformthecontentofalargepartofthelaw:constitutions,statutes,contracts,verdicts,andthelike.Consider,forexample,astatuteprovidingthat“novehiclesshallbetakenintopublicparks.”Supposethatnospecificrationalesorpurposeswereexplicitlywrittenintothisstatute,butthatitwasclear(fromitslegislativehistory)thatthesubstantivepurposeofthestatute7wastoensurequietandsafetyinthepark.Nowsupposethataveterans’groupmountsaWorldWarⅡjeep(inrunningorderbutwithoutabattery)asawarmemorialonaconcreteslabinthepark,andchargesarebroughtagainstitsmembers.MostjudgesintheUnitedStateswouldfindthedefendantsnotguiltybecausewhattheydidhadnoadverseeffectonparkquietandsafety.Formalreasonsaredifferentinthattheyfrequentlypreventsubstantivereasonsfromcomingintoplay,evenwhensubstantivereasonsareexplicitlyincorporatedintothelawathand.Forexample,whenadocumentfailstocomplywithstipulatedrequirements,thecourtmayrenderthedocumentlegallyineffective.Awillrequiringwrittenwitnessmaybedeclarednullandvoidand,therefore,unenforceablefortheformalreasonthattherequirementwasnotobserved.Oncethelegalrule-thatawillisinvalidforlackofproperwitnessing-hasbeenclearlyestablished,andthelegalityoftheruleisnotinquestion,applicationofthatruleprecludesfromconsiderationsubstantiveargumentsisfavorofthewill’svalidityorenforcement.LegalscholarsinEnglandandtheUnitedStateshavelongbemusedthemselveswithextremeexamplesofformalandsubstantivereasoning.Ontheonehand,formalreasoninginEnglandhasledtowoodeninterpretationsofstatutesandanunwillingnesstodevelopthecommonlawthroughjudicialactivism.Ontheotherhand,freewheelingsubstantivereasoningintheUnitedStateshasresultedinstatutoryinterpretationssoliberalthatthetextsofsomestatuteshavebeenignoredaltogether.41.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribesthecontentofthepassageasawhole?[A]ananalysisofsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthelegalsystemsofEnglandandtheUnitedStates[B]acontrastbetweenthetypesofreasonsembodiedintheUnitedStatesandEnglishlegalsystems[C]anexplanationofhowtwodistinctvisionsofthelawshapedthedevelopmentoflegalreasoning[D]apresentationoftwotypesoflegalreasonsthatshowsthecharacteristicstheyhaveincommon42.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEnglishjudgeswouldbelikelytofintheveterans’groupdiscussedinthesecondparagraphguiltyofviolatingthestatutebecause[A]nottodosowouldencourageotherstoactasthegroupdid.[B]theveteransfailedtodemonstratethattheiractivitieshadnoadverseeffectonthepublic[C]theveteransfailedtocomplywiththestipulatedrequirementsofthestatute[D]theveteransfailedtocomplywiththesubstantivepurposeofthestatute43.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthelastparagraphofthepassage?[A]Itpresentstheconsequencesofextremeinterpretationsofthetwotypesoflegalreasonsdiscussedbytheauthor.[B]Itshowshowlegalscholarscanincorrectlyuseextremeexamplestosupporttheirviews.[C]Itpresentsscholars’characterizationsofbothlegalsystemsthatareonlypartiallycorrect.[D]Itsuggestshowcharacterizationsofthetwotypesoflegalreasonscanbecomeconvolutedandinaccurate.844.TheauthorofthepassagesuggeststhatinEnglishlawasubstantiveinterpretationofalegalrulemightbewarrantedunderwhichoneofthefollowingcircumstances?[A]Socialconditionshavechangedtotheextentthattocontinuetoenforcetherulewouldbetodecidecontrarytopresent-daysocialnorms.[B]缺选项B[C]notactunilaterallybecausethecosttothatcountrywouldnotbejustifiedbythelimitedeffectthatsuchactionwouldhaveonindustrialpollutionworldwide[D]actunilaterallybecauseothercountriesmightwellbeinspiredtofollowthatcountry’sexample50.Whichoneofthefollowingismostparalleltothe“freerider”effectmentionedinline4,paragraph3?[A]Inanareawhereovergrazingisasevereproblem,ashepherdallowshissheeptocontinuegrazingcommonfieldseventhoughhisneighborshaveagreedtobuyfeedfortheiranimalsuntilregrowthoccurs.[B]Anapartmentdwellerbeginstorecyclenewspaperseventhoughnooneelseinthebuildingdoessoandrecyclingisnotrequiredbylaw.[C]Becausefaresforpublictransportationarerising,acommuterdecidestobicycletoworkratherthantousepublictransportationinacitywhereautoemissionsareaproblem.[D]Inanareawheregroundwaterhasbecomepolluted,ahomeownercontinuestobuybottledwaterratherthancontributetoaneighborhoodfundtocombatpollution.PartⅢVocabularyandGrammaticalStructure(30minutes,15points)SectionADirections:Thereare15sentencesinthissection.Eachsentencehasawordorphraseunderlined.Therearefourwordsorphrasesbeneatheachsentence.Choosetheonewordorphrasewhichwouldbestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitweresubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart.MarkyouanswerontheAnswerSheetbydrawingwithapencilasinglelinethroughthecenterinthebrackets.Example:Theinitialstepisoftenthemostdifficult.[A]quickest[B]longest[C]last[D]firstThebestansweris[D]because“first”hasthesamemeaningas“initial”inthesentence.Thereforeyoushouldchoose[D].SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]51.Thepupilofthehumaneyedilateswhentheleveloflightislow.[A]reacts[B]focuses[C]expands[D]numbs952.Notuntilhisplay“BeyondtheHorizon”wasproducedwasEugeneO’NeilllaudedastheforemostcreativeAmericanplaywright.[A]compensated[B]secretlynamed[C]givenpreference[D]praised53.Insomelibrariesyoungpeoplecancheckouttenjuvenilebooksatonetime.[A]adventure[B]large-print[C]hardcover[D]children’s54.Amongallsocietieslegalmarriageisusuallyaccompaniedbysomekingofceremonythatexpressesgroupsanctionoftheunion.[A]opinion[B]coercion[C]approval[D]insistence55.Onlysovereignstatesareabletomaketreaties.[A]constitutional[B]powerful[C]legitimate[D]independent56.ThepopulationofSeattleisaconglomerateofpeoplefromdifferentethnicandculturalbackgrounds.[A]acompany[B]afluctuation[C]anassortment[D]amatching57.Anumberofloopholesstillremaininthecampaigncontributionlaw.[A]unprofitablesections[B]illogicalcontradictions[C]descriptionsforcheating[D]waysofevadingrules58.Severalalternativestothegovernor’sproposalweresuggested.[A]solutionsto[B]drawbacksto[C]substitutesfor[D]ramificationsof1059.Atfirstglance,aforestappearstobeahaphazardcollectionoftrees,shrubs,vines,andflowers.[A]random[B]total[C]graded[D]natural60.Thedoctrineofunconscionability,thescopeofwhichencompassesbothcommercialandnon-commercialsettings,defiesconcretedefinitionandprecise.[A]contractnegotiationsusuallymadewhenapersonisdrunkorunconscious[B]doctrinethatallowscourtstoprotecttheweakerpartyinacontract[C]unjustenrichment[D]confessionofjudgment,suchastheadmissionofdebtbyadebtorSimplenamecallingorinsultsareusuallynotenoughtosustainacauseofactionforintentionalinflictionofemotionaldistress,althoughtheymaybeconsideredalongwithotheractsofthedefendant.[A]acauseofactionthatallowsforrecoveryafterapersonisinsulted[B]thegriefaclientwillbringuponhisorherlawyer[C]acauseofactionthatmayallowforrecoverywhenadefendant’sbehaviortowardaplaintiffissooutrageousandextremethatitcausesseriousemotionaldistress[D]intentionallyhittingaperson62.FederallawisthesystemoflawintheUnitedStates,includinglawsenactedbytheU.SCongress,judicialdecisionsissuedbytheU.S.SupremeCourtorlowerfederalcourts,andfederaladministrativeagenciessuchastheInternalRevenueServiceortheFederalCommunicationsCommission.[A]proposedrulesissuedbytheFederalTradeCommission[B]thejudicialdecisionsfromU.S.DistrictCourtsthatarereportedinWest’sFederalsupplementortheFederalRulesDecisions[C]nationallyapplicablelaws[D]publishedlawsthattheFederalBureauofInvestigationcanenforceagainstprivatecitizens63.Conspiracytocommitacrimeisitselfacrime.[A]Anagreementbetweentwoormorepersonstoaccomplishsomecriminalpurpose,toaccomplishalawfulpurposebyunlawfulmeans[B]Termwhichdescribesonlyillegalbusinessagreementstorestraintrade[C]AgreementmadebyEnglishconstablesorAmericanpoliceofficers[D]Afailedattempttocommitacrime64.Shewassentencedtoprobationforoneyear.[A]procedurethatallowsoffenderstoreturntoprison[B]procedurethatallowsoffenderstoreturntothecommunity[C]ConstitutionalAmendmentthatmadeitacrimetodrinkalcohol11[D]mandatoryprocedureundertheFederalSentencingGuidelines65.TheFifthAmendmenttotheU.SConstitutionprohibitsplacingdefendantsindoublejeopardy[A]prohibitionagainstbeingsuedincivilcourtafterbeingchargedwithacriminaloffense[B]beingplacedontrialtwiceforthesameoffensebythesamesovereign[C]beingunabletoserveasummons[D]insufficientevidencetobringbeforeagrandjurySectionBDirections:Thereare15sentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarked[A],[B],[D],and[D].Choosetheonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheetbydrawingwithapencilasinglelinethroughthecenterinthebrackets.Example:IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimes1979.[A]from[B]after[C]for[D]sinceThesentenceshouldread,“IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimessince1979”.Thereforeyoushouldchoose[D].SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]66.TheuseofsmallairplanesenablesMaine’sforestrydepartmenttosurveytheforests,theircrops,andtouriststoreachremoteareasofthestate.[A]potatofarmersdusting[B]andpotatofarmersdust[C]potatofarmerstodust[D]anddustingpotatofarmers67.allrainwaterfallingfromacloudreachestheground;someofitislostthroughevaporation[A]Nowhere[B]Not[C]No[D]None68.,allmachinesarecombinationsofsimplermachinessuchasthelever,thepulley,andtheinclinedplane.[A]Howcomplexisnotamatterof[B]Thematteriscomplexifno[C]Itdoesnotmatterifthecomplexity[D]Nomatterhowcomplex69.Themoreprecise,themoreeffectivethecommunication.[A]awri