新标准大学英语四UNIT4

Thecreditcardtrap1Ihaveaconfession.Severalyearsago,Iwasstandinginaqueuetocollectsometheatreticketsformyfamily,andmyfriendwasdoingthesameforhers.Igotmine,andpaidforthembycreditcard,feelingcontentedbytheconvenienceofthiscash-freetransaction.Itwasthenherturntopay.Thewholeoperationpassedassmoothlyasmine,butmydelightsoonturnedtoabjectshame.Mycreditcardwasafairlypathetic,status-freedarkblue,whereasherswasaveryexclusivegoldone.Text2

Howdidshedothis?Howcouldthisbe?Iknew

Iearnedmorethanher,mycarwasnewer,andmy

housewassmarter.Howdidshegettoappearmore

flashthanme?3

Now,Ihadajobwhichwasassteadyasanyjob

wasinthosedays–that'stosay,notvery,butyou

know,nocomplaints.Ihadamortgageonmyhouse,

butthenwhodidn't?Ipaidoffallmycreditdebtatthe

endofthemonth,soalthoughtechnically,Iwasindebt

tothecreditcardcompany,itwasonlyforamatterof

afewweeks.SoIassumedIhadagoodcreditrating.Text4

Callmesuperficial,andI'mnotproudof

myself,but

thereandthen,Iwassuddenlyjealousofmyfriend.I

decidedInolongerwantedabluecard.Iwantedagold

one.Agoldcardwassuddenlyindispensable,itwould

makemefeelgoodwithmyself,anddesirableto

others.5

SoIappliedforthemostdistinctive,shinygolden

cardthecompanyoffered.6

Iwasturneddown.Text7WhenIhadrecoveredfromtheshock,whichtookseveralseconds,Iaskedwhy.ItappearsthatbecauseIpaymycreditcardbillbothontimeandinfull,I'mnotthekindofpersonthattheywanttohavetheirgoldcreditcard.Theytargetpeoplewhoarepronetoimpulse-buying,andpotentiallybadcreditrisks,temptedtospendmorethantheyhave,andliabletofallbehindwithrepayments.Thentheycanchargethemmoreinterest,andearnmoremoney.That'sthewaytheydobusiness.Text8Sodoesthisexplainwhythecreditcardcompaniesareluring

impoverishedstudentswithunrealisticinterestrates,likemykids?9Threeweeksago,No.2daughtercamehomefromuniversityfortheweekend.She'sinhersecondtermofherfirstyear.Shehasastudentloanof£3,000,likemostofherfriends,andasmallallowancefromherpoormother(ha!)fortransport,books,livingexpenses.

Shewearsclothesfromthelocalcharityshops,andrarelygoesout.Shehuggedme(neverusuallydoesthat)andthensaid,"Mum,Ineedtotalktoyou."Text10"Whatisit,darling?Tellmeeverything."11

"I'veappliedforacreditcard,andIneedsomeonetoactasaguaranteeforme.IsitOKifIputdownyourname?Thankssomuch,Mum,mustdash!Bye."

Text12

AfterI'dhauledherbackintothehouse,ittranspiredthatherbankhadwrittentoherofferingacreditcardatalowinterestforatrialthree-monthperiod,subjectto

suitability...andsoon.Herbank!Itrustedthem!TheyknowevenbetterthanIdohowbrokesheis.13Here'saseriousquestion.Whydotheycallthemcreditcardswhenitwouldbemoreaccuratetocallthemdebtcards?Text14

Here'sanevenmoreseriousstory.Anotherfriend's

daughter,Kelly,wasstudyingmodernlanguagesat

university,andspentayearoverseas.Atsomepointin

theyear,therewasachangeofprocedure,andKelly's

bankfailedtoallowhertoaccessherfundsinher

currentaccount,becausetherequestwasfromoutside

theUK.Naturally,therewasalengthycorrespondence

whileshetriedtosortthisout,sothedelayinbeing

abletoaccessherfundsmeantthatshewentintothe

red,andherdebtsbegantorisemorethan£200above

theagreedlimitonheroverdraftof£1,500.Text15

WhenKellygotbackhome,thebankchargedher

£100forgoingoverthelimit,andinsistedshepaid£30

amonthtobringthebalancebacktobelowherlimit.

Theyomittedtotellherthatshewasn'tactuallypaying

offthedebt,butonlytheexorbitantinterestonthe

overspendoftheoverdraft.16

SoKellyhadtoturntohercreditcardwhichshehad

usedsensiblyandsparinglyuntilthatpoint.Because

shewasastudent,andbecauseshedidn'tuseitmuch,

naturallyhercreditlimitwaslow.Text17

Andnotsurprisingly,

she

couldn't

pay

off

even

the

minimum

paymentonher

credit

card

bill.

So

there

were

not

onlybankTextchargesowing,butalsocreditcarddebtsandinterest.

Andofcourse,shewasrecordedasbeingabadcredit

risk.18

Thingsthenwentfrombadtoworse.Afewmonthsintoherfinalyear,thebanknotifiedherthatitwasgoingtoreduceheroverdraftfrom£1,500to£1,000.Theytoldhertoapplyforastudentloantocovertherest.Butwhentheloancompanydidacreditcheck,theydiscoveredthecarddebt.19

Guesswhat?Shedidn'tgettheloan.Text20

Thiswasadelightfulkidwhohadgreatrestraintwithherspendingandwaseconomicalaboutherlifestyle.Shedidn'tgoonspendingspreesbuyingnewshoes,andshedidn'tusehercreditcardasif(unlikeme)itwasafashionitem.Sheusedittobuyfood,tosurvive.21

Andwhathappened?Shehadtodropoutof

university.Text22

IwishtherewasahappyendingtoKelly'sstory,althoughmaybetherewillbe.Forthemoment,she'sworkinginthelocalsupermarket,andit'sprobablethatshe'llhaveanothergoatuniversitywhenshehaspaidoffherdebts.23

Sothisiswhatthebanksdo.Theysettrapswhich

appealtoourvanityandgreedandsometimestoour

basicneedforsurvival.Andthenwhenwefallintothe

traptheyshout"Gotyou!Didn'tyourealizeitwasa

trap?"Text24

Andherewearetoday,caughtinthecredit

crunch,withworldeconomiesinfreefall,allbecausethewicked

bankerssetustrapswhichwefellinto,attractinguswithendlesspublicityforloansofmoneywhicheventheydidn'thave!Itnowappearstheywereborrowingontheirownflashygoldcreditcardstoo.25

SoIhaveasolutiontothecreditcardtrap,andI

wantallofyoutolistentomeverycarefully.Text26

Iwantyouto

layout

allofyourcreditcardsinaline,takealargepairofscissorsandcutthemintosmallpieces.Thenputtheminanenvelopeandsendthemtoyourbank,withalettersaying(moreorless)"Itrustedyouandyoudeceivedme.You'vegotthewholeworldintothisridiculouscreditcardtrap,andifInowcutyourcardsinhalf,andtakeawayyourpotentialtotemptmoneyawayfromhonestpeoplelikeme,maybeitwillbeyourturntolearnwhatit'sliketorunoutofcash."Text27

Asforme,Idon'twantanymorecreditcards,nomorestatussymbols,nomorebadfeelingsaboutwishingIcouldshowhowsuperiorIamtoothers.I'mnotgoingtoyearnanymoreforwhatIcannotaffordorcannothave.Text信用卡陷阱1有一件事我得坦白。几年前，我排队为家人取戏票时，我的朋友也在为她的家人取票。我拿到了票，用信用卡付了账，对这种非现金交易的便利感到很满意。然后就轮到她付款了，整个交易也进行得同样顺利，但我的高兴劲儿很快就变成了莫大的羞耻：我的信用卡太寒酸了，是不显示身份地位的深蓝色卡，而她的信用卡则是高级的金卡。Text2她是怎样弄到金卡的？怎么会这样呢？我知道我挣得比她多，我的车比她的车新，我的家比她的家漂亮，她怎么看起来显得比我光鲜呢？3

我有一份跟那时候任何工作相比还算安定的工作——虽然不是非常安定，不过我也没什么可抱怨的。我是通过按揭贷款买的房子，可那会儿谁买房不贷款呢？我每个月底都付清信用卡欠款。所以，虽然从技术上讲，我欠过信用卡公司的钱，但只是欠几个星期而已。所以我认为我的信用等级应该很高。Text4你可以说我肤浅，而我也并不感到自豪。但就在当时当地，我突然非常嫉妒那位朋友，我决定不要蓝色信用卡了，我要一张金卡。金卡突然变得不可或缺，它会让我自我感觉良好，会让别人觉得我更有魅力。5

于是，我去信用卡公司申请最特别、最耀眼的金卡。6

可是，我的申请被拒绝了。Text7过了几秒钟，我才从这个打击中回过神来，我问自己为什么被拒绝。显然，因为我每次都按时全额付清信用卡欠款，所以我不是他们想要的那种金卡客户。他们的目标客户是那些随时有购物刷卡的冲动、有潜在信用风险、经不住诱惑超支消费、并且经常延期还款的人。这样他们才有机会收取更多的利息，挣更多的钱，这就是他们的经营之道。Text8这能够解释为什么信用卡公司会用超低利率诱惑像我们家孩子那样的穷大学生吗?9三个星期前，我的二女儿回家过周末。她在读大一第二学期。和她的大多数朋友一样，她借了3,000英镑的学生贷款，并从她可怜的妈妈（哈！）那里得到一小笔补贴，用于支付交通费、书费和生活费用。她穿的衣服是从当地的慈善商店买来的，并且她平时也很少出门。她拥抱了我(她以前从不拥抱我)，然后说：“妈妈，我有事要跟您商量。”Text10“亲爱的，什么事啊？都说出来让我听听。”11“我申请了一张信用卡，需要保证人，我可以填您的名字吗?非常感谢，妈妈，我得赶快走啦，再见。”Text12我费了好大劲儿才把她从外面拽了回来。原来她的银行来信告诉她说：她可以申请一张试用期为三个月的、能够低息贷款的信用卡，只要满足要求……如此云云。她的银行！我才不相信他们！他们甚至比我更清楚，我的女儿一贫如洗。13这里存在一个严重的问题：准确地说这种卡应该叫债务卡，他们为什么要称其为信用卡呢？Text14还有一个更为严肃的故事。我一个朋友的女儿凯丽在大学攻读现代语言，其中一年在国外留学。在留学那一年的某段时间，由于程序上的变动，凯丽的银行限制她在除英国之外的其他国家支取现金账户的资金。通过书信同银行交涉的时间相当长，而未能及时支取账户资金使她欠了银行的债，欠款额超过了透支额度（1,500英镑）200多英镑。Text15凯丽回国后，银行因为她超支扣了她100英镑，并坚持要她每月支付30英镑，以使她的支出能重新控制在透支额度之内。但银行没有告诉她，每月支付的30英镑并不是用来偿清欠款，而只是支付超额透支的巨额利息。16因此凯丽不得不求助于信用卡。在此之前她在用信用卡时一直非常小心谨慎，并且也很少用信用卡。由于她是学生，又很少用信用卡，她的信用额度自然就比较低。Text17毫不奇怪，她甚至无法偿还信用卡账单的最小还款额。所以她不仅欠银行手续费，而且还欠信用卡的账款及利息。当然，她因此被银行登记为信用风险高的人。Text18事情越来越糟。大学最后一年刚过几个月，银行就通知她：她的透支额度由1,500英镑减少到1,000英镑。他们让她申请学生贷款来填补缺口。可是，贷款公司检查她的银行信用时发现了她的信用卡欠款。19猜猜结果如何？她没有申请到学生贷款。Text20凯丽是个讨人喜欢的孩子，消费节制有度，生活节俭。她并没有疯狂刷卡买鞋子，也没有把信用卡当成时髦玩意儿（不像我），她只是用信用卡买食物等生活必需品。21结果怎样呢？她不得不退学。Text22我希望凯丽的故事会有个好的结局，也许会有好结局的。现在，她在当地的一家超市工作，等她还清债务后可能会继续完成大学学业。23这就是银行的所作所为。他们常常利用我们的虚荣和贪婪，有时也利用我们生存的基本需求给我们设下陷阱。等我们掉进陷阱时，他们就会大喊：“抓住你啦！你当初没想到这是个陷阱吧？”Text24这就是我们现在的处境。随着世界经济一落千丈，我们都处在信贷危机之中。所有这一切都是因为邪恶的银行家通过大量广告推销他们压根就不存在的贷款来吸引我们，给我们设圈套。现在真相大白了：他们也在用自己手中金光闪闪的金卡借钱！25我有一个破解信用卡圈套的办法，各位请仔细听。Text26我要你们把所有的信用卡排成一排，拿一把大剪子把它们剪成碎片，然后把碎片装进信封寄回给银行，并附上一封信，上面（或多或少地）写上：“我信任你，可你却欺骗了我。你让全世界的人都钻进了这个荒谬的信用卡圈套。我把你的卡剪成了两半，让你再也不能像骗我这样的老实人一样去骗其他人的钱了，也许该让你来体验一下身无分文的滋味了。”Text27至于我，我再也不想要信用卡了，也不要身份的象征了，也不用费心思去炫耀我比别人优越了。我再也不会奢望我买不起或我无法得到的东西了。TextWords&Phrasestransaction

abjectfairlypatheticexclusiveflashcomplaintriskpotentiallyproneshinydistinctivedesirableindispensablenaturallyoverseasbrokesuitabilitytranspirehugunrealisticcreditratingsuperficialjealousimpoverishedlureliableomitoverdraftcorrespondenceWords&Phrasesexorbitant

overspendsensiblysparinglynotifydelightfulrestraintflashypublicitybankerwickedcrunchgreedvanityeconomicalspreeprobableyearndeceiveWords&Phrasesinfullputdownittranspired(that)into/outoftheredomittodosth.gofrombadtoworselayouttransaction

n.[C]

(fml)theactionorprocessofbuyingorsellingsth.交易；买卖e.g.1.Thesecurityofelectroniccommerceconsistsofnetworksecurityandbusinesstransactionsecurity.电子商务安全包括网络安全和商务交易安全。2.Wehavefinallyconcludedthetransactionthroughnegotiation.经过谈判，我们终于达成了这笔交易。3.Buyingahouseisanimportanttransactionformostpeople.买房子对大多数人来讲都是件重要的事。Words&Phrasesabject

a.(fml)complete:usedforemphasizinghowbad,unpleasant,orsevereasituationorconditionis

完全的（用于强调非常糟糕、不愉快或严峻的形势或条件）e.g.1.Inaslum,peopleliveinabjectpoverty.在贫民区，人们生活在赤贫之中。2.Thispolicyhasturnedouttobeanabjectfailure.这一政策最后以惨败而告终。3.Hisletterplungedherintoabjectmisery.他的信使她陷入极度痛苦之中。Words&Phrasesfairly

ad.1)toquiteahighdegree;toanacceptableextent

相当，很；还算e.g.1.Sheseemedfairlyphilosophicalabouttheloss.她对所受损失似乎还算看得开。2.She’sfairlyresponsivetonewideas.她相当愿意接受新观念。3.Iwasfairlycertainshehadnothingtodowiththeaffair.我相当肯定她与此事无关。2)honestly;withjustice

公平地；公正地e.g.Ithinkhewasquitefairlytreatedbythepolice.我认为警察对他非常公正。Words&Phrasespathetic

a.1)uselessornoteffectiveinanannoyingway

差劲的；没用的；令人生厌的e.g.Moneyandfineclothescouldnotmendthesedefectsorcoverthemup;theyonlymadethemthemoreglaringandthemorepathetic.金钱和漂亮衣服都不能弥补这些缺点，也不能把它们掩饰起来；反而使这些缺点更刺眼、更讨厌。2)ifsomeoneorsth.looksorsoundspathetic,youfeelsympathyforthem

可怜的；令人同情的e.g.Itwaspathetictowatchherconditiondeterioratedaybyday.看着她的健康状况日益恶化，真是可怜。Words&Phrasesexclusive

a.1)veryexpensive,andthereforeavailableonlytopeoplewhohavealotofmoney

高档的；奢华的e.g.1.Thetennisclubhasanexclusivemembership.这家网球俱乐部的成员都是些有钱人。2.BelAirisanexclusivesuburbofLosAngeles.贝莱尔是洛杉矶郊外一处高级住宅区。2)limitedtoaparticularperson,thing,orgroupandnotsharedwithothers

专用的；独有的e.g.ThisbathroomisforthePresident'sexclusiveuse.这浴室是总统专用的。Words&Phrases3)publishedorreportedbyonlyonenewspaper,magazine,televisionstationetc

（报纸或杂志的）独家报道的，独家专文的e.g.1.ThereporterhadanexclusiveinterviewwiththeNobelprizewinner.那位记者独家采访了那位诺贝尔奖得主。2.ThestoryisexclusivetoWashingtonPost.《华盛顿邮报》独家报导了这个故事。Words&Phrasesflash

a.(infml)ifsomeoneisflash,theyownexpensivethingsinordertoshowhowmuchmoneytheyhave

奢华的，炫耀的，显摆的（通常表示不喜欢这样的人）e.g.1.Hehasabigflashcarathisdisposal.他有一辆阔气的大车子供他使用。2.Chrisdidn'twanttoseemflashinfrontofhismates.克里斯不想在他的同伴面前显得是在摆阔。Seealso:flashy.Words&Phrasescomplaint

n.1)[C]awrittenorspokenstatementinwhichsomeonesaystheyarenotsatisfiedwithsth.

诉苦的话；怨言；牢骚e.g.1.Shelodgedacomplaintagainstthewaiterabouthispoorservicewiththerestaurantmanager.她向餐厅经理投诉这名服务员的恶劣服务。2.Ihaveno

complaints

aboutthequalityofhiswork,butIdon'tenjoyhiscompany.

我并不是抱怨他的工作质量，而是不喜欢和他一起工作。Words&Phrases2)[U]theactof

complaining

投诉；意见e.g.1.Whatarethegroundsforcomplaint?你提的意见有什么证据？2.Weacceptyourjustifiedcomplaintforimproperpackingandagreetoreplacethedamagedpieces.我们接受你方关于包装不善的正当投诉，并同意调换损坏的货物。3.Hewhomakesconstantcomplaintgetslittlecompassion.

[谚]经常诉苦，少人同情。Wordfamily:complain

v.Words&Phrasescreditrating

n.[C]financialinformationaboutsomeonethatabankorshopusesfordecidingwhethertolendthemmoneyortogivethemcredit

信用评价；信用等级e.g.1.Ifyourcreditratingispoorthelendermayrefuseyoucredit.如果你的信用等级不佳，贷方就可能拒绝你的贷款申请。2.Itisveryimportanttosetuptheindividualcreditratingsystem.建立个人信用体系非常重要。Words&Phrasessuperficial

a.1)shallow,lacking

substance

（思想）浅薄的，缺乏深度的e.g.1.Herspeechwassuperficialandfullofgeneralities.她的发言既肤浅又空泛。2.Thesearesuperficialpolicychangesthathelpnoone.

这些政策上的变化太肤浅，帮助不了任何人。2)affectingorinvolvingonlythesurfaceoroutsidepartofsth.表面的，表皮的e.g.Sunburnisaninflammationofthesuperficiallayersoftheskin.晒伤是皮肤表皮的一种炎症。Words&Phrasesjealousa.(~of)unhappybecausesomeonehassth.thatyouwouldlikeorcandosth.thatyouwouldliketodo

妒忌的；妒羡的e.g.1.Theyareinherentlyjealousandsuspicious.他们与生俱来地善妒和多疑。2.Beingonguardagainstthosewhoarejealousofyoursuccess.要提防那些嫉妒你成功的人。Wordfamily:jealousy

n.Words&Phrasesindispensable

a.difficultorimpossibletoexistwithoutortodosth.without

不可缺少的；必不可少的e.g.1.Fertilesoilisindispensableforagriculture.肥沃土壤对农业而言是不可或缺的。2.Manypeoplefindcoffeeinthemorningindispensable.好多人觉得早晨喝一杯咖啡是不可缺少的。Wordfamily:indispensabilityn.Words&PhrasesChoosethebestanswer.IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplay____rolesinraisingchildren.(CET4-2002-01)A)incapable B)indispensableC)insensible D)infiniteWords&PhrasesBdesirable

a.sth.thatisdesirablehasqualitiesthatmakeyouwantit

令人向往的；吸引人的e.g.1.Thehousehasadesirablelocationwithaviewofthelake.那所房子的地点让人神往，有一片湖景。2.Nothingcouldbemoredesirablethanforthembothtogetjobsinthiscity.要是他俩都能在这座城市找到工作，那就再好不过了。Wordfamily:desirev.

desirabilityn.

Words&Phrasesdistinctive

a.characteristicofonepersonorthing,andsoservingtodistinguishitfromothers

与众不同的；特殊的；特别的；有特色的e.g.1.Thepackagingshouldbemodernanddistinctive.其包装应该是现代的、独特的。2.Saturnisknownforitsdistinctiverings.土星以其与众不同的光环而出名。Wordfamily:distinctivelyad.Cf.

Distincthandwritingisclearwriting;distinctivehandwritingiswritingyoudon'tconfusewithsomeoneelse's.Words&PhrasesCf.

distinct

a.clearlydifferentorbelongingtoadifferenttype

明显不同的，截然不同的，不同种类的Fillintheblankswithdistinctive,distinctivelyordistinct.

1.Fund-raisingisa___________Americanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.(CET4-2009-12)筹募资金的活动是美国的独特事物，因为美国的学校主要依赖于捐款运营。2.Silkis________fromrayonineveryrespect.真丝在各个方面都跟人造丝截然不同。3.Hehasa__________appearance,youcanrecognizehimeasily.他的外貌有显著的特征，你能轻易地认出他。Words&Phrasesdistinctivelydistinctdistinctiveshiny

a.sth.thatisshinyhasabrightsurfacethatreflectslight

（表面）发亮的，闪光的e.g.1.Whatshinyshoesyou'rewearing!

你穿的鞋子可真亮啊！2.Thecastlelookedshinyandbeautifulunderthefireworks.在焰火中城堡显得既闪耀又美丽。Wordfamily:shinev.

Words&Phrasesprone

a.(~to)likelytodosth.orbeaffectedbysth.,especiallysth.bad

有……倾向的；可能受……影响的e.g.1.Somepeoplearepronetohastyconclusions.有些人往往作出轻率的结论。2.Peoplearemorepronetomakemistakeswhentheyaretired.人们疲劳时更容易出差错。3.Heispronetolosehistemperwhenpeopledisagreewithhim.

人家一不同意他的意见，他就发脾气。

Words&Phrasespotentially

ad.possiblytrueinthefuture,butnottruenow

可能地；潜在地e.g.1.Potentiallyhigherwagesmayworseninflationarypressure.高薪水有可能会加剧通货膨胀的压力。2.Navajoremainedpotentiallyvaluableascodeevenafterthewar.战后，纳瓦霍语在加密方面仍有潜在价值。3.Aretheypotentiallyharmfultotheconsumeroftheplant?

它们对该植物的食用者是否有潜在的危害？Words&Phrasesrisk

n.[C]apersonorcompanyconsideredaccordingtohowsafeitistolendthemmoneyorgivetheminsuranceorcredit

贷款对象；保险对象e.g.1.Driversunder21areregardedaspoorrisksbyinsurancecompanies.不满21岁的驾驶者被保险公司认为是高风险的保险对象。2.Lenderslookatyourscoretoquicklydecideifyouareagoodorbadrisktolendcreditto.贷方根据你的分数来判断为你提供贷款的风险是高或低。Words&Phrasesliable

a.(~todosth.)

likelytodosth.badorunpleasant

易出问题的e.g.1.Yourstatementisliabletocausemisunderstanding.你的话容易引起误会。2.Inadepressionbanksareliabletofail.在经济萧条期间，银行很可能倒闭。Choosethebestanswer.Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems___towardsbrightstudents.(CET4-2000-06)A)partial B)beneficialC)preferable D)liableWords&PhrasesAlure

vt.&n.1)vt.persuadesomeonetodosth.bymakingitlookveryattractive

引诱；诱惑e.g.U.S.biologistshopetolurewaywardwhalesbacktoPacificOcean.美国生物学家希望诱导迷路鲸群回到太平洋。2)n.[C]sth.thatattractssomeonetoasituationthattheymaywishtheyhadavoided

诱惑；诱惑物e.g.Helefthomebecauseoftheluresofthelifeinthecity.由于受到城市生活的诱惑，他离开了家。Words&Phrasesimpoverished

a.animpoverishedpersonorplaceisverypoor

贫困的；赤贫的e.g.1.Theimpoverishedfamilysubsistedoncharity.

那个贫穷的家庭靠救济金过日子。

2.Moneyandfoodweresenttotheimpoverisheddroughtvictims.人们给干旱中贫困的灾民送去了救济金和粮食。Wordfamily:

impoverish

vt.

Words&Phrasesunrealistic

a.basedonhopesorwishes,andnotonwhatislikelyorpossible

不现实的；不可能的e.g.1.Wenevercherishanyunrealisticfanciesaboutthosedesperatecriminals.我们对那些亡命的罪犯从来不抱任何不切实际的幻想。2.TheythinktheBarbieDollportrayswomeninanunrealisticandunhealthyway.他们认为芭比娃娃以既不真实、又不健康的方式来诠释女性。Antonym:

realisticWords&Phraseshug

v.&n.1)v.putyourarmsroundsomeonetoshowyourloveorfriendship

拥抱；紧抱（表示爱或友谊）e.g.Hehurriesdownthegangplanktohughiswaitingwife.他急忙走下跳板，去拥抱他那等待着的妻子。2)n.[C]theactionofputtingyourarmsaroundsomeoneandholdingthemtightlytoshowloveorfriendship

拥抱；紧抱（表示爱或友谊）e.g.Thetwofriendsgreetedeachotherwithbearhugs.两个老朋友见面时互相热烈拥抱。Words&Phrasestranspire

vi.(fml)happen

发生e.g.1.Nothingisknownasyetaboutwhattranspiredatthemeeting.会议上发生了什么还不得而知。2.Wedonotknowwhatmaytranspirewhenwehaveanewboss.当新老板来后，我们不知会有什么发生。Seealso:ittranspired(that).Words&Phrasessuitability

n.[U]thedegreetowhichsomeoneorsth.issuitableforaparticularjoborpurpose

适合；适宜；适当e.g.1.Hissuitabilityforthepostisopentoquestion.他是否适合这一职位还有待商榷。2.FieldevaluationoftwoselectedtechnologyoptionswasconductedtoconfirmtheirsuitabilityandreliabilityforapplicationinHongKong.对两种选定的技术进行实地评估，以确定它们在香港应用是否适合和可靠。Wordfamily:

suitable

a.Words&Phrasesbroke

a.(infml)(be~)lackingfunds一文不名的；破产的e.g.1.Iwascleanbrokeinlessthantwodays.不到两天，我身上的钱花得精光。2.Pollymustbeoutofhermindtomarrythatmanwhoisbroke.波莉一定是疯了，才会跟那个一文不名的男人结婚。3.Thecompanywentbrokelastyear.

这家公司去年倒闭了。Words&Phrasesoverseas

ad.&a.1)ad.

toorinacountryacrossthesea

在国外；向海外e.g.1.Hespentquitealotoftimeworkingoverseas.他在海外工作了很长时间。2.Thefilmhasrocketedoverseas.这部电影迅速传到了国外。2)a.happeningorexistinginacountryacrosstheseafromyourcountry（在）海外的；（在）国外的e.g.Weenjoyedtheoverseastravel.我们喜欢去国外旅行。Words&Phrasesnaturally

ad.1)asmostpeoplewouldexpectorunderstand

当然；自然地e.g.1.Thatquestionnaturallysuggesteditself.那个问题很自然地在脑中出现。2.Naturally,Ihopedforthebest.我当然希望最好的结果。2)inanormalortypicalmanner

自如地；不做作地e.g.Trytoactnaturallyinfrontofthecamera.

在镜头前尽量自然些。Wordfamily:

natural

a. naturen.Words&Phrasescorrespondence

n.[sing,U]

theprocessofwritingandreceivingletters

通信；通信联系e.g.1.Ihavefallenbehindwithmycorrespondence.我有一些信件没有及时作复。2.HisEnglishwastaughtbycorrespondence.他的英语是靠函授学习的。3.Sherefusedtoenterintocorrespondencewithhim.她拒绝跟他通信。Wordfamily:

correspond

v.Words&Phrasesoverdraft

n.[C]

anamountyourbankallowsyoutoborrowwhenyouhavenomoneyleftinyouraccount;adeficitinabankaccountcausedbydrawingmoremoneythantheaccountholds透支额；透支e.g.1.Youcanhavea$1000overdraftonthisaccount.这个帐户可以透支1000美金。2.Itakeoutanoverdrafttopayformynewcar.我用透支的钱买新车。3.Anoverdraftresultedwhena$1000chequewasdrawnagainstonly$900intheaccount.当账户上只有900美元时你支取1000美元，那就造成了透支。Words&Phrasesomit

vt.failtoincludesomeoneorsth.,eitherdeliberatelyorbecauseyouforget

疏忽；省略；遗漏e.g.1.I'llnotwishtoomitthisvaluablebookfrommyreading.我可不愿漏看这本有价值的书。2.Everydutywhichweomitobscuressometruthwhichweshouldhaveknown.每个忽略的责任里都隐含着我们应该明白的一些真理。Wordfamily:omission

n.Seealso:omittodosth..Words&Phrasesexorbitant

a.anexorbitantpriceoramountofmoneyismuchmorethanisreasonable

（价格或金额）过高的，不合理的e.g.1.Thebiologistdecidedtotryoutthatexorbitantdevice.生物学家决定试用那套昂贵的设备。2.Thatseasidehotelchargesexorbitantpricesduringthesummerholidays.那家海滨旅馆在夏天休假期间漫天要价。Wordfamily:

exorbitance

n.Words&Phrasesoverspend

n.&v.1)n.[sing]anextraamountthatyoushouldnothavespent

超支额e.g.AtthenextmeetingIintendtoaskthetreasurertoaccountpubliclyfortheoverspendonhisexpensesallowance.在下次会议上我想让会计当众解释他津贴支出的超额部分。2)v.spendmoremoneythanyoushouldormorethanyouintendedto

（使）超支e.g.Theyareencouragedtooverspendandborrowmoney.有人鼓励他们超支和借款。Words&Phrasessensibly

ad.inasensibleway

合理地；明智地sensiblea.reasonable,practical,andshowinggoodjudgment明智的，合理的，实际的e.g.1.There’salottobesaidforeatingsensibly.饮食合理的好处不胜枚举。2.Theysensiblyinvestedtheirprizemoneyratherthanspendingit.他们明智地把奖金用于投资而不是花掉。3.Sometimesturningtailistheonlysensiblethingtodo.有时出逃是唯一明智之举。Wordfamily:

sensibility

n.Words&Phrasessparingly

ad.insmallquantities

少量地e.g.1.Thisexpensivespicewasusedonlysparinglyincooking.这种价格不菲的调味品仅在烹调时少量地使用。2.Ilivednearayearuponthemoney,spendingverysparingly,andekingthingsouttotheutmost.

我就靠着这点钱，克勤克俭，七拼八凑地几乎过了一年。

Wordfamily:

sparing

a.e.g.Wemustbesparingwithourresources.我们必须节约使用资源。Words&Phrasesnotify

rmsomeoneofficiallyaboutsth.通知；告知；报告e.g.1.Theywillnotifyherwhentoappearincourt.他们将通知她何时出庭。2.AnyinfectiousdiseasemustbenotifiedatoncetotheHealthMinistry.出现任何传染性疾病都必须马上通知卫生部。Wordfamily:

notification

n.Words&Phrasesdelightful

a.verypleasantorattractive

令人愉快的；讨人喜欢的；迷人的；漂亮的e.g.1.Thewindblewdelightfulodorsfromthepineforests.风从松林中吹来阵阵沁人的芳香。2.Peterplayedadelightfulmelodyonhisflute.彼得用笛子吹奏了一支欢快的曲子。3.Hewasamostdelightfulcompanion,fullofwitandhumour.

他是一个很惹人喜爱的伴侣，十分机智幽默。Wordfamily:

delight

n.Words&Phrasesrestraint

n.[U]thelimitorcontroloftheexpressionofstrongemotionoropinion

控制；抑制；克制e.g.1.Hisaffectionswerekeptundercontinualrestraint.他的感情一直受到压抑。2.Hegavehimselfuptoevilwithoutrestraint.他胡作非为，肆无忌惮。self-restraint

n.[U]theabilitytostopyourselfdoingorsayingsomething,eventhoughyouwantto,becauseitismoresensiblenottodoorsayit自我克制，自我约束e.g.TheUNappealedforbothsidestoexerciseself-restraint.Words&Phrases联合国呼吁双方要自我克制。economical

a.notcostingorspendingmuchmoney

不浪费的；节约的e.g.1.Ihavetobuyamoreeconomicalstove.我得买一个更节省燃料的火炉。2.Theinventionofdieselenginesenabledtransportationtobecomemoreeconomical.柴油机的发明使交通运输更经济了。Cf.

economic

a.relatingtotrade,industry,andthemanagementofmoney

经济上的Words&PhrasesFillinth