四级阅读03安心考研

阿阿 老 网易有道签约译者、英语专业八级、 大学英115-97-—1.12-2- gooddeepeacefulautomaticchallengepriorityconcretecontentmentmental

contaminationbacteriaresultfromoddsdeadlyhavemuchtodowithcontaminatedleadto 英 2.回复关键字：阅读精

任何技巧都有使用条件，用的效果也取决于同学的学习所有题型，一定是共性+个性的结合，才能助你任何技巧都有使用条件，用的效果也取决于同学的学习所有题型，一定是共性+个性的结合，才能助你正解：课上听懂，课下运用老师的共性方法技巧，三步法：划题 contaminationn.污染bacteria n.细菌infiveseconds.Aresearchprojectfoundbacteriamadetheirwaytothefoodontinfiveseconds.WhetherfoodiscontaminateddependsmuchontheresultfromnumberesultfromnumberofbacteriaFoodcontaminationmaotherthanfooddrop

variousfactorshowhow

arelesslikelythanfemalestoeatfoodthathavebeencontaminated.Theauthor’sresearchcenteraroungetscontaminated.

foodKee

everythingclean

isthebest

waytostayhealthy. Chancesareyoupickedupfromthefloor.

notfallsick

becauseofeatingfood 43.Foralongtimepeoplehavehadtheexperienceofdecidingwhetherornottoeatfoodpickedupfromthefloor.Somestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewdeadlycanhav deadlyhowlonghowmanResearhowlonghowmandidnothavemuchtodowithcontaminatedfloor.

bacteriagetontothefoodthefoodstayedonForalongtimepeoplehavehadtheexperienceofdecidingwhetherornottoeatfoodpickedupfromthefloor.Somestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequences.Foralongtimepeoplehavehadtheexperienceofdecidingwhetherornottoeatfoodpickedupfromthefloor.Somestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequences.Whenyoudropapieceoffoodonthefloor,isitreallyOKtoeatyoupickitupwithinfiveseconds?Anurbanfoodmythcontendsthatiffoodspendsjustafewsecondsonthefloor,dirtandgermswon’thavemuchofachancetocontaminateit.Researchinmylabhasfocusedonhowfoodescontaminated,andwe’vedonesomeworkonthisparticularpieceofwisdom.Whilethe“five-secondrule”mightnotseemlikethemostpressingissueforfoodscientiststogettothebottomof,it’sstillworthinvestigatingfoodmythslikethisonebecausetheyshapeourbeliefsaboutwhenfoodissafetoeat.Foralongtimepeoplehavehadtheexperienceofdecidingwhetherornottoeatfoodpickedupfromthefloor.Somestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequences.Soisfivesecondsonthefloorthecriticalthreshold（）thatseparatesapieceofeatablefoodfromacaseoffoodpoisoningIt’sabitmorecomplicatedthanthat.Itdependsonjusthowmanybacteriacanmakeitfromfloortofoodinafewsecondsandjusthowdirtytheflooris.WonderingiffoodisstillOKtoeatafterit’sdroppedonthefloorisaprettycommonexperience.Andit’sprobablynotanewoneeither.Awell-known,butinaccurate,storyaboutJuliaChildmayhavecontributedtothisfoodmyth.Someviewersofhercookingshow,TheFrenchChef,insisttheysawChilddroplambonthefloorandpickitup,withtheadvicethatiftheywerealonginthekitchen,theirguestswouldneverknow.Foralongtimepeoplehavehadtheexperienceofdecidingwhetherornottoeatfoodpickedupfromthefloor.Somestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequences.Soisfivesecondsonthefloorthecriticalthreshold（）thatseparatesapieceofeatablefoodfromacaseoffoodpoisoningIt’sabitmorecomplicatedthanthat.Itdependsonjusthowmanybacteriacanmakeitfromfloortofoodinafewsecondsandjusthowdirtytheflooris.WoWonderingiffoodisstillOK

toeatafterit’sdroppedonthefloorisit’sprobablynotanewoneeither.Awell-known,butinaccurate,storyaboutJuliaChildmayhavecontributedtothisfoodmyth.Someviewersofhercookingshow,TheFrenchChef,insisttheysawChilddroplambonthefloorandpickitup,withtheadvicethatiftheywerealonginthekitchen,theirguestswouldneverknow.Foralongtimepeoplehavehadtheexperienceofdecidingwhetherornottoeatfoodpickedupfromthefloor.DSomestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequencesSoisfivesecondsonthefloorthecriticalthreshold（）thatseparatesapieceofeatablefoodfromacaseoffoodpoisoningIt’sabitmorecomplicatedthanthat.Itdependsonjusthowmanybacteriacanmakeitfromfloortofoodinafewsecondsandjusthowdirtytheflooris.WoWonderingiffoodisstillOK

toeatafterit’sdroppedonthefloorisit’sprobablynotanewoneeither.Awell-known,butinaccurate,storyaboutJuliaChildmayhavecontributedtothisfoodmyth.Someviewersofhercookingshow,TheFrenchChef,insisttheysawChilddroplambonthefloorandpickitup,withtheadvicethatiftheywerealonginthekitchen,theirguestswouldneverknow.SomestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequencesResearcherfoundhowmanybacteriagetontotheffooddidnothavemuchtodowith howlongthefoostayedonacontaminatedfloor.剩最后2-3SomestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequencesResearcherfoundhowmanybacteriagetontotheffooddidnothavemuchtodowith howlongthefoostayedonacontaminatedfloor.[B]Whilethe“five-secondrule”mightnotseemlikethemostpressingissueforfoodscientiststogettothebottomof,it’sstillworthinvestigatingfoodmythslikethisonebecausetheyshapeourbeliefsaboutwhenfoodissafetoeat.Buthowmuchbacteriaactuallytransferinfiveseconds?In2007,mylabatClemsonUniversitypublishedastudy–theonlypeer-reviewedjournalpaperonthistopic–intheJournalofAppliedMicrobiology.Wewantedtoknowifthelengthoftimefoodisincontactwithacontaminatedsurfaceaffectedtherateoftransferofbacteriatothefood.Tofindout,weinoculatedsquaresoftile,carpetorwoodwithSalmonella.Fiveminutesafterthat,weplacedeitherbolognaorbreadonthesurfacefor5,30or60seconds,andthenmeasuredtheamountofbacteriatransferredtothefood.Werepeatedthisexactprotocolafterthebacteriahadbeenonthesurfacefortwo,four,eightand24hours.SomestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequencesResearcherfoundhowmanybacteriagetontotheffooddidnothavemuchtodowith howlongthefoostayedonacontaminatedfloor.Wefoundthatthenumberofbacteriatransferredtoeitherkindoffooddidn’tdependmuchonhowlongthefoodwasincontactwiththecontaminatedsurface—whetherforafewsecondsorforawholeminute.Theoverallamountofbacteriaonthesurfacematteredmore,andthisdecreasedovertimeaftertheinitialinoculation.Itlookslikewhat’satissueislesshowlongyourfoodstaysonthefloorandmuchmorehowcontaminatedwithbacteriathatpatchoffloorhappenstobe.Wealsofoundthatthekindofsurfacemadeadifferenceaswell.Carpets,forinstance,seemtobeslightlybetterplacestodropyourfoodthanwoodortile.WhencarpetwasinoculatedwithSalmonella,lessthan1%ofthebacteriaweretransferred.Butwhenthefoodwasincontactwithtileorwood,48%-70%ofbacteriatransferred.SomestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequencesResearcherfoundhowmanybacteriagetontotheffooddidnothavemuchtodowith howlongthefoostayedonacontaminatedfloor. Wefoundthatthenumberofbacteriatransferredtoeitherkindoffooddidn’tdependmuchonhowlongthefoodwasincontactwiththecontaminatedsurface—whetherforafewsecondsorforawholeminute.Theoverallamountofbacteriaonthesurfacematteredmore,andthisdecreasedovertimeaftertheinitialinoculation.Itlookslikewhat’satissueislesshowlongyourfoodstaysonthefloorandmuchmorehowcontaminatedwithbacteriathatpatchoffloorhappenstobe.Wealsofoundthatthekindofsurfacemadeadifferenceaswell.Carpets,forinstance,seemtobeslightlybetterplacestodropyourfoodthanwoodortile.WhencarpetwasinoculatedwithSalmonella,lessthan1%ofthebacteriaweretransferred.Butwhenthefoodwasincontactwithtileorwood,48%-70%ofbacteriatransferred.44.SomestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequencesLastyear,astudyfromAstonUniversityintheUKusednearlyidenticalparameters（参数）toourstudyandfoundsimilarresultstestingcontacttimesofthreeand30secondsonsimilarsurfaces.Theyalsoreportedthat87ofpeopleaskedeitherwouldeatorhaveeatenfooddroppedonthefloor.Should you eat food fallen on the floorthen? From food safetystandpoint,youhavemillionsormorebacteriaonasurface,0.1%isstillenoughtomakeyousick.Also,certaintypesofbacteriaareextremelyharmfulandittakesonlyasmallnumbertomakeyousick.Forexample,10bacteriaorlessofanespeciallydeadlystrainofbacteriacancausesevereillnessanddeathinpeoplewithcompromisedimmunesystems.Butthechanceofthesebacteriabeingonmostsurfacesisverylow.44.SomestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequencesLastyear,astudyfromAstonUniversityintheUKusednearlyidenticalparameters（参数）toourstudyandfoundsimilarresultstestingcontacttimesofthreeand30secondsonsimilarsurfaces.Theyalsoreportedthat87ofpeopleaskedeitherwouldeatorhaveeatenfooddroppedonthefloor.Should you eat food fallen on the floorthen? From food safetystandpoint,youhavemillionsormorebacteriaonasurface,0.1%isstillenoughtomakeyousick.Also,certaintypesofbacteriaareextremelyharmfulandittakesonlyasmallnumbertomakeyousick.Forexample,10bacteriaorlessofanespeciallydeadlystrainofbacteriacancausesevereillnessanddeathinpeoplewithcompromisedimmunesystems.Butthechanceofthesebacteriabeingonmostsurfacesisverylow.42.Chancesareyouwillnotfallsickbecauseofeatingfoodpickedupfromthefloor. 44.Somestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequences[K]Shouldyoueatfoodfallenonthefloorthen?Fromafoodsafetystandpoint,youhavemillionsormorebacteriaonasurface,0.1%isstillenoughtomakeyousick.Also,certaintypesofbacteriaareextremelyharmfulandittakesonlyasmallnumbertomakeyousick.Forexample,10bacteriaorlessofanespecially deadlystrainofbacteriacancauseseverillnessanddeathinpeoplewithcompromisedimmunesystems.Butthechanceofthesebacteriabeingonmostsurfacesisverylow.[M]Sothenexttimeyouconsidereatingdroppedfood,theoddsareinyourfavorthatyoucaneatthatmorselandnotgetsick.Butintherarechancethathereisamicroorganismthatcanmakeyousickontheexactspotwherethefooddropped,youcanbefairlysurethebugisonthefoodyouareabouttoputinyourmouth.42.Chancesareyouwillnotfallsickbecauseofeatingfoodpickedupfromthefloor. 44.Somestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequences [K]Shouldyoueatfoodfallenonthefloorthen?Fromafoodsafetystandpoint,youhavemillionsormorebacteriaonasurface,0.1%isstillenoughtomakeyousick.Also,certaintypesofbacteriaareextremelyharmfulandittakesonlyasmallnumbertomakeyousick.Forexample,10bacteriaorlessofanespecially deadlystrainofbacteriacancauseseverillnessanddeathinpeoplewithcompromisedimmunesystems.Butthechanceofthesebacteriabeingonmostsurfacesisverylow.Sothenexttimeyouconsidereatingdroppedfood,theoddsareinyourfavorthatyoucaneatthatmorselandnotgetsick.Butintherarechancethathereisamicroorganismthatcanmakeyousickontheexactspotwherethefooddropped,youcanbefairlysurethebugisonthefoodyouareabouttoputinyourmouth.2018-Aresearchprojectfoundbacteriamadetheirwaytothefoodonthefloorinfiveseconds.【FWhetherfoodiscontaminateddependsmuchonthenumberofbacteriathatgetontoit.【C】数量Foodcontaminationmayresultfromvariousfactorsotherthanfooddrop onthefloor.【LMalesarelesslikelythanfemalestoeatfoodthatmayhavbeencontaminated.【ETheauthor’ researc center contaminated.【AKee everythingcleanisthebestwaytostayhealthy.【NChancesareyouwillnotfallsickbecauseofeatingfoodpickedupfromthefloor.【MForalongtimepeoplehavehadtheexperienceofdecidingwhetherornottoeatfoodpickedupfromthefloor.【D】是否SomestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconsequencesKResearchersfoundhowmanybacteriagotontothefooddidnothavemuchtodowithhowlongthefoodstayedonacontaminatedfloor.【H】数量≠时间 选词填空（1篇SectionA（10题）5%40长篇阅读（1篇SectionB（10题10%仔细阅读（2篇SectionC（10选择题（4选20%1235200-250词（六级250300 un-

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successfultreatments8 …projectfoundthatpatientsgottestsand faster ifthey…(2016.6)I.reliablesignalsuccessfultreatments 演练2：2016/6 2016年6月卷P1 Contrarytopopularbelief,olderpeoplegenerallydonotwanttolivewiththeirchildren.Moreover,mostadultchildren 26 everybitasmuchcareandsupporttotheiragingparentsaswasthecaseinthe"goodolddays",andmostolderpeopledonotfeel 27 abandonedv./a. F)dampen K)grantadvanced v./a. G)dependent a. L)merelyad.biased a. H)distant a. M)providechances I)frequenta. N)mitmentn.

J)fulfillment n.

O)unrealisticallyad. 2016年6月卷olderpeoplegenerallydonotolderpeoplegenerallydonotwanttolivewiththeirchildren.Moreover,mostadultchildren everybitasmuchcareandsupporttotheiragingparentsaswasthecasinthe"goodolddays",andmostolderpeopledonotfeel abandonedv./a. F)dampen K)grantadvanced v./a. G)dependent a. L)merelyad.biased a. H)distant a. M)providechances I)frequenta. N)mitmentn.

J)fulfillment n.

O)unrealisticallyad.P1 Contrarytopopularbelief,olderpeoplegenerallydonotwantcareandsupportparentstolivewiththeirchildren.Moreover,moscareandsupportparents

2016年6月卷bitasmuc

totheiraging

aswasthecasinthe"goodolddays",andmostolderpeopledonotfeel abandonedv./a. F)dampen K)grantadvanced a. G)dependent a. L)merelyad.biased a. H)distant a. M)provide N) ad. P1 Contrarytopopularbelief,olderpeoplegenerallydonotwantcareandsupportparentstolivewiththeirchildren.Moreover,moscareandsupportparents

2016年6月卷bitasmuc

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aswasthecasinthe"goodolddays",andmostolderpeopledonotfeel abandonedv./a. F)dampen advanced a. G)dependent a.

K)K)grantL)merelyad.biased a. H)distant a. M)provide N) ad. 2016年6月卷P1 Contrarytopopularbelief,olderpeoplegenerallydonotwanttocareandsupportparentstolivewiththeirchildren.Moreover,motocareandsupportparentsbitasmuc

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aswasthecasinthe"goodolddays",andmostolderpeopledonotfeel abandonedv./a. F)dampen K)grantadvanced v./a. G)dependent a. L)merelyad.biased a. H)distant a. M)providechances I)frequenta. N)mitmentn.

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O)unrealisticallyad. 2016年6月卷P1 Contrarytopopularbelief,olderpeoplegenerallydonotwanttocareandsupportparentstolivewiththeirchildren.Moreover,motocareandsupportparentsbitasmuc

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aswasthecasinthe"goodolddays",andmostolderpeopledonotfeel .A)abandonedA)abandonedv./a.biased a.

F)dampen K)grantdependent a. L)merelyad.distant a. M)providechances I)frequenta. N)mitmentn.

J)fulfillment n.

O)unrealisticallyad. 2016年6月卷P2About80%ofpeople65yearsandolderhavelivingchildren,andabout90%ofthemhave28contactwiththeirchildren.About75%ofelderlyparentswhodon'tgotonursinghomeslivewithin30minutesofatleastoneoftheirchildren.abandonedv./a.advanced v./a.biased a.chances mitmentn.

dampen dependent a.distant a.frequenta.J)fulfillment

grantmerelyvideunderstandablyad.O)unrealisticallyad. 2016年6月卷P2About80%ofpeople65yearsandolderhavelivingchildren,andabout90%ofthemhave28contactwiththeirchildren.About75%ofelderlyparentswhodon'tgotonursinghomeslivewithin30minutesofatleastoneoftheirchildren.C)biased a.

dependent a.distant a.frequenta. 2016年6月卷P2 About80%ofpeople65yearsandolderhavelivingchildren,andabout90%ofthemhave 28Icontactwiththeirchildren.About75%ofelderlyparentswhodon'tgotonursinghomeslivewithin30minutesofatleastoneoftheirchildren.C)biased a.

dependent a.distant a.I)I)frequenta. 2016年6月卷P3However,29havingcontactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehappinessinoldage.Infact,someresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits.Thisresearchmaybe30,however,asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore31andtherebyincreasescontactwithfamilymembers.Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfamilyinvolvement,32spirits.abandonedv./a. F)dampen K)grantadvanced v./a. G)dependent a. L)merelyad.biased a. H)distant a. M)providechances I)frequenta. N)mitmentn.

fulfillment n.

unrealisticallyad. 2016年6月卷P3 29 withchildre doe notguaranteehappinessinoldageInfact,someresearchhasfounthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits.Thisresearchmaybe30,however,asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore31andtherebyincreasescontactwithfamilymembers.Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfamilyinvolvement,32spirits.abandonedv./a. F)dampen K)grantadvanced v./a. G)dependent a. L)merelyad.biased a. H)distant a. M)providechances I)frequenta. N)mitmentn.

J)fulfillment n.

O)unrealisticallyad. 2016年6月卷guaranteehguaranteehappinessinoldagehavingcontac withchildrendoesnot29Infact,someresearchhasfounthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits.Thisresearchmaybe30,however,asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore31andtherebyincreasescontactwithfamilymembers.Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfamilyinvolvement,32spirits.abandonedv./a.advanced v./a.biased a.chances mitmentn.

dampen dependent a.distant a.frequenta. J)fulfillment

K)grantL)L)merelyvideunderstandablyad.O)unrealisticallyad. 2016年6月卷P3However,29havingcontactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehappinessinoldage.Infact,someresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits.Thisresearchmaybe30,however,asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore31andtherebyincreasescontactwithfamilymembers.Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfamilyinvolvement,32spirits.abandonedv./a. F)dampen K)grantadvanced v./a. G)dependent a. L)merelyad.biased a. H)distant a. M)providechances I)frequenta. N)mitmentn.

fulfillment n.

unrealisticallyad. 2016年6月卷P3However,29havingcontactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehappinessinoldage.Infact,someresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits.Thisresearchmaybe30,however,asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore31andtherebyincreasescontactwithfamilymembers.Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfamilyinvolvement,32spirits.abandonedv./a. F)dampen K)grantadvanced v./a. G)dependent a. L)merelyad.biased a. H)distant a. M)providechances I)frequenta. N)mitmentn.

J)fulfillment n.

O)unrealisticallyad. 2016年6月卷P3However,29havingcontactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehappinessinoldage.Infact,someresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowest30spirits.Thisresearchmaybe ,however,asillhealthoftenmake3031olderpeoplemor31 So itis

andtherebyincreasescontactwithfamily likelytha poor not justfamily32involvement, spirits.32abandonedv./a.advanced v./a.biased a.chances mitmentn.

dampen dependent a.distant a.frequenta. J)fulfillment

grantmerelyvideunderstandablyad.O)unrealisticallyad. 2016年6月卷P3However,29havingcontactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehappinessinoldage.Infact,someresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowest30spirits.Thisresearchmaybe ,however,asillhealthoftenmake3031olderpeoplemor31 So itis

andtherebyincreasescontactwithfamily likelytha poor not justfamily32involvement, spirits.32advancedbiased a.

/a. G)dependent a. distant a.frequenta. 2016年6月卷P3However,29havingcontactwithchildrendoesnotguaranteehappinessinoldage.Infact,someresearchhasfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostinvolvedwiththeirfamilieshavethelowestspirits.Thisresearchmaybe30C,however,asillhealthoftenmakesolderpeoplemore31Gandtherebyincreasescontactwithfamilymembers.Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfamily32involvement, spirits.32C)biased a.B)C)biased a.

/a.

G)G)dependentdistant a.frequenta.

a. 2016年6月卷P3 3031Ginvolvement,

Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfamily32spirits.32B)advanced v./a.

F)dampen K)grantM)provide 2016年6月卷P3 3031Ginvolvement,

Soitismorelikelythatpoorhealth,notjustfamily3232F)daF)dampen

K)grantM)provide 2016年6月卷P4Increasingly,researchershavebeguntolookatthequalityofrelationships,ratherthanatthefrequencyofcontact,betweentheelderlyandtheirchildren.Ifparentsandchildrenshareinterestsandvaluesandagreeonchildrearingpracticesandreligious33,theyarelikelytoenjoyeachother'scompany.Disagreementsonsuchmatterscan34causeproblems.Ifparentsareangeredbytheirdaughter'sdivorce,dislikehernewhusband,anddisapproveofhowsheisraisingtheirgrandchildren,35arethattheyarenotgoingtoenjoyhervisits.abandonedv./a. F)dampen K)grantadvanced v./a. G)dependent a. L)merelyad.biased a. H)distant a. M)providechances I)frequenta. N)mitmentn.

fulfillment n.

unrealisticallyad.P4 Increasingly,researcher tolookatth qualityofrelationships,ratherthanatthefrequencyofcontact,betweentheelderlyantheirchildren.Ifparentsandchildrenshareinterestsandvaluesandagreeonchildrearingpracticesandreligious33,theyarelikelytoenjoyeachother'scompany.Disagreementsonsuchma