Jigsaw reading教学法的介绍及其应用

Jigsawreading2021/5/91Whatis“Jigsaw”?Ifthejigsawpuzzleisdividedintofourparts,eachofthefourplayerskeeps1part.Whatshouldthefourplayersdotocompletethejigsaw?CooperateThisiswhatjigsawreadingisallabout.2021/5/92JigsawActivitiesAjigsawactivityisagroupactivityinwhicheachmemberisdependentontheothersforpartoftheinfo.

Inotherwords,inordertocompleteatask,groupmembersmustcooperate.StudentAsStudentBsStudentCsStudentDseachmemberisdependentontheothersforpartoftheinfo2021/5/93COMMENTS:Ajigsawprovidesagoodwayforstaffmemberstolearnnewcontentandalsoprovidesanopportunityforstaffmemberstoteacheachotherwhattheyhavelearned.Iscooperationnecessaryandessentialinreading?2021/5/94Directions1PreparereadingmaterialProvidefourarticlesorlongerarticlesthathavebeenbrokendownintofoursections.2021/5/952JigsawgroupsStudentsareputintogroupsoffour--theirjigsawgroups.Withinthesegroups,eachpersonisassignedadifferent

letter:A,B,C,D,whichwillcorrespondtoanassignedtext(A,B,C,D).ABCD2021/5/96Studentsaremadetorealizethattheyareresponsibleforthesuccessorfailureofeveryoneontheirteam.Theydothisbybeingresponsibleforcommunicatingtheinformationtheylearnintheirexpertgroups.2021/5/97Beforemovingintotheirexpertgroups,studentsaretoldtorememberwhoisintheirjigsawgroup,becausetheywillreassemblelatertoshareandbetestedonwhattheyhavelearnedintheirexpertgroups.SohereitisimportanttomakeSs“high”—completelygetinvolved.2021/5/983ExpertGroups:Next,theteacherdividesstudentsintoexpertgroupsbyputtingalloftheA’sinonegroup,alloftheB’sinonegroup,alloftheC’sinonegroupandalloftheD’sinonegroup.2021/5/99ABCDABCDABCDABCDGroupAGroupBGroupCGroupDJigsawgroupExpertgroup2021/5/9103ExpertGroups:Theteacherinformsthegroupsthatitisthetaskofeveryoneintheexpertgrouptoensurethateveryoneelseinthatgroupthoroughlyunderstandswhattheyread.2021/5/911TheteacherpassesoutthereadingtextletteredA,B,C,andD.Theteacherdoessomepre-readingexercises.Forexample:skimmingthereadingandfindthegist;solvingnewwordstogetherThentheyareaskedtoshare

whattheyhavelearnedandtosharetheanswerstoexerciseswithintheexpertgroup.2021/5/912Theyshouldalsobeencouragedtorehearseexactlywhattheywillsaywhentheygobacktotheirjigsawgroups.Itisimportanttogivestudentssufficienttimetodothis,ortheywillnotlearnthematerialthoroughlyandtheteacherwillfindthattheytendtoreadthematerialwhentheyreturnbacktotheirjigsawgroups.2021/5/913Theteachermaygivestudentswrittenororalinstructionsforcarryingouttheirexpertgroupassignment.Thefollowinginstructionsprovidesanexample.2021/5/9141.Readyourpassagequicklyforgeneralcomprehension.2.Readthepassageagain,andmakesureyouknowallofthevocabulary.3.Dothevocabularyandcomprehensionquestionsandthenchecktheminyourexpertgroup,sothatyouaresureyoucanteachthestoryandvocabularytoyourjigsawgrouplater.2021/5/9154.Consultyourteacherifthereissomethingyoudon'tunderstand.5.Role-playwithyourneighborhowyouwilltellyourstoryandteachnewvocabularywhenyourejoinyourjigsawgroup.2021/5/9164JigsawGroupsRevisited:StudentsaredirectedtoreturntotheirJigsawgroups.Eachpersontakesaturntoexplainthecontentofhisorherreading,andtoteachthevocabularyandotherpartsoftheteacher'sassignment.ABCD2021/5/917Theteacherinstructsstudentstoensurethateveryoneintheirgroupunderstandseveryaspectofthetextofeveryoneelseinthejigsawgroup.Theteachergiveseachstudentatimelimit,butensuresthatthereissufficienttimetocompletethetask.Othersinthegroupshouldaskquestionstogetclarification.“Whatdoes…mean?”2021/5/918Theteacheralsoinstructsstudentshowmuchtotaltimethegrouphasbeforetheywillbetestedasagroup.Theteachertellsstudentsthatthetestwillincludequestionsfromalltexts,andthatthejigsawgroupswillreceiveagroupmarkdependinguponhowwelleachindividualinthegroupachievedonthetest.2021/5/9195Testing:Studentswritethetest.Theteachermaytestthegroupasawhole,orindividualsinthegroup.2021/5/9206Assessing:Itisdesirabletoreceivefeedbackfromthestudentsandbuildanawarenessofcooperationbyaskingquestionssuchas:Howdidyourgroupdointhetest?Howcouldyouhavedonebetter?Whatdidyouobserveaboutthegroupinteractions?Whatdidyouthinkwasmosteffectiveinthisexercise?Whatdidyouthinkwasleasteffective?2021/5/921Sumup:l.Findanappropriatetext(s),andabetterwaystoadaptitforajigsawreadingexercise.2.Dividethereadingintosections,ordevisedifferentversionsofthesamestoryforexpertgroups.2021/5/922Sumup:3.Formulatesomeexercisesthatwillhelpstudentsreadandunderstanddifficultwordsandsentencesintheirexpertgroupswhichwilllaterbesharedinjigsawgroups.4.Besuretheformatoftheexercisesissuchthatstudentscantakebacktheinformationtotheirjigsawgroups2021/5/923Sumup:5.Formulatesomeguidelinesfordiscussionforjigsawgroups.6.Deviseashorttesttoevaluatejigsawgroups'comprehensionoftext(s).2021/5/924Students’responsibilitiesThestudents'responsibilitiesincooperativelearningaretoworkontheassignedtasksasacooperativegroup.Eachstudentisresponsibleforthesuccessorfailureoftheothers.IfStudentAdoesnothelpStudentB,thenbothstudentswillfail.2021/5/925Teacher’sroleTheteacher'sroleistosetupreasonable,realistic,challengingactivities,andcommunicatetherulesforcarryingoutthoseactivities.Therulesshouldbeconducivetothephilosophyofcooperation.2021/5/926Teacher’sroleOnceateacherhasclearlylaidoutthetasksandmotivatedtheactivity,sheorheshouldstepback,actingonlyasafacilitatorsothatstudentscanusetheirinventivenessandcreativitytosolvetheproblem.2021/5/927Advantages1.

Increasesstudentindependence:Studentsrealizethattheycanworkindependentlyoftheteacher.Thus,studentsbecomemoreselfreliantlearnersbothwithinandoutsideofclass.2021/5/9282.

Promotespeerteaching:Studentsaredependentuponeachotherfortheacquisitionofinformation.Eachpersonhasachancetooffersomethingofimportance,andeachpersonhassomethingtolearnfromhisorherpeers.2021/5/9293.

Canbeusedinmulti-levelclassrooms:Weakandstrongreaderscanbeputtogetherinthesamegroupbecausethereadingtextthatonereceivesisdifferentfromthereadingtextthatanotherreceives.2021/5/930

Itallowsteacherstolevelstudentsandgivethemsuitablereadings.Thisensuresthatnooneisbored,butthateachlearnerhasinformationthattheothersinthegrouprequiretocompletethetask.2021/5/9314.

Canbeusedinavarietyofcontentareas:

Everyoneintheclassischallenged,andthischallengeleadstomoreeffectivelearning.Inaddition,studentsareactive,bothmentallyandphysically,whilebeingexposedtoawealthofnewlanguageandlanguageforms.2021/5/9325.Canbeadaptedforuseinallagegroups:Teachersmaywanttogroupstudentsaccordingtosameagelevels,sameordifferentsex,dependingonthestory.Thus,thetechniquecanbeusedindifferentkindsofclassrooms.2021/5/9336.PromotesindividualandgroupResponsibility:Studentsseetheirworthwithinthegroup,whichdevelopsselfconfidenceandselfrespect2021/5/9347.Avoidsdominancebyonegroupmember.

Everyoneisresponsibleforhisorherownlearningaswellasthelearningofeveryoneelseandtheultimatescoreofthegroup.2021/5/9358.Createspeeracceptanceandunderstanding:

Studentshaveanopportunitytointeractwitheachother.2021/5/9369.Developssocialsocial-skillssuchas:

a.turn-taking,b.politeinterruption,eration,d.mutualinterdependence,e.encouragement,andf.moralsupport.2021/5/93710.Aidsinassessment:

Teacherscanassesstheirstudents'progressinavarietyofskillareasasstudentsparticipateintheactivity.2021/5/93810.Aidsinassessment:

Thisopportunityisdesirablewhereateacherisworkingwithgroupsoflanguageorliteracylearners,orwhereateacherisworkinginaspecificcontentareaatthesametimeashelpingstudentsdeveloptheirreadingandwritingskills(Plow,1990).2021/5/939Potentialdisadvantages:Itisunfairtopresentthebenefitsofthejigsawreadingwithoutpresentingitsshortcomingsaswell.First,ifstudentsdonotfullyunderstandthepapertheyarepresenting,…2021/5/940…theywillspreadincorrectinformationtotheirgroupmembers,anditisdifficultto……determineifthestudentshaveadequatelyunderstoodthearticlestheyarepresenting.Potentialdisadvantages:2021/5/941Whatcouldbedonetomakeupforit?1.Whilewanderingtheclassfromgrouptogroup,theteachercanlisteninonthepresentationsandinterjectcommentstopartiallysolvethisproblem.Unfortunately,……monitoringalloftheinformationbeingpresentedisdifficultforateacher,especiallyinlargeclasses.2021/5/942Whatcouldbedonetomakeupforit?2

.Theselectionofpapersthatareeasilyaccessibletotheclassisalsoanimportantissueinthisregard.Papersattheveryupperlimitofthestudents'abilitytoreadandcomprehendareprobablyinappropriateforthisassignment.2021/5/943Whatcouldbedonetomakeupforit?3.Provideaworksheetthatsimplyasksthelistenertolistthekeypointsofeachpresenter.Thisworksheetcouldevenbehanded