英语单词：前缀、后缀、词根-总结大全

英语单词：前缀、后缀、词根---总结大全第一章英语单词构词法——前缀第1节表示否定意义的前缀

（1）纯否定前缀

前缀举例

a-,an-asymmetry(不对称),anhydrous(无水的)

dis-dishonest,dislike

in-,ig-,il-,im-,ir-incapable,inability,ignoble,impossible,immoral,illegal,irregular

ne-,n-none,neither,never

non-nonsense

un-unable,unemployment（2）表示错误的意义

前缀举例

male-,mal-malfunction,maladjustment(失调)

mis-mistake,mislead

pseudo-pseudonym(假名),pseudoscience（3）表示反动作的意思

前缀举例

de-defend,demodulation(解调)

dis-disarm,disconnect

un-unload,uncover（4）表示相反、相互对立的意思

前缀举例

anti-,ant-antiknock(防震),antiforeign(排外的)

contra-,contre-,contro-contradiction,controflow(逆流)

counter-counteraction,counterbalance

ob-,oc-,of-,op-,object,oppose,occupy

with-withdraw,withstand

第2节表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀

前缀含义举例

a-在……之上、向……aboard,aside

by-附近、邻近、边侧bypath,bypass

circum-,circu-周围、环绕、回转circumstance,circuit

de-在下、向下descend,degrade

en-在内、进入encage,enbed

ex-,ec-,es-外部、外exit,eclipse,expand,export

extra-额外extraction

fore-在前面forehead,foreground

in-,il-im-,ir-向内、在内、背于inland,invade,inside,import

inter-,intel-在……间，相互international,interaction,

intro-向内、在内、内侧introduce,

medi-,med-,mid-中，中间Mediterranean,midposition

out-在上面，在外部，在外outline,outside,outward

over-在上面，在外部，向上overlook,overhead,overboard

post-向后，在后面，次postscript(附言),postgraduate

pre-在前，在前面prefix,preface,preposition

pro-在前、向前progress,proceed

sub-,suc-,suf-,sug-,

sum-,sup-,sur-,sus-在下面，下subway,submarine,suffix,suppress,supplement

super-,sur-在……之上superficial,surface,superstructure

trans-移上，转上，在那一边translate,transform,transoceanic

under-在……下面，下的underline,underground

up-向上，向上面，在上upward,uphold,uphill第3节表示时间、序列关系的前缀

前缀含义举例ante-,anti-先前，早于，预先antecedent,anticipateex-先、故、旧ex-president,ex-husband

fore-在前面、先前、前面foreword,foretell

mid-,medi-中，中间midnight,midsummer

post-在后，后postwar

pre-,pri-在前、事先、预先preheat,prewar,prehistory

pro-在前、先、前prologue(序幕),prophet

re-再一次、重新retell,rewrite第4节表示比较程度差别关系的前缀

前缀含义举例by-副、次要的byproduct

extra-超越、额外extraordinary

hyper-超过、极度hypersonic,hypertension

out-超过、过分outdo(超过),outbid

over-超过、过度、太overeat,overdress,oversleep

sub-,suc-次、低、副、亚subeditor,subordinate,succession

super-,sur-超过supernatural,superpower,surplus

under-低劣、低下undersize,undergrown

vice-副、次vice-president,vice-chairman第5节表示共同、相等意思的前缀

前缀含义举例com-,cop-,con-,cor-,co-共同、一起combine,connect,coexist

syn-,syl-,sym-同、共、和、类synthesis,sympathy

第6节表示整个完全意思的前缀

前缀含义举例al-完整、完全alone,almost

over-完全、全overall,overflow(充满)

pan-全、总、万panentheism(泛神论),panorama(全景、概论)第7节表示分离、离开意思的前缀

前缀含义举例a-,ab-,abs-分离、离开away,apart,abstract,abstain

de-离去、除去depart,decolour

dis-,di-,dif-分离、离开disarm,divorce

ex-,e-离开、分离expel,exclude,expatriate

for-离开、脱离forgive,forget

re-离开release,resolve

se-分离、隔离separate,seduce,select

第8节表示通过、遍及意思的前缀

前缀含义举例dia-通过、横过diameter,diagram

per-,pel-通、总、遍perfect,perform,pervade(浸透)

trans-横过、贯通transparent,transmit,transport第9节表示加强意思的前缀

前缀举例a-arouse,ashamed

ad-adjoin,adhere(粘着)第10节表示变换此类作用的前缀

前缀举例be-befriend(帮助、扶助)

en-enslave,enable,enrich

ad-,ac-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-：adapt,accord,affix,aggression,arrive,assist,attend,attract,arrange,assign

第11节表示数量关系的前缀

前缀含义举例mono-,mon-单一、一monotone,monopoly,monarch

ambi-,bi-,di-twi-二、两、双ambiguous,amphibian,bicycle,

diode,twilight

deca-,deco-,dec-,deci-十decade,decimals

hecto-,hect-,centi-百，百分之一hectometer,centimeter

kilo-千、千分之一kilometer

myria-,myri-,mega,meg,micro-万、万分之一myriametre,megabyte,microvolt

multi-,mult-,poly-许多、复、多数multipmetre,polysyllable

hemi-,demi-,semi-,pene-,pen-半、一半hemisphere,demiofiicial,semiconductor,semitransparent,peninsula

第12节表示特殊意义的前缀

前缀含义举例arch-首位、第一的、主要的architect,archbishop

auto-自己、独立、自动automobile,autobiography

bene-善、福benefit

eu-优、美好eugenics(优生学),euphemism

male-,mal-恶、不良maltreatment,malodor

macro-大、宏大macroscopic(宏观)

magni-大magnificent

micro-微microscope

第13节表示术语的前缀

前缀含义举例aud-听、声audience

bio-生命、生物biography

ge-地球、大地geography

phon-声、音调phonograph

tele-远离television,telephone

=======================================第二章英语单词构词法——后缀第1节名词后缀

(1)具有某种职业或动作的人

后缀含义举例

-an,-ian……地方的人，精通……的人American,historian

-al具有……职务的人principal

-ant,-ent……者merchant,agent,servant,student

-ar……的人scholar,liar

-ard,-art做……的人coward,laggard,braggart

-arian……派别/主义的人，humanitarian,vegetarian

-ary从事……的人secretary,missionary

-ate具有……职责的人candidate,graduate

-ator做……的人educator,speculator

-crat某种政体、主义的支持者democrat,bureaucrat

-ee动作承受着employee,examinee

-eer从事于……的人engineer,volunteer

-er从事某职业的人，某地区、地方的人banker,observer,Londoner,villager

-ese……国人，……地方的人Japanese,Cantonese

-ess阴性人称名词actress,hostess,manageress

-eur……家amateur,litterateur

-ian……地方人，信仰……教的人，从事……职业的人Christian,physician,musician

-ician精通者，……家electrician,magician,technician

-icist……家，……者，……能手physicist,phoneticist,technicist

-ic……者，……师mechanic,critic

-ie爱称，指小diaries,auntie,lassie

-ier从事……职业cavalier,clothier,brazier

-ine,-ina阴性人称heroine,ballerina

-ist从事……研究者，信仰……主义者pianist,communist,dentist,artist,chemist

-ive动作者，行动者native,captive

-logist……学家，研究者biologist,geologist

-or……者author,doctor,operator

-ster做……事情的人youngerster,gamester,songster

-yer从事……职业者lawyer

(2)构成具有抽象名词的含义

后缀含义举例

-acy性质、状态、境遇accuracy,diplomacy

-age状态、行为、身份及结果、总称courage,storage,marriage

-al事物的动作、过程refusal,arrival,survival,denial表示具体的事物manual,signal,editorial,journal

-ance,-ence性质、状态、行为、过程、总量、程度endurance,importance,diligence,difference,obedience

-ancy,-ency性质、状态、行为、过程frequency,urgency,efficiency

-bility动作、性质、状态possibility,feasibility

-craft工艺、技巧woodcraft,handicraft,statecraft

-cracy统治、支配bureaucracy,democracy

-cy性质、状态、职位、级别bankruptcy,supremacy

-dom等级、领域、状态freedom,kingdom,wisdom

-ery,-ry行为、状态、习性bravery,bribery,rivalry

-ety性质、状态variety,dubiety

-faction,-facture作成，……化、作用satisfaction,manufacture

-hood资格、身份、年纪、状态childhood,falsehood

-ice行为、性质、状态notice,justice,service

-ine带有抽象概念medicine,discipline,famine

-ing动作的过程，结果building,writing,learning

-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition行为的过程、结果、状况action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction

-ise性质、状态exercise,merchandise

-ism制度、主义、学说、信仰、行为socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism

-ity性质、状态、程度purity,reality,ability,calamity

-ment行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument

-mony动作的结果、状态ceremony,testimony

-ness性质、状态、程度goodness,kindness,tiredness

-or,-our动作、性质、状态favor,error

-osity动作、状态curiosity

-ship情况、性质、技巧、技能及身份、职业hardship,membership,friendship

-th动作、性质、过程、状态depth,wealth,truth,length,growth

-tude性质、状态、程度latitude,altitude

-ure行为、结果exposure,pressure,failure

-y行为的结果、状态、性质glory,history,inquiry(3)带有场所、地方的含义

后缀含义举例

-age住所、地点village,cottage

-ary住所、场地library,granary

-ery,-ry工作场所、饲养地、地点laundry,nursery,surgery

-ory工作场所、住处factory,dormitory,laboratory(4)表示学术、科技含义

后缀含义举例

-grapy……学，写法biography,calligraphy,geography

-ic,-ics……学，……法logic,mechanics,optics

-ology……学，……论biology,zoology,technology

-nomy……学，……术astronomy,economy

-ery学科、学术chemistry,cookery,machinery

-y……学，术，法photography,philosophy

(5)表示人和事物的总和，集合含义

后缀举例

-agebaggage,tonnage

-domnewspaperdom

-hoodneighbourhood,womanhood

-rycavalry,ministry

-urelegislature,judicature(6)表示物品和物质名称的含义

后缀举例

-ant,-entsolvent,constant

-alsignal,pictorial

-arcollar,pillar

-erboiler,computer,washer,cooker

-erydrapery

-ingclothing,matting

-mentinstrument,equipment,attachment(7)表示“细小”的意思

后缀举例

-cleparticle

-culemolecule

-elparcel

-enchicken,maiden

-etpocket,ticket

-etta,-ette,-ettocigarette

-kinnapkin

-lingduckling

-letbooklet

-ybaby,doggy第2节形容词后缀(1)带有“属性、倾向、相关”的含义

后缀举例

-able,-iblemovable,comfortable,applicable,visible,responsible

-alnatural,additional,educational

-an,-aneurban,suburban,republican

-ant,-entdistant,important,excellent

-arsimilar,popular,regular

-arymilitary,voluntary

-ic,-atic,-icalpolitic,systematic,physical

-inemasculine,feminine,marine

-ingmoving,touching,daring

-ishfoolish,bookish,selfish

-iveactive,impressive,decisive

-orysatisfactory,compulsory

-il,-ile,-eelfragile,genteel(2)表示“相像，类似”的含义

后缀举例

-ishboyish,childish

-esquepicturesque

-likemanlike,childlike

-lymanly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly

-sometroublesome,handsome

-ymilky,pasty(3)表示“充分的”含义

后缀举例

-fulbeautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful

-ousdangerous,generous,courageous,various

-entviolent(4)表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产的含义

后缀举例

-enwooden,golden,woolen

-ousgaseous

-ficscientific(5)表示方向的含义

后缀举例

-erneastern,western

-warddownward,forward(6)表示“倍数”的含义

后缀举例

-bledouble,treble

-pletriple

-foldtwofold,tenfold(7)表示“数量关系”的含义

后缀举例

-teenthirteen

-tyfifty

-thfourth,fiftieth(8)表示国籍、语种、宗教的含义

后缀举例

-anRoman,European

-eseChinese

-ishEnglish,Spanish(9)表示“比较程度”的含义

后缀举例

-ergreater

-ishreddish,yellowish

-esthighest

-mostforemost,topmost(10)其他的含义

后缀含义举例

-less否定countless,stainless,wireless

第3节动词后缀

后缀含义举例-ize,-ise做成，变成，……化modernize,mechanize,organize

-en是成为，引起，使有quicken,weaken,soften,harden

-fy使……化，使成beautify,purify,intensify,signify

-ish使，令finish,abolish,diminish,establish

-ate成为……，处理，作用separate,operate,indicate

第4节副词后缀

后缀举例-lypossibly,swiftly,simply

-ward,-wardsdownward,inwards,upward

-waysalways,sideways

-wiseotherwise,clockwise第三章英语单词构词法——词根

词根含义举例aer,ar空气，大气aeroplane,aerial

ag,act,ig做，动作active,agent,reaction

alt高altitude

alter,altern,altr其他，变更alternate

bio,bi,bion生物，生命biology,bionics

brev,bri,brief短brief,abbreviation,abridge

cap,capt,cept,cip取，获capture,except,concept,capacity

ced,ceed,cess行，让步proceed,succeed,excess

centr中心concentrate,eccentric

clain,claim呼喊claim,proclaim,exclaim

clos,clud闭合conclude,enclose,include

col,cult耕耘colony,cultivate,agriculture

cor,cord心cordial,record,accord

curr,cur,cour跑，动作current,occur,concurrence

dic,dict说，示dictate,edit,indicate,predict

doc,doct教doctor,document

duc,duct引导、传导introduce,produce,conduct

fact,fac,fect,dic,dit做，创造factory,effect,profit,faculty

fend,fens打，击defense,offence

fer搬运，转移ferry,transfer,defer

fin,finit终、极final,finish,confine

firm坚固firm,confirm,affirm

fix固定prefix,affix

flect,flex弯曲flexible,reflex

flor,flour,flower花flower,flourish

form形uniform,formula,transform,reform

forc,fort力，强度force,enforce,effort

gen,genit生产，发生generate,generation

gram,graph书写，记录telegram,diagram,photograph

grad,gress,gred,gree步，阶段gradually,degree,progress

hab,habit,hibit保持，住inhabit,exhibit,prohibit

her,hes粘附adhere,cohesion

ject,jet抛射project,inject

jour日，一天journal,adjourn,journey

jug,junct结合，连合conjunction,junction

labour,labor劳动，工作labourer,elabourate,collaborate

lect,leg,lig挑选，采集collect,select,lecture

lif,liv生活，生存life,alive

loc场所，位置location,dislocate

long,leng,ling长的length,prolong,linger

loqu,locut说话colloquial,eloquent

mand,mend命令command,demand,recommend

man,manu手，手法manage,manual

memor,member记忆memory,remember,memorial

mind,ment心mind,remind,mental

merc,merch贸易commerce,merchant

meas,mens,meter,metr测量，度量measure,meter,diameter

min小diminish,minority

miss,mit派遣，送mission,dismiss,transmit,missile

mob,mot,mov动movement,motion,mobile,remove

nect,nex捆扎connect,disconnect,annex

not记号，注意note,denote,annotation

onom,onym名字synonym,autonym,anonymous

pair,par相同，对等compare准备prepare

pel,puls追逐expel,impel

pend,pens,poud悬挂depend,independent,expense

phon声音symphony,telephone,microphone

plac位置，场所place,replace

peopl,popul,publ人