2023学年完整公开课版【知识讲解】Unit 8 Vocabulary Learning

VocabularyLearning—construction【释义】n.athingthathasbeenbuiltormade建筑物theprocessormethodofbuildingormakingsth建造；建筑【例句】The

summer

house

was

a

simple

wooden

construction.

那座避暑别墅是简单的木结构建筑。Therailwayisstillunderconstruction.这条铁路仍在建设之中。Work

has

begun

on

the

construction

of

the

new

airport.新机场的修建已经开工。【同根词】constructv.建造，修建，创建【熟词生义】Thenovelisconstructedfromon-the­-spotreports._________【语境活用】Thegreatbridgeunder_____________isdesignedbyChineseengineersanditwilltakeaboutayearto__________thelargebridge.(construct)construction/kənˈstrʌkʃn/construction

construct

构思

VocabularyLearning—contradictory【释义】adj.two

statements,

beliefsetcthatarecontradictoryaredifferentandthereforecannotbothbetrueor

correct相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的【例句】Thepublicisbeingfedcontradictorymessagesabouttheeconomy.公众得到的有关经济的信息相互矛盾。The

advice

I

received

was

often

contradictory.

我所得到的建议常常是相互矛盾的。【同根词】contradictv.相矛盾，相反【常用搭配】[contradictoryto]Freedomanddisciplinearenotcontradictorytoeachother.自由与纪律并不对立。contradictory/ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri/VocabularyLearning—crime【释义】n.anillegalactoractivitythatcanbepunishedbylaw罪；罪行activitiesthatinvolvebreakingthelaw犯罪活动【例句】Themassacrewasacrimeagainsthumanity.这场大屠杀是一桩反人类的罪行。Storesspendmoreandmoreoncrimepreventioneveryyear.商店每年在防止犯罪方面的花费越来越多。

The

police

are

planning

tougher

measures

to

combat

crime.警方正计划采取更严厉的措施打击犯罪。【常用搭配】[commitacrime]Canyoubelievethatsuchayoungboywillcommitacrime?.你能相信这样一个小男孩会犯罪吗？【同根词】criminaladj.犯罪的；犯法的；n.罪犯【语境活用】This

is

a

_________(crime)

waste

of

resources.

crime/kraɪm/criminalVocabularyLearning—desperation【释义】n.it

isthefeelingwhenyouareinsuchabadsituationthatyouwilltryanythingtochangeit.绝望；拼命；不顾一切【例句】In

desperation,

she

called

Louise

and

asked

for

her

help.

在走投无路的情况下，她给路易丝打了个电话请她帮忙。There

was

a

note

of

desperation

in

his

voice.

听他的语气他急得要命。The

huge

debt

drove

him

to

desperation.

巨额债务逼得他陷入绝望。【同根词】desperateadj.不顾一切的；令人绝望的【语境活用】This

feeling

of____________(desperate)

and

helplessness

was

common

to

most

of

the

refugees.Ourcircumstancesareso_________(desperate)thatitisuncertainwhetherwewilleverreturnalive.desperation/ˌdespəˈreɪʃn/desperationdesperateVocabularyLearning—ease【释义】v.tobecomeortomakesthlessunpleasant,painful,severe,etc.（使）宽慰；减轻；缓解n.lackofdifficulty容易thestateoffeelingrelaxedorcomfortablewithoutworries,problemsorpain舒适；自在【例句】Thisshouldhelpeasethepain.这该有助于减轻痛苦。Theeasewithwhichshelearnslanguagesisastonishing.她学习语言之轻松令人惊讶。Allimportantpointsarenumberedforeaseofreference.全部重点均编了号码以便查阅。【常用搭配】[atease]Hislegswereweary,buthismindwasatease.他的双腿很疲乏，但心情舒畅。ease/iːz/VocabularyLearning—emotional【释义】adj.connectedwithpeople’sfeelings情感的，情绪的；showingstrongemotions,sometimesinawaythatotherpeoplethinkisunnecessary情绪激动的，感情冲动的【例句】Theyoffereachotheremotionalsupport.他们相互提供感情上的支持。Hegotveryemotionalwhenwehadtoleave,andstartedtocry.当我们不得不离开时，他情绪异常激动，忍不住哭了起来。【同根词】emotionn.感情，情绪【常用搭配】[emotionalsupport]Apersonwhoprovidesencouragementandemotionalsupportisatruefriend.能给予鼓励和情感支持的人才是真正的朋友。emotional/ɪˈməʊʃənəl/VocabularyLearning—fantasy【释义】n.aproductofyourimagination幻想作品apleasantsituationthatyouimaginebutthatisunlikelytohappen幻想；想象【例句】There

was

no

real

barrier

between

reality

and

fantasy

in

his

mind.

在他的头脑中，现实与幻想之间没有真正的界线。Stop

living

in

a

fantasy

world.

别再生活在幻想世界中了。Her

books

are

usually

escapist

fantasies.

她的书通常是逃避现实的幻想作品。【同根词】fantasticadj.了不起的；荒诞的【文化金句】TherearemanystoriesaboutBritain’sancientKingArthur,sometrue,somejustfantasy.关于英国古代亚瑟王的故事有很多，有些是真的，有些是假的。fantasy/ˈfæntəsi/VocabularyLearning—forgive【释义】v.tostopblamingorbeingangrywithsomeoneforsomethingthatpersonhasdone,ornotpunishthemforsomething原谅；宽恕【例句】I’dneverforgivemyselfifanythinghappenedtothekids.要是孩子们有个三长两短，我永远也不会原谅自己。Forgivemeforasking,buthowmuchdidyoupayforyourbag?请原谅我问一下，你的包花了多少钱？【常用搭配】[…+aloan/debt]ThenewprogramwouldforgivestateloanstonewgraduateswhoteachinNebraska.在一个新的项目中，前往内布拉斯加教书的大学毕业生可免还政府贷款。【同义词】pardonv.原谅，赦免，宽恕【同根词】forgivenessn.原谅，宽恕forgive/fəˈɡɪv/VocabularyLearning—frozen【释义】adj.(ofrivers,lakes,etc.)withalayeroficeonthesurface（河、湖等）冰封的；封冻的；结冰的

keptataverylowtemperatureinordertopreserveit冷冻的；冷藏的【例句】It

was

so

cold

that

the

stream

had

frozen

solid.

天气很冷，小河结冰了。You

can

use

fresh

or

frozen

meat.你可以使用新鲜或冷冻的肉。【同根词】freezev.使冻结；使结冰freezingadj.极冷的The

cold

weather

had

frozen

the

ground.寒冷的天气使地面结了冰。【语境活用】Inthis__________weather,twomenwere__________todeathonthemountain.(freeze)frozen/ˈfrəʊzn/freezingfrozenVocabularyLearning—mystery【释义】n.somethingthatisdifficulttounderstandortoexplain难以理解的事物；奥秘astoryinwhichcrimesandstrangeeventsareonlyexplainedattheend悬疑故事【例句】Itisoneofthegreatunsolvedmysteriesofthiscentury.这是本世纪最大的未解之谜之一。It

was

a

place

of

deep

mystery

and

enchantment.

这是一个极其神秘和迷人的地方。Ienjoymurdermysteries.我喜欢凶杀奇案作品。【同根词】mysteriousadj.神秘的；奇怪的；不易解释的【语境活用】Despite

years

of

study,

sleepwalking

remains

a________(mystery).He

tried

to

convince

this___________(mystery)womantogooutwithhim.mystery/ˈmɪstri/mystery

mysteriousVocabularyLearning—nevertheless【释义】adv.despitesth.thatyouhavejustmentioned尽管如此，不过，然而【例句】Ourdefeatwasexpected.

Nevertheless,

itwasdisappointing.我们的失败是意料中的事。尽管如此，还是令人失望。Wecan’ttakeyouradvice.Nevertheless,thankyouforputtingit.我们不能接受您的建议。不过，谢谢您提出意见。【词语辨析】nevertheless,but,however,while,yet这组词都有“但是，可是，然而，而”的意思，其区别是：nevertheless指尽管作出完全让步，也不会发生任何影响；but口语常用词，语气较强，泛指与前述情况相反；however表转折关系，语气稍弱于but，连接性也弱一些，因而常作插入语；while表对比，一般可与whereas换用，但程度弱一些；yet常用于否定句，指不管作出多大努力或让步，仍达不到预期的结果。nevertheless/ˌnevəðəˈles/VocabularyLearning—noble【释义】adj.havingfinepersonalqualitiesthatpeopleadmire高尚的；崇高的belongingtoafamilyofhighsocialrank贵族的【例句】

She

is

of

noble

blood.她有贵族血统。I

wanted

so

much

to

believe

he

was

pure

and

noble.

我非常愿意相信他是纯洁高尚的。

We’llalwaysjustifyouractionswithnoblesoundingtheories.我们将始终用崇高的理论思想指导我们的行动。【同根词】nobilityn.贵族；高贵的品质【文化金句】LeiFengwasbuiltupasagoodexampletotheChinesepeopletobecheerfullyselflessandnobleinthought.雷锋被树立为中国人民无私、高尚品德的好榜样。noble/ˈnəʊbl/VocabularyLearning—poison【释义】n.asubstancethatcausesdeathorharmifitisswallowedorabsorbedintothebody毒药；毒物；毒素v.toharmorkillapersonorananimalbygivingthempoison毒害【例句】It

was

found

that

her

blood

contained

poison.

发现她的血液中有毒素。The

substance

has

been

scheduled

as

a

poison.

这种物质已被列为毒物。The

police

suspected

poisoning.警方怀疑有人下毒。【同根词】poisonousadj.引起中毒的；有毒的【语境活用】Thejournalistwasinformedthatmanypeopleinthevillagewere__________becausetheyhadeatenthe___________mushroomsandthatheshouldgotheretolookintoitthoroughly.(poison)poison/ˈpɔɪzn/poisonedpoisonousVocabularyLearning—preservation【释义】n.theactofkeepingsthinitsoriginalstate保护；维护；保存

theactofmakingsurethatsthiskept维持；保持

【例句】

The

paintings

were

in

an

excellent

state

of

preservation.这些绘画保存得非常好。Our

ultimate

goal

must

be

the

preservation

of

the

environment.我们的最终目的必须是环境保护。The

central

issue

in

the

strike

was

the

preservation

of

jobs.

罢工的核心问题是工作职位的保留。【同根词】preservev.保护；维护；保存

n.保护区【语境活用】Asweallknow,thepoliceareresponsibleforthe_______________(preserve)oflawandorder.Oursuggestionsarethatthesetraditionalcustomsshouldbe___________(preserve)andhandeddownonegenerationafteranother.preservation/ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/

preservation

preservedVocabularyLearning—romance【释义】n.anexciting,usuallyshort,relationshipbetweentwopeoplewhoareinlovewitheachother爱情故事；罗曼史loveorthefeelingofbeinginlove爱情【例句】Themoviemixeshumorwithromance.那部电影把幽默和浪漫结合在一起。She’sacompulsivereaderofromances.她热衷于阅读爱情故事。Howcanyouputtheromancebackintoyourmarriage?你怎样才能使婚姻再次充满浪漫感情呢？【文化金句】KnowingthatyouarefondofancientChineseculture,IamdeterminedtorecommendtheChineseclassicsTheRomanceoftheThreeKingdomswrittenbyLuoGuanzhongtoyou.知道你喜欢中国古代文化，我决定向你推荐罗贯中的中国古典名著《三国演义》。romance/rəʊˈmæns/VocabularyLearning—stare【释义】v.tolookatsb/sthforalongtime凝视，盯着看【例句】Istaredblanklyatthepaperinfrontofme.我茫然地看着面前这张纸。Bencontinuedtostareoutthewindow.

本继续凝视着窗外。【常用搭配】[+atsb/sth]Tamarastaredathimindisbelief,shakingherhead.

塔玛拉摇着头不相信地盯着他看。【同义词】gaze,peer,glaregaze尤指吃惊、爱恋或深思地凝视、注视、盯着；peer尤指看不清楚时仔细看、端详；glare指怒目而视。stare

/steə/VocabularyLearning—stimulating【释义】adj.fullofin