新概念英语第二册语法总结：非谓语动词之分词

新概念英语第二册语法总结：非谓语动词之分词具有形容词性质，可以在句中担当表语、定语、宾补、状语，现在分词表示主动，且动作在进展：过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。

2．分词的形式：

例：write(vt)rise(vi)

主动语态被动语态主动过去分词

时态

现在时writingbeingwrittenrisingrisen

完成时havingwrittenhavingbeenwrittenhavingrisen

3．用法：

（1）定语分词置于被修饰名词前

分词短语于置于被修饰名词后

asleepingbaby=ababywhoissleeping

arunningdog=adogwhichisrunning

abrokenglass=aglasswhichisbroken

abeatenteam=ateamwhichisbeaten（beaten是被战胜的意思）

Thisistheproblemdiscussedatthelastmeeting.

Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

（2）表语：

Thebookisinteresting.

Heisinterestedinthebook.

Thenewsisexciting.

Hefeelsexcited.

（3）宾语补足语：

WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmymothersittingbesideme.

I”dliketohavethispackageweighed.

把握精华：动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程，而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进展；过去分词表示被动概念。

（4）状语：（以下例句值得一背！）

①Ifyouturntotheleft,you”llfindthestation.

→Turningtotheleft,you”llfindthestation.

②AsIdidn”treceiveherletter,Icalledherupbytelephone.

→Notreceivingherletter,Icalledherupbytelephone.

③WhileIwaswalkingtoschoolyesterdaymorning,Imetafriend.

→Walkingtoschoolyesterdaymorning,Imetafriend.

④Whenshewasaskeditshehadanybadhabit,sheansweredthatshewasaheavysmoker.

→Askedifshehadanybadhabit,sheansweredthatshewasaheavysmoker.

你知道吗？留意：在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持全都。

①Whenschoolwasover,theboyswenthome.

→Beingover,theboyswenthome.×

Schoolbeingover,theboyswenthome.√

②Asmyhomeworkhasbeendone,Ihavenothingelsetodo.

→Myhomeworkhavingbeendone,Ihavenothingelsetodo.

③Ifweatherpermits,I”llstarttomorrow.

→Weatherpermitting,I”llstarttomorrow.

4．分词的时态：

现在分词一般时表示此动作与主句谓语动词同时发生。

现在分词完成时表示此动作在主句谓语动词之前发生。

Enteringtheroom,hesawhe.（几乎同时）

Nothavingtriedhisbest,hefailedintheexam.（分词动作在前）

5．语态：现在分词一般时被动表动作正在被进展，完成时被动强调分词所表示的动作先被完成。

Theshipsbeingloadedandunloadedbelongtous.

Havingbeenwarnedoftyphoon,thefishermensailedforthenearestharbor.（渔民先被告知而后驶向港口）

测试精编

1.The________newsmadethem________.

A.excite/excitingB.exciting/excited

C.exciting/tobeexcitedD.excited/excited

2.________ananswerfromthecommittee,hewasworried.

A.HavingnotgotB.Gettingnot

C.NothavinggotD.Havingnotbeengot

3.________,allthequarrelscametoanend.

A.ThelostmoneywasfoundB.Wasthelostmoneyfound

C.BecausethelostmoneyfoundD.Withthelostmoneyfound

4.Manyofourdreams________impossibleinthepasthavecometrue.

A.wereconsideredB.tobeconsidered

C.consideringD.considered

5.Thehallwassonoisyforthespeakertomakehimself________.

A.hearB.beingheardC.hearingD.heard

6.Afterawholeday”sheavywork,theoldworkerreturnedhome,________.

A.hungryandexhaustedB.