2015长喜英语四级经典夜读美文

TOC\o"1-1"\h\z\uDon’tBeAfraidto Wealthand HowNatureSimplifyOur NegotiationonYour Don’tBeAfraidtoSomeyearsagoIwasofferedawritingassignmentthatwouldrequirethreemonthsoftravelthroughEurope.Ihadbeenabroadacoupleoftimes,butIcouldhardlyclaimtoknowmywayaroundthecontinent.Moreover,myknowledgeofforeignlanguageswaslimitedtoalittlecollegeFrench.Ihesitated.HowwouldI,unabletospeakthelanguage,totallyunfamiliarwithlocalgeographyortransportsystems,setupinterviewsanddoresearch?Itseemedimpossible,andwithconsiderableregretIsatdowntowritealetterbeggingoff.Halfwaythrough,athoughtranthroughmymind:youcan’tlearnifyoudon’ttry.SoIacceptedtheassignment.Thereweresomebadmoments.ButbythetimeIhadfinishedthetripIwasanexperiencedtraveller.Andeversince,Ihaveneverhesitatedtoheadforeventhemostremoteofces,withoutguidesorevenadvancedbookings,confidentthatsomehowIwill1Thepointisthatthenew,thedifferent,isalmostbydefinitionscary.Buteachtimeyoutrysomething,youlearn,andasthelearningpilesup,theworldopenstoyou.I’velearnedtoskiat40,andflownuptheRhineRiverinaballoon.AndIknowI’llgoonngsuchthings.It’snotbecauseI’mbraverormoredaringthanothers.I’mnot.ButI’llacceptanxietyasanothernameforchallengeandIbelieveIcan 尝2 比别人更或更胆大。并不是这样。把担心看作是的孪生兄弟，而且，我相信，我能创造奇3Abooklesslifeisan pletelife.Booksinfluencethedepthandbreadthoflife.Theymeetthenaturaldesirefor dom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturnnaturallytobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,theireagernesstoshareintheexperiencesofothersandtheirneedtoescapefromtheirownlimitedenvironmentleadthemtofindinbooksfoodforthemindandthespirit.Throughtheirreadingtheyfindadeepersignificancetolifeasbooksacquaintthemwithlifeintheworldasitwasanditisnow.Theyarepresentedwithadiversityofhumanexperiencesandcometorespectotherwaysofthoughtandliving.Andwhileestablishingtheirownrelationshipsandresponsestolife,thereadersoftenfindthatthecharactersintheirstoriesaregoingthroughsimilaradjustments,whichhelptoclarifyandgivesignificancetotheir4Booksprovideabundantmaterialforreaders’imaginationtogrow.Imaginationisavaluablequalityandamotivatingpower,andstimulatesachievement.Whileenrichingtheirimagination,bookswidentheiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisureproperly.Thesocialandeducationalsignificanceofthereaders’bookscannotbeoverestimatedinanacademiclibrary.书没有书籍的人生是不完整的人生。书籍影响人生的深度和广度。书籍能满足人们对自由、表达、创造力和生命之美的自然追求。因此，学者必须有书，而且是那些能满足他们需要的正确类型的书。读者，很自然地，也需要书籍。因为他们对各种事物的好奇；因为他们渴望别人的感受；因为他们需要从自己有限的环境里脱离出来。因此他们把书籍当作精神和思想的食粮。通过阅读，书籍使他们了解的过去和现在，同时他们对生活也就有了更深的了解。展现在他们面前的是各种各样的人生经验，这使得他5 6WealthandYouheartherefrainallthetime:theUSeconomylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的)SocietybyJoneKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecause condition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote. Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarⅡ,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom. Inthe1930sunemployment averaged18.2percent,inthe1950sitwas4.5percent. had companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingsdidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuch7 ernmentas“anecessaryIt’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well, undeserving period,mostpeople’s esareincreasing.From erose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrising esoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,more Theothergreaterfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfear e“thedisposableAmerican”asLouis8UchileputsitinhisbookbythesameBecausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocial widespreadaffluencesuggestedutopian( possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff. y,affluencealsocreatescomintsandAdvancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesand sthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity(肥胖症).Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwith Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoes9notalwaysendwith与 到1958年 的约•肯• 布雷思，享年97岁。 被经济繁荣所代替。在20世纪3018.2%2050年代达到4.5%。在布雷思看来，物质已失去理智，并将会繁衍出不满。公司通过让顾客来他们每个人达到小康的花费正在被削减，因为人们本能地且错误地仅仅视为“一个必要之恶”不是原地踏步就是。然而，却有许多不配富有的富人—例如，高的执行官。但是经过一段重要的达到43200 。人们感到“手头拮据”，因为他们增加的收入经常不能满足他们日益增长的需要—要更大的房子，的健康护理，的教育，更快的网络。怕他们成为“可有可无的人”，就像•尤奇 来结果的选择，包括家庭破裂和肥胖症。 HowNatureSimplifyOurI’veheardfromandtalkedtomanypeoplewhodescribedhowMotherNaturesimplifiedtheirlivesforthem.They’dlosttheirhomeandmanyoralloftheirpossessionsthroughfires,floods,earthquakes,orsomeotherdisaster.Losingeverythingyouownundersuchcircumstancescanbedistressing,butthepeopleI’veheardfromallsawtheirloss,ultimay,asablessing.“Thefiresavedustheagonyofdecidingwhattokeepandwhattogetridof,”onewomanwrote.Andonceallthosethingswerenolongerthere,sheandherhusbandsawhowtheyhadweighedthemdownandcomplicatedtheirlives.“Therewassomuchstuffweneverusedandthatwasjusttakingupspace.Wevowedwhenwestartedover,we’dreceonlywhatweneeded,andthistimewe’ddoitright.We’vekeptourpromise:wedon’thavemuchnow,butwhatwehaveisexactlywhatweThoughwe’veneverhadacatastrophiclossasthat,GibbsandIdidhaveaclosecallshortlybeforewedecidedtosimplify.Atthattimewelivedinafirezone.Onenightafirestormragedthroughanddestroyedoversixhundredhomesinourcommunity.Thattragedygaveustheopportunitytolookobjectivelyatthegoodswe’daccumulated.Wesawthattherewassomuchwecouldgetridofandnotonlynevermiss,butbebetteroffwithout.Havingalmostlostitall,wefounditmucheasiertoletgoofthethingsweknewwe’dneveruseagain.Obviously,there’satremendousdifferencebetweengettingridofpossessionsandlosingthemthroughanaturaldisasterwithouthavingasayinthematter.Andthisisnottominimisethetragedyandpainsuchalosscangenerate.Butyoumightthinkabouthowyouwouldapproachtheacquisitionprocessifyouhadittodoalloveragain.Lookaroundyourhomeandmakealistofwhatyouwouldrece.Makeanotherlistofthingsyouwouldn’tagainnomatterwhat,andinfactwouldbehappyberidWhenyou’rereadytostartunloadingsomeyourstuff,thatlistwillbea ceto自然大火、洪水、或其他一些中丢掉了房子和他 写道：“大火使我免去了决定保留什么尽管我们从来没有遇到过那种性的损失，但是在 的物品。然后列一个你想要更新的物品。另外一个列出不管发生什么情况你都不想再当你已经准备好要扔掉一些东西时，这个NegotiationonYourItiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinside,theorganisationalconstraints(约束)influencewageincreases.Onething,however,iscertain:yourchancesofgettingtheraiseyoufeelyoudeservearelessifyoudon’tatleastaskforit.Mentendtoaskformore,andtheygetmore,andthisholdstruewithotherresources,notjustpayincreases.ConsiderBeth’sstory:IdidnotgetwhatIwantedwhenIdidnotaskforit.Wehadcubicle(间)officesandwindowoffices.Isatinthecubicleswithseveralmalecolleagues.Onebyonetheyweremovedintowindowoffices,whileIremainedinthecubicles.Severalmaleswhowerehiredaftermealsowenttooffices.Oneinparticulartoldmehewasnextinlineforanofficeandthatithadbeenpartofhisnegotiationsforthejob.IguesstheythoughtmecontenttostayinthecubiclessinceIdidnotvoicemyopinioneitherway.Itwouldbeniceifweallreceivedautomaticincreasesequaltoourmerit,but“nice”isn’taattributedtomostorganisations.Ifyoufeelyoudeserveasignificantraiseinpay,you’llprobablyhavetoaskforit.Performanceisyourbestbargainingchip(筹码)whenyouareseekingaraise.Youmustbeabletodemonstratethatyoudeservearaise.Timingisalsoagoodbargainingchip.Ifyoucangiveyourbosssomethingheorsheneeds(anew orasizablecontract,forexample)justbeforemeritpaydecisionsarebeingmade,youaremorelikelytogettheraiseyouwant.Useinformationasabargainingchiptoo.Findoutwhatyouareworthontheopenmarket.Whatwillsomeoneelsepayforyourservices?Gointothenegotiationpreparedtoceyourchipsonthetableattheappropriatetimeandpreparedtousecommunicationstyletoguidethedirectionoftheinction.工资得的加薪的可能性就比较小。通常要求得多一些，还反映在其他资源的分配上。咱们来听听的故事：过去，我没有提出要求，我也没有得到要的。我们那儿有办公间和有窗户的。我当时和几个男同事坐在间办公。后来，一个又一个地，他们都搬进有窗户的，而我还坐在隔间。有几个比我晚进公司的男同事也进了。一个同事特意告诉我说下一个搬进的人是他，这是他开始谈判工作的时候就定下来的。他们认为我坐在隔间的他或她所需要的东西（比如说：一个新客户或你的工作值，别的公司会付给你多少薪水。要Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeel fortableandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologise,evenwhenadevastating()tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingfromrecentstudiesofcryingbehaviour,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbeHumansaretheonlyanimalsdefiniyknowntoshedemotionaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponses,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedcryingisawaytoelicitassistancefromothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingtearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention.So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.Indeed,thenew