月qkw六级完毕电子版年圈考王

PartPart 30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayoninspirationandActionalwaysgeneratesinspiration”Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexinwhatyouwilldotodevelopyourinspirationandhowyoucanmakeuseofyourinspiration,Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.YoushouldwriteitontheANSWERSHEETT1.PartPart Listening 30SectionALongDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEETT1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust1.A. B.Business C.Business D.Marketing2.A.BusinessWritingandSocial B.WritingandSocialC.ProjectsandAcademic D．WritingStudySkillsandSocial3.A.Everymorningand B.EveryafternoonexceptC.Fivemorningsandfour D.Everydayofthe4.A.social B.Study C.Business D.AcademicQuestions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust5.A.Sheattendedoneofits B.HerroommatewasoneofitsC.Shesawitsmembers D.shereadaboutitinthe6.A.SecuremorestudentparkingB.PreserveanopenspaceonC.GetmorefundingfortheirD.Scheduleameetingwithcollege7.A.Goto B.Goon C.Attenda D.Attendthe8.A.Helpthemannastudent B.UsethestudentparkingC.Makeadonationtosupportthe D.SignaSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththepassagesandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEETT1withasinglelinethroughtheQuestions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust9.A.ToexinanewrequirementforB.TointereststudentsinacommunityserviceC.TodiscusstheproblemsofuniversityD.Torecruitelementaryschoolteachersforaspecial10.A.HegivesadvicetotutorsparticipatingintheB.Heteachespart-timeinanelementaryC.HeobservesuniversitystudentsintheD.Hehelpsstudentspreparetheir11.A.ContacttheStudents' B.SignupforaspecialC.Submitaresumetothe D.TalktoProfessorQuestions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust12.A.TheOxygenlevelinthe B.TheangleofthetreadC.Theweightsonthe DThetemperatureofthe13.A.BecausewalkingonMarswillbeeasierthanwalkingontheB.BecausethereismoregravityontheMoonthanonC.BecausewalkingquicklywillbemoredifficultonMarsthanontheD.BecauseastronautsonMarswillrequiremoreoxygenthanonthe14.A.Theytookshortandquick B.TheywerepulledoffthetreadC.Theylosttheir D.Theytooklongerandcoordinated15.A.MartianspacesuitswillhavelargerairB.MartianspacesuitswillbeequippedwithspecialC.MartianspacesuitswillbemoreD.MartianspacesuitswillbelessSectionorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeyedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEETT1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions16to19arebasedontherecordingortalkyouhavejust16.A.TheydescribehowhabitsaffectourB.TheyareonissuesfacingofficeworkersC.TheyinvestigatethefunctionsoftheD.Theyrevealhawmemoriesare17.A.Itenabledtheresearcherstotrackparticipants'B.ItprovidedexcitingimagesoffamouspeopleandC.Itstimulatedvolunteers'memoriesofagivenD.Itcausedsubjectstoforgettheirmemoriesfara18.A.BecausetheycouldbringaspecialfeelingtotheB.BecausetheycouldproduceadesirableexperimentalC.Becausetheycouldstimulateparticipants'boldD.Becausetheycouldevokesweetmemoriesinpeople's19.A.WordstriggeramemorybetterthanimagesandB.ForgettingcausedbyrememberingoccursinanC.BrainactivityissuppressedwhenpicturesareD.TheresearcherscanwatchhowthebrainsuppressQuestions20to22arebasedontherecordingortalkyouhavejust20.A.ItmakesmorechildrenunderfivesufferfromdiseasesrelatedwithB.ItmakesabouttwobillionpeoplediefromdiarrheaeachC.ItleadstopoorqualityoflifeandenvironmentalhealthD.ItslowstheeconomicgrowthofthewholeA.TheboomingeconomyhelpsallthepeopleinshakeoffB.TherapidurbanizationisthebiggestobstaclehinderingitsfurtherC.isboundtoembracearapideconomicdevelopmentD.ernmentshouldputthepriorityonsanitationandcleanwaterfareconomicA.ItwillshareexpertiseandglobalpracticeswithotherpartnersabouturbanwaterandItwillhelpbringcleanwaterandsanitationservicestoallItwilldemonstrateinnovativemodelsinenvironmentalpollutionandItwillprovidefundstosupportwaterandsanitationeffortsinQuestions23to25arebasedontherecordingortalkyouhavejustA.TheycouldpaylesshousingrentinTheyencounteredlanguageandculturalbarriersTheywantedtoexperienceTheycouldgeternmentsubsidybylivingA.TheyntorenttheirhousestonewTheyaregoingtoselltheirTheymayrecetheirhouseswithhigh-riseTheyintendtokeeptheirhousesforprivateA.townisimportantinpreservingtownisadvantageoustothe5ino-foreignculturaltownishelpfultospreadtowncanmakeabroadexperiencePartPart Reading 40 Directions:Inthissection，thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter. PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonANSWERSHEET2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.YoumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingInthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury,manycountriesoftheSouthbegantosendstudentstotheindustrializedcountriesforfurthereducation.They26neededsofhighlytrained nelto27conceptofdevelopmentbasedonmodernization.ButmanyofthesestudentsdecidedtostayoninthedevelopedcountrieswhentheyhadfinishedtheirInthe1960s,someLatinAmericancountriestriedtosolvethisproblembysettingupspecial"return"programstoencouragetheirprofessionalstocomebackhome.TheseprogramsreceivedsupportfrominternationalbodiessuchastheinternationalorganizationforMigration,whichin1974enabledover160028scientistsandtechnicianstoreturntoLatinAmerica.Inthe1980sand1990s,"temporaryreturn"programsweresetupinordertomakethebestuseoftrained nel29strategicpositionsinthedevelopedcountries.ThisgaverisetotheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram'sTransferofKnowledgethroughExpatriateNationals,whichencouragestechniciansandscientiststoworkintheirowncountriesforshortperiods.ButtheGraindrainfromthesecountriesmaywellincreasein30tothenewlawsoftheinternationalmarketinknowledge.Recentstudies31thatthemostdevelopedcountriesaregoingtoneedmoreandmorehighlyqualifiedprofessionalsaroundtwiceasmanyastheireducationalsystemswillbeabletoproduce,orsoitisthought.Asa32thereisanurgentneedfordevelocountrieswhichsendstudentsabroadtogive33tofieldswheretheyneedcompetentpeopletogivemuscletotheirowninstitutions,insteadofencouragingthetrainingofpeoplewhomaynotcomebackbecausetherearenoprofessionaloutletsforthem.AndthecountriesoftheSouthmustnotbecontentwithinstitutionalstructuresthatsimplytakebackprofessionalssentabroad;theymustintroduce34administrativeprocedurestoencouragethemtoreturn.Iftheydonotdothis,thebraindrainis35tocontinue.A.D,G.J.M.B.E.H.K.N.C,I.L.D.SectionDirections:Inthissection，youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEET2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.FlexibleStudyfortheFutureForabriefperiod,thepopularimageoftheuniversitystudentwasembodiedbySebastianofBridesheadRevisited:18-yearsold,male,privileged,andreadytospendthreeyearsinoneoftheworld'smosteliteinstitutions.Buttheideaofatypicalstudentnolongerholds:today'sstudentsarejustaslikelytobefemale,orolder,orfromoverseas,orstudyingpart-timewhileholdingdownafull-timejob.Traditionalmodelsofprovision(供给)nolongerworkforthesestudents.Buthowcanuniversitiesadapttomeettheirneeds--andtheneedsofthemodernglobaleconomy?ConditionsofFlexibilitypublishedbyProfessorRonBarnett,looksathowuniversitiescanoffermoreflexiblestructuresandtheconditionsunderwhichflexibilitycanflourishUsingthereportasastartingpoint,arecentGuardianroundtable(圆桌会议)sponsoredbytheHigherEducationAcademybroughttogetheragroupofexpertsandseniormanagersinhighereducationtodiscussthefutureofflexiblelearning.Theroundtableheardthatflexibilityisanessentialpartofamodernhighereducationsystem."The22stcenturyiscallingfornewkindsof swhocanadaptandrespondflexiblytotheextraordinarychallengesweseedayinanddayout,"saidoneparticipant.Thechallengeishowtomeettheneedsofthosestudentswithoutlosinginternalintegrity,heargued.ManyuniversitiesareworkinghardtodevelopflexibleapproachesthatmatchstudentstotheemploymentneedsoftheeconomyOneparticipantdescribedhowheruniversityworkswithlocalemployerstocreatetailoredprogramsforindividuals."Studentswillcomeintotalkabouttheiraspirations,theirpastexperiences,theirqualifications,theirjobs,andacustomizedopportunitywillbecreatedforthem,whichwillpickupmodules(模块)andputthemintoaspecialpackageforthatindividualstudent,"shesaid.Whileuniversitiesareencouragedtothinkinamorefocusedfashionaboutthespecificrequirementsoftheworkce,manyalsowanttoequipstudentswithabroaderrangeofskillsthatenablethemtoadapttothedemandsofarapidlychangingworld.Somedegreeprogramsaremovingawayfromthetraditionalmodular(模块的，分单元的)approach--whereundergraduatesmighttake1Dshortmodulesayear--toasystemoflongercourses.Oneparticipantsaidthatherinstitutionhasbuiltflexibilityintothisnewmodel:"Astudentmightbeaskedtoundertakeaparticularactivitydesignedtodevelopaparticularaspectoftheirskills—maybetheircriticalthinkingortheiremployabilityskills--buttheycanchoosewheretheydoitwithintheframeworkoftheirdisciplineAnimmunology免疫学)student,forexample,couldchoosetoapplytheirskillstoHIV/Aidsorheartdisease.Flexibilityisalsobeingintroducedintoassessment.Atoneuniversity,studentsonaparticularmaster'sprogramtakefivemodules,eachofwhichcanbeassessedinfivedifferentwaysandstudentschoosewhichassessmentmethodtheypreferforeachmodule. Anotherparticipantdescribedtheexperimentalintroductioninonedegreecourseofanoptionthatenablesstudentstostudythesamemoduletwice,"inordertolearnbetterordifferentlythantheydidthefirsttime",withstudentsbeingassessedseparayeachtime.Theroundtablealsoheardabouttheroletechnologycanyinprovidingstudentswithgreaterflexibilityinhowtheylearn.oneparticipanttalkedabouthisuniversity'suseof"lecturecapture”—recordinglecturessothatstudentscouldwatchthemagain,aninnovationthathasbeenembracedwithenthusiasmbybothstaffandstudents.Otherparticipantsarguedforamoveawayfromthedidactic(的)approachofthe50-minutelecturealtogetherandinfavorofmoreactivemethodsofteaching.Onespokeofamaster'scourseinwhichpsychologystudentslearningtobeexpertwitnessesworkedwithlawstudentsandcomputersciencestudentsonasimulatedcriminaltrialofamurdercase."Itendedupbeinganincrediblyrichmulti-professionalexperiencethatmimic(模仿)therealworld,"shesaid.Perhapsoneofthebiggestflexiblelearninginnovationshasbeentheintroductionofmassiveopenonlinecourses(Moots，whichenablestudentstostudyuniversity-levelcoursesatadistanceandfar,usingInternet-basedresources.AdvocatesbelievethatMoocsaredemocratic,openinghighereducationuptopeoplewhowouldnotnormallybeabletoaccessitRoundtableacademics.Therearehugelevelsofdropout,andthequalityisprettypoor”participantswerelargelyskepticalaboutthedisruptive(引起)potentialofMoocs,withonearguingthat"mostofthepeoplewhoparticipateinMootsarePhDsoracademics.Therearehugelevelsofdropout,andthequalityisprettypoor”Whatarethechallengestoprovidingmareflexiblelearninginhighereducation?Someparticipantsfeltthatstudentsarenotreadytolearnflexibly,andpreferatraditionalmodelofteachingthroughlecturesandassessmentthroughessaysandexams.Onearguedthatmanystudentsareunusedtochoice:"Whentheyarriveasundergraduates,they'resousedtobeingtoldexactlywhattodoandhowthey'llbeexaminedthatwhenwegetthemintouniversityandgivethemmorechoices,theydon'tknowwhattochoose."Students'reluctancetoembraceinnovationmeansthatuniversitiesshouldtakecarewhenintroducingflexibility,oneparticipantargued:"We'vegotaresponsibilitytotrytomakesurewestructurelearninginsuchawaythatstudentsareencouragedtoexploreoutsidetheircomfortzoneandengageindifferentlearningapproaches,butareunabletodefaulttothelowestcommondenominator."Someacademicstooarecautiousaboutadoptingflexiblelearningmethods,theroundtableheard.TheQualityAssuranceAgency(QAA)aregulatorybody-thatmonitorsstandardsinhighereducation,publishesstandardstatements:asetofguidelinesforwhatstudentsshouldbetaughtineachsubject.Oneparticipantsaid:"ThereisariskaversionaroundqualityandstandardsbecausestaffsareterriblynervousaboutgettingapoorQAAratingPerhapstheyseestandardstatementsasbeing(真理)andtheyhavetodelivertothosebenarkstatementsratherthanconsideringthresholdconceptsandlettingstudentsjustexplorebetweenthem”.Althoughuniversitiesareworkinghardtodevelopflexibleprovision,someparticipantsacknowledgedthat,bothinthestructureofcoursesofferedandinmethodsofteachingandlearning,progressispatchy(参差不齐的)”Thissortofexcitinginnovativeactivityisgoingononlyinpartoftheuniversity,notacrosstheinstitution,"saidone."Thechallengeforuniversitymanagementistheclay-to-daypressuresofresourcemanagement,andtimetobalancethebudgetwiththisinnovativewayofworking."Butitwasacknowledgedthatuniversities,despitethebestofintentions,operateunderexternalconstraints.Progresshasbeenslowintheareaofstudentmobility,forexample.Increasingly,saidoneparticipant,universitiesmustrecognize"thedesireofstudentstobeontheinternationalstageandtotakeagreatnumberofcreditsindifferentcountriesandtogetworkexperienceinthosedifferentsettingsbutstillwantingtogetadegreethatputsthatalltogether”Thereisatension,oneparticipantpointedout,between"goodwordsandactual".Whilesuccessiveernmentshavetalkedabouttheimportanceofincreasingflexibilityandbeingemployer-led,theyoperateafundingandmodelwhichgoesbacktothinkingabout18-year-oldngthree-yeardegreeprogramsandgoingontoamaster'siftheywant."Untilernmentscatchupwiththerealitiesofthenewhighereducationlandscape,universitiesmayfindithardtoprovidetheflexibilitystudentsandemployersInordertomakestudentsbetteradapttothedemandsoftheworldtoday,manyuniversitiesaretryingtoequipthemwithmultipleskills.ThetypicalimageofauniversitystudentnowadaysquitedifferentfromwhatitwasItwillnotbeeasyforcollegestosupplystudentsandemployerswithflexibilityuntiltherealizethesituationofnewhighereducation.Accordingtoaparticipantoftheroundtable,newkindsofpeoplewhocanfacegreatchallengesflexiblyareneededinthecontemporaryera.Traditionalwaysofeducationarenotfitfortoday`sstudentsanyThoughuniversitiesaremakinggreatefforttodevelopflexibilityprovision,somethinkthattheprogressisinconsistent.maynotbereadyforit.RoundtableparticipantsworrythatmassiveopenonlinecoursesmaycauseSomeparticipantsthoughtuniversitiesshouldabandonthedidacticapproachofclassandadoptamoreactivewayofteaching.Progressintheareaofstudentmobilityhasn'tbeenfastenoughtosatisfystudents'practicalSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageis.followedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthereare.fourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronANSWERSHEET2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingTheideaofpublicworksprojectsasadevicetopreventorcontroldepressionwasdesignedasmeansofcreatingjabopportunitiesforunemployedworkersandasa"pumppriming"devicetoaidbusinesstorevive.ItwasconceivedduringtheearlyyearasoftheNewDealEra(1933-1937).By1933,thenumberofunemployedworkershadreachedabout13million.Thismeantthatabout50millionpeople--aboutonethirdofthenation--werewithoutmeansofsupport.Atfirst,directreliefintheformofcashorfoodwasprovidedforthesepeople.Thismadethem ernmentcharity.Inordertoremovethisstigma()andrestoretotheunemployedsomemeasureofrespectabilityandhumandignity,anwasdevisedtocreateernmentallysponsoredworkprojectsthatprivateindustrywouldnotorcouldnotprovide.ThiswouldalsostimulateproductionandrevivebusinessThebestwaytoexinhowthisprocedureisexpectedtoworkistoexinhowitactuallyworkedwhenitwasfirsttried.ThefirstexperimentwithitwasthecreationoftheWorksProjectAdministration().Thisagencysetupworkprojectsinvariousfieldsinwhichthereweremanyunemployed.Forexample,unemployedactorswereorganizedintotheaterprojects;orchestraswereorganizedforunemployedmusicians,teachingprojectsforunemployedteachers,andevenWriters'projectsforunemployedwriters.Unemployedlaborerswereputtobuildingworkormaintainingroads,parks,ygrounds,orpublicbuildings.Thesewerealltemporary"workrelief"projectsratherthanpermanentworkopportunitiesMoresubstantialworkprojectsofapermanentnaturewereorganizedbyanotheragency,thePublicWorksAdministration(PWA).Thisagencyundertookthenningofconstructionofschools,houses,postoffices,dams,andotherpublicstructures.Itenteredintocontractswithprivateconstructionfirmstoerectthem,oritloanedmoneytolocalorstateernmentswhichundertooktheirconstruction.Thiscreatedmanyjabsinthefactoriesproducingthematerialaswellasintheprojectsthemselves,andgreatlyreducedthenumberoftheunemployed.Sti11anotheragencywhichprovidedworkprojectsfortheunemployedwastheCivilianConservationCorps(CCC)‘thisagencyprovidedjobopportunitiesforyouthsaged15to20toWorkotherinnationalparksorsclearingland,guardingagainstfires,buildingroads,orconservationwork,Intheeventofafuturedepression,thefederalernmentanyoralliftheabovemethodstorelieveunemploymentandstimulatebusinessngmightrevive.ItwasatthebeginningoftheNewDealErathatpublicworkswereignoredbymostAmericanproveditsadvantagesoverotherweregivenaseriousconsiderationD,wereputintouseimmediayAccordingtothepassage,duringtheNewDealEra,thepublicworksprojectsmakeagreatleapinguidingtheeconomicdevelopmentB,helpthoseunemployedtoresumerespectanddignityurgeprivatebusinessestoemploymare ernmentfromlendingmoneytotherelievetheburdenofboththeunemployedand satisfytheneedofpeoplefromvariousfieldsofthemeettheneedofmostpeoplewhowereoncewhite-D,offerpeoplenojobswhichwouldsupportthemforawholeA,gotprivatebusinessesinvolvedintherestoringofeconomyB,encouragedthelocal ernmentstomakeconcretensC.offeredjobsinalltheaspectsconcerningD.stimulatedtheeconomybylendingmoneyto TheCivilianConservationCorpsmainlyofferedtogivemoreopportunitiestovariousagetofosterthespiritofAmericanthatarelaborioustounderthenameofrelievingfamilyPassage

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingWeallknowthatthenormalhumandallycycleofactivityisofsome7to8hourssleepalternatingwithsome16-17hourswakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhaweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekfora toadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleeduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunay,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;a mayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek.8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleeveryefficiently.Oneanswerwouldseemtobelongerperiodsoneachshift,amonth,oreventhreemonths,RecentresearchbyBonieroftheNetherlands,however,hasshownthatpeopleansuchsystemswillreverttotheirnormalhabitsofsleepandwakefulnessduringtheweekendandthatthisisquiteenoughtodestroyanyadaptationtonightworkbuiltupduringtheweek.Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrawnin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,Gutnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlon