初中英语阅读理解之主旨大意day2

初中

主旨题及

Howtograspthemainideaofapassage--inreading?2021/5/91主旨大意题正确理解文章的“主旨大意”是阅读技能之二。要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上，对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。这也是英语阅读理解中常见的一类题型，大多是要求判断文章的标题或各段大意。2021/5/92阅读中主旨大意题的题型分类主旨题标题类文章主旨段落主旨2021/5/93标题类试题常见的题干形式(1)Thebesttitleforthispassageis.(2)Thesuitableheadlineforthispassagemaybe(3)Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis.(4)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?(体现概括性,避免远离主题)2021/5/942.文章主旨类试题常见的题干形式(1)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(2)Thepassagetalksabout...(3)Thepassagetellsusthat...(4)Thispassagemainlydealswith...(5)What’sthemainidea/topicofthepassage?(体现全面性,避免以偏概全)2021/5/953.段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式(1)Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyisthat.(2)Whatisthelastparagraphchieflyconcernedwith?(3)WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizeParagraphone?(4)What’sthemainideadiscussedinthefirstparagraph?(体现针对性,避免张冠李戴)2021/5/96

关键-主题句

主题句：凡表述段落（或短文）主旨大意的句子。三个特点：（1）总领性强，概括性强（2）结构简单，不用难句（3）其他句子解释、支撑或扩展主题句，起服从、论证、补充的作用2021/5/97TypesOfParagraphStructuresThepositionofthe

topicAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentence2021/5/98

Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage.Itisspokenbypilotsandairportcontroloperatorsonalltheairwaysoftheworld.Over70percentoftheworld'sradioprogramsareinEnglish.主题句在段首或篇首2021/5/99例2：Ifyoubuysomewell-madeclothes,youcansavemoneybecausetheycanlastlonger.Theylookgoodevenaftertheyhavebeenwashedmanytimes.Sometimessomeclothescostmoremoney,butitdoesnotmeanthattheyarealwaysbettermade,ortheyalwaysfitbetter.Inotherwords,somelessexpensiveclotheslookandfitbetterthanmoreexpensiveclothes.Q:Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.well-madeclothesB.moreexpensiveclothesC.clothesthatarenotveryexpensivebutlookandfitbetterD.clothesthatareexpensiveandwell-made主题句在段末或篇末2021/5/910

例3：InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarshasnotcastAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralian’sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofan

insatiable(不能满足的）society.Question:WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraphA.GMisoneofthelargestcarproducers.B.FordoperatesnotonlyintheU.S.A.,butalsoinAsia.C.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.D.ThefloodofthecheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.takesth.awayofsb.和castsb.sth.的意思相似主题句在段中或篇中2021/5/911

Handshaking,thoughaEuropeanpracticeisoftenseeninbigcitiesofChina.NobodyknowsexactlywhenthepracticestartedinEurope.ItissaidthatlonglongagoinEuropewhenpeoplemet,theyshowedtheirunarmed(无武器的)handstoeachotherasasignofgoodwill.Astimewentonandtradeincitiesgrewrapidly,peopleincitiesbegantoclapeachother’shandstomakeadealortoreachanagreement.Thispracticewaslaterchangedintoshakinghandsamongfriendsonmeetingorleavingeachother.“Let’sshake(hands)onit”sometimesmeansagreementreached.无主题句Theparagraphmainlytellsus______.A.wherehandshakingwasfirstpracticedB.howhandshakingcameaboutC.abouttherelationshipbetweenhandshakingandtradeD.aboutthepracticeofhandshakingbothinEuropeandinChina2021/5/912

解题技巧技巧一：识别文体技巧二：找关联词技巧三:抓线索技巧四:找高频词2021/5/913技巧一：识别文体新闻报道导语提携全文议论文总--分--总（论点－论据－结论）说明文主题句（首－－中－－尾）记叙文记叙文六要素2021/5/9142021/5/915Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?议论文总--分--总Whatisthemainidea?A.cigarettesmokingcancausecancer.B.smokingcancausethemostseriousandterribledisease(illness).C.smokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.D.smokingisharmful.

D2021/5/916Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyingATVSetB.ASellingMethodC.BuyerBewareD.TVOnSale2021/5/917MrsTurner’stelephonenumberwas3463;thenumberofthecinemainhertownwas3464,peopleoftenmadeamistakeandtelephonedherwhentheyactuallywantedthecinema.

OneeveningthetelephonebellrangandMrsTurneransweredit.Atiredman’svoicecameoverthetelephone:”Atwhattimedoesyourlastfilmbegin?””I’msorry”,saidMrsTurner,“butyouhavethewrongnumber.Thisisnotthecinema.”“Oh,Itbegantwentyminutesago,”saidtheman.”I’msorryaboutthat.Well,goodbye.”

MrsTurnerwasverysurprised,soshetoldherhusband.Helaughedandsaid,”No,thatwasn’tamistake.Theman’swifewantedtogotothecinema,buthewasfeelingtired,sohetelephonedthecinema.Hiswifeheardhim,butshedidn’thearyou.Nowtheywillstayathomethisevening,andthehusbandwillbehappy!”WhywasMrsTurnersurprised?Becausethetiredman_______.A.wantedthecinemabutcalledawrongnumber.B.AskedherasillyquestionwhichsherefusedtoanswerC.Saidsomethingthathadnothingtodowithheranswer.D.Wasangrywithhimselfforhavingmadeamistake.c2021/5/918Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance（so,therefore,thus,inconclusion,inshort,

allinall,overall,clearly,Infact）技巧二：找关联词2021/5/919技巧三:从段落中归纳要点抓大意，理清线索.

有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题.这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意2021/5/920TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedto

anotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail2021/5/921技巧四:从段落中寻找高频率词

任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词2021/5/922Eg.9Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem.Itisexpectedtocarry20,000trucksandcarsaday,whichgreatlyreducestheovercrowdedtrafficinthecenterofthecity.Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,onefortraffictothenorthandtheotherforthetraffictothesouth.Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,practicallyatitshighestpoint.Therewillalsobeelectricsignsatfrequentintervals.Theyshowtrafficconditionsaheadandcanbeseenclearlybydrivers.Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.Thesurfaceoftheroadliesonthebase,whichismadeofconcreteandsteel.Thedrainagesystem,justbelowtheroadsurfaceononeside,removesanyextraliquid,particularlywater.Intheeventoffire,thefiremain,whichismadeofsteel,pipeswatertomanyfirehydrantstationsatregularintervalsalongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftwotunnelsD.thedesignoftwotunnels2021/5/923主旨大意题的解题技巧1、以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。要克服“我认为…怎么样”的观点。2、答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。

比答案的原则是：好的>不知道的；不知道的>不对的。3、注意绝对化的词。

如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。比如，原文中出现了这样一个句子：Almosteveryonelikesthemusic.

答题时，要你判断如下这个句子正误（TrueorFalse）：Everyonelikesthemusic.4、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。

尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。5、“傻瓜”原则。

文章中没有提到的就当时不知道，不要枉自猜测，自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。6.主旨大意题的干扰项特点可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。F2021/5/924实例1JoshnaBinghamstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityof

Parisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HechangedtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchoolandlater,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyabusinesslawyerinMiami,Florida.从以上这个段落，我们发现没有一个句子可以单独陈述该段落的主题，那么，作者写这个段落的目的是什么呢？通过仔细阅读和理解每个句子的意思之后，我们便可领悟，作者想告诉读者的是：JoshnaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.所以说这种文章（或段落）只能从文章的字里行间去理解作者的意图，这样才能推断出文章的主旨大意。2021/5/925实例2

Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletoexplainaweathermapexactly.Weatherconditionisa