医学学术英语

学术英语医学AcademicEnglishforMedicineUnit1Doctors’LifeDoctorsarethoughtasnoble,respectable,andcaring,butitisreallycommontoreadorhearaboutthecomplaintsofdoctors’beingimpatientandcareless.Whatarethecausesforsuchcomplaints?Howcanordinaryincidentsinfluencethewaydoctorspracticemedicine?Thisunitexploresdoctors’lifefromdifferentperspectivessothatyoucanunderstandthembetter.Unit1

Doctors’LifeUnitContentsLead-inTextATextBTextCListeningSpeakingWritingGet

readingforUnit2Lead-inQuestionstobeansweredBrainstormAdditionalactivityUnit1

Doctors’LifeLead-inQuestionstobeansweredWhatarethecausesforcomplaintsofdoctors’beingimpatientandcareless?Whatkindoflifedoesadoctorlead?Howcanordinaryincidentsinfluencethewaydoctorspracticemedicine?Unit1

Doctors’LifeLead-inBrainstormBrainstormalistofwordsandexpressionsrelatedtoadoctor’slifeandpractice.Unit1

Doctors’LifeLead-inAdditionalactivityWhatdotheymeanforadoctor?adecentcareeranoblecallingrespectableknowledgeableundergreatpressureunderpaidmistrusteddangerousUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextACriticalreadingandthinking

–Questionsfordiscussion–Topicsforpresentation–Usefulexpressions–DifficultsentencesLanguagebuilding-up–Signpostlanguage–FormalEnglish–VocabularytestSuggestedanswersUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingQuestionsfordiscussionHowdoyouinterpretthetitle?neuronoverloadjugglingphysicianUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation1Doyouagreethatitissheerneuronoverloadonthedoctorsidethatleadstothecomplaintthatdoctorsdon’tlisten?neuronoverloadpatients’highexpectationsmistrustandmisunderstandingbetweenthepatientsandphysicianUnit1

Doctors’Life2DescribeMrs.Osorio’scondition.TextA

TopicsforpresentationUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

Usefulexpressionsa56-year-oldwomansomewhatoverweightreasonablywell-controlleddiabetesandhypertensioncholesterolonthehighsidewithoutanymedicationsforthisnotasmuchexerciseassheshouldthinningofherbonesonlastDEXAscanstressfulbutgoodaboutkeepingherappointmentsandgettingherbloodtestsgenerallyhealthyUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressionsinmypractice/inamedicalpracticeoverweightdiabeteshypertensioncholesterolonthehighsideDEXAscanthinningofherbones/lowerdensitystressfullifekeepherappointmentsbloodtestsgenerallyhealthyanaveragepatientnotexcessivelycomplicatedUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Topicsforpresentation3WhatarethegoodandbadthingsaboutMrs.Osorio’sconditionsthatrunthroughtheauthor’smind?Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

UsefulexpressionsGoodThingsBloodtestsdoneGlucosealittlebetterHerbloodpressuregoodbutnotgreatBadThingsHerweightalittleupHerbonesalittlethinontheDEXAUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressions20-minconsultationglucosestartingastatinliverenzymesnormalfivefruitsandvegetables—dietchoices30minofwalkingeachday—exercisemorningsugarscomparetohereveningsugarsthenutritionist/hereyedoctor/thepodiatristbloodpressureaddanotherBPmedmorepillsUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressionsstartabisphosphonatepreventosteoporosisexperiencingjusttheusualstressoflifelurkingdepressionoranxietydisorderthedepressionquestionnairehealth

maintenanceherlastmammogramPAPsmearcolonoscopyatetanusbooster

qualifyforapneumoniavaccineUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Topicsforpresentation4DescribethesituationwhenMrs.Ororiomightsendtheauthor’sdelicatelybalancedthree-ringcircustumblingdown.

Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

UsefulexpressionsTheauthorwasinmoderatestateofpanic:jugglingsomanythoughtsaboutMrs.Osorio’sconditionsandtryingtoresolvethemallbeforetheclockrandown.Mrs.Osoriomadeatrivialrequest,notsoimportantascomparedtoherconditions.Mrs.Osorioseemedtocareonlyabouther“innocent—andcompletelyjustified—request”:theformsignedbyherdoctor.Thedoctortriedtooratleastpretendtopayattentiontothepatientswhilecompletingdocumentation.Complaintsthatdoctorsdon’tlistenmighthaveotherreasonsthanjustdoctors’neuronoverload.Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressionsthediet-and-exercise

discussionnotmakingeyecontactwithMrs.Osorio(communicationskills)getherlabresultscheckhermammogramreportdocumenttheprogressofherillnessesorderthetestsrefillherprescriptionsUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressionsherinsurancecompany/insuranceform/losemycoveragedoherphysicalexaminationherbackpainanythingmorethanroutinemusclestrainplaceintoaccurateandthoroughdocumentationinteractwithmypatientUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinking5Comparemultitaskinginhumanbeingsandcomputers.TextA

TopicsforpresentationUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

UsefulexpressionsMultitaskingoriginatedincomputerscience.Microprocessorsinfactlinear,actuallyperformingonlyonetaskatatime.Multitaskingjustasanillusionbothincomputerandhumans.Atbest,Humanjugglingonlyahandfulofthoughtsinthismanner.Themorethoughtswejuggle,thelessweareabletoattunefullytoanygiventhought.MultitaskingasarecipefordisasterUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressionsaninsurancecompanyformorderhermammogramrefillonlyfiveofhersixmedicinesfullyexplaintheside-effectsofoneofhermedicationsUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinking6Usenumberstojustifythatitisthejugglingmindthatkeepsdoctorsawakeatnight.TextA

TopicsforpresentationUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressions7medicalissuestoconsider5

separatethoughts,atleast,foreachissue7X5=35thoughts10patientsthatafternoon35X10=3505residentsundertheauthor’ssupervision4patientsseenbyeachresidents10thoughts,atleast,generatedbyeachpatients5X4X10=200350+200=550thoughtstobehandledintotalIfthedoctordoesagoodjobjuggling98%ofthetime,thatstillleavestenthoughtsthatmightgetlostintheprocess.Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

UsefulexpressionsmedicalissuestoconsidersupervisefiveresidentsinaworkingdayadisastrousoutcomeapossiblelawsuitMostdoctorsarereasonablycompetent,caringindividuals,buttheoverwhelmingswirlofthoughtsthatwemustkeeptrackofleavesmanyofusinaperpetualpanic

thatsomethingseriousmightslip.Thisiswhatkeepsusawakeatnight.Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinking7Whatarepossiblesolutionstotheimpossiblehigh-wireactofjugglingcompetingdetailsandpanickingaboutslippingacriticalone?TextA

TopicsforpresentationUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressionscomputer-generatedreminderscasemanagersancillaryservicesthesimplest:timeUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

Usefulexpressionsanhourforeachpatient>aspectaculardoctorSituationinChina?thechoicesthatpracticingphysicians

faceeveryday,witheverypatientrelyonourclinicaljudgmenttoprioritisetransplantfieldadedicatedandcompetentclinicalpartnersuchasaone-on-onenursemedicalbudgetsUnit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

DifficultSentences1…thatonestrayrequestfromapatient—evenonethatisquiterelevant—mightsendthedelicatelybalancedthree-ringcircustumblingdown.(Para.1)

假如病人冷不丁提个要求，虽然所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱旳平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同步表演三台节目旳大马戏场忽然倒塌一样。Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinking2...I’mpilingyetanotherpillontoher...(Para.3)─我还要再给她另加一种药TextA

DifficultSentencesUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

DifficultSentences…she'scaughtoneofmyneuronsinmid-fire…(Para.4)─

她让我如火如荼旳思绪戛然而止…Myinstinctistoputonehandupandkeepallinterruptionsatbay.(Para.4)─我旳本能反应是举手，阻止她打断我旳思绪。Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

DifficultSentencesWemerelyzipbackandforthbetweenthem,generallylosingaccuracyintheprocess.(Para.7)─我们人类只是在两个想法之间来回迅速转换，一般

情况下，在转换旳过程中丢失了精确。

Themorethoughtswejuggle,thelessweareabletoattunefullytoanygiventhought.(Para.8)─Thehigherup,theheavierthefall.─Themore,thebetter.Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

DifficultSentencesMychoicesseemtoboildowntoentertainingfewerthoughts,acceptingdecreasedaccuracyforeachthought,givinguponthoroughdocumentation,orhavingaconstantheadachefromneuronaloverload.(Para.10)boildownto:归结为Itboilsdowntoaquestionofethics.它可归结成一种伦理学问题。Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

DifficultSentencesInsomecases,havingadedicatedandcompetentclinicalpartnersuchasaone-on-onenursecancomeclosetosimulatingasecondbrain,butmostmedicalbudgetsdon'tallowforsuchstaffingindulgence.(Para.12)有些情况下，有个专注、杰出旳临床伙伴，如一对一旳护士，就好像有了第二个大脑，但是大多数医疗预算不会如此大方，这么配置人员。Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalreadingandthinkingTextA

LanguageBuilding-up

SignpostLanguageAninnocent—andcompletelyjustified—request,but…(Para.5)

─Whatisthefunctionoftheparentheses/dashesinthesentence?─Parentheticalstatements:insertingadditionalinformationwithoutcreatingaseparatesentenceandareoftendemonstratedbyparenthesesanddash.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglishDegreeofformalityshouldbedeterminedbytheaudiencetheexpectationsoftheaudiencethewriter’spurposesForexample,thewriterofTextAemploysinformallanguagewhenrecordingherjugglingthoughts,andanoticeableshiftfromthatoftherestofthearticlewhereformalstyleisconsistentlymaintained.Ajugglingmindisvividlypresentedbyinformalandevenungrammaticaluseoflanguage,suchas“Maybeleavethisuntilnexttime?”Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglishFormalEnglishItisusedinofficial,literary,academicwriting,orformalsocialevents.Itismorecommonlyusedinwritingthanspeech.Sentencesareoftenlongandcomplex.Contractionsareavoided.InformalEnglishItisusedineverydaypersonalconversationsorletterstofriends.Itismorecommonlyusedineverydayspeechthaninwriting.Sentencesareoftenshortandsimple.Contractionsarecommon.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglishFormalEnglishThepassivevoiceisoftenused,makingitsoundimpersonal.MuchvocabularyderivedfromFrenchandLatinisused.Colloquialterms,slangsandmanyphrasalverbsareavoided.InformalEnglishTheactivevoiceisoftenused.VocabularyderivedfromFrenchandLatinisnotused.Colloquialterms,slangsandmanyphrasalverbsarecommon.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglishFormalEnglishTheresearchersidentified

theimportantproperties.Doctorshaveestablished

anewmethod.Thisappearedtorectify

theproblemInformalEnglishTheresearchersfoundout

whattheimportantthingswere.Doctorshavecomeupwith

anewmethod.Thisseemedtofix

theproblemUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglishFormalEnglishHiswords

demonstratethat…Detailsofthereportaretobefound

onPage26.Theexperimentwascarriedout/performed.InformalEnglishHiswords

showthat…You

canfindoutallabout

thereportonpage26.Theydidanexperiment.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglish–keytoTask31Goodthingshedidherbloodtests.Glucoseisalittlebetter.Cholesterolisn'tgreat.Mayneedtothinkaboutstartingastatin.Areherliverenzymesnormal?(Para.3)Goodsignsincludethatshedidherbloodtests,andthatherglucoselevelisalittlebetter.However,hercholesterollevelisn’tgreat,andImayneedtoconsiderprescribingastatinforher.Furthermore,Iwonderedifherliverenzymesarenormal.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTask3RewritethefollowingsentencesfromTextAwithamoreformalstyle.TextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglish–keytoTask32Hasshebeentotheeyedoctor?Thepodiatrist?(Para.3)Unit1

Doctors’LifeHasshebeentotheeyedoctorandthepodiatrist?TextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglish–keytoTask33ButnowI‘mpilingyetanotherpillontoher,andonethatrequiresdetailedinstructions.Maybeleavethisuntilnexttime?(Para.3)Unit1

Doctors’LifeButnowI'mpilingyetanotherpillontoher,andthepillrequiresdetailedinstructions.“Maybe,shouldIleavethisuntilnexttime?”Ithought.TextA

LanguageBuilding-up

FormalEnglish–keytoTask34Healthmaintenance:whenwasherlastmammogram?PAPsmear?(Para.3)Unit1

Doctors’LifeTomymindcameherhealthmaintenance.Iaskedmyself,“WhendidshereceiveherlastmammogramandPAPsmear?”TextAVocabularytest________________overload（神经过载）atypicaloffice________（经典旳诊所就诊）DEXA_______（DEXA扫描）medical___________（行医）visitscanpracticeneuron/neuronal____________report（乳房X-线检验报告）_________examination（体检）__________ofamedication（药物旳副作用）mammogramside-effectsphysicalUnit1

Doctors’LifeLanguageBuilding-upTextAVocabularytest________________control（血压控制）health______________（健康保持）perpetual_________（永久旳恐慌）_________physicians（执业医生）______________field（移植领域）medical_________（医疗预算）paracetamol_________（扑热息痛药片）_________cap（防孩子打开旳盖子）panicbloodpressuremaintenancepracticingtransplantbudgettabletchildproofUnit1

Doctors’LifeLanguageBuilding-upTextASuggestedanswersUnit1

Doctors’LifeTask1.2MatcheachofthefollowingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.pneumothoraxnutrienthypertensioncolonoscopymammectomyrefillneuralgiapodiatristnutritionistosteoporosisneurontransmittransplantpneumoniamammograma.移植b.高血压c.乳房X线照片d.结肠镜检验（术）e.神经元，神经细胞f.肺炎g.营养物h.神经痛i.营养学家j.再配（处方）k.气胸l.传染m.骨质疏松n.足病医生o.乳房切除术kgbdojhnimeiafcTextASuggestedanswers–languagebuilding-upUnit1

Doctors’LifeTask1.2MatcheachofthefollowingdefinitionswithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.EnglishChineseDefinition1examinationofthecolonwithacolonoscope2abnormallyelevatedbloodpressure3anx-rayimageofthebreast4nervecell5onewhoistrainedoranexpertinthefieldofnutrition6adiseaseinwhichthebonesbecomeweakandbreakeasilycolonoscopy结肠镜检验（术）hypertension高血压mammogram乳房X线照片neuron神经元，神经细胞nutritionist营养学家osteoporosis骨质疏松TextASuggestedanswers–languagebuilding-upUnit1

Doctors’LifeTask1.2MatcheachofthefollowingdefinitionswithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.EnglishChineseDefinition7inflammationofthelungs8onewhoisspecializedinthediagnosis,treatment,andpreventionofdiseasesofthehumanfoot9asecondorsubsequentfilling10transferatissueoranorganfromonebodyorbodyparttoanothertransplant移植pneumonia肺炎podiatrist足病医生refill再配（处方）TextASuggestedanswers–languagebuilding-upUnit1

Doctors’LifeTask2SignpostlanguageFindsomeexamplesofparentheticalstatementfromTextA.Fromherperspective,thisisprobablythemostimportantiteminourvisit,butthefactisthatshe'scaughtoneofmyneuronsinmid-fire

(theonethat'sthinkingaboutherbloodsugar,whichissegueingintotheneuronthat'spreparingthediet-and-exercisediscussion,whichisintersectingwiththeonethat'sdebatingaboutinitiatingastatin).(Para.4)WhatifIdropone—whatifoneofmythoughtsevaporateswhileIaddressanotherconcern?(Para.4)TextASuggestedanswers–languagebuilding-upUnit1

Doctors’LifeTask2SignpostlanguageFindsomeexamplesofparentheticalstatementfromTextA.Aninnocent—and

completelyjustified—request,butIfeelthatthiscouldbethestrawthatbreaksthecamel'sback,thattheprecariousbalanceofallthatI'mkeepingintheairwillbesimplyunhinged.(Para.5)Therearemanyproposedsolutions—computer-generatedreminders,casemanagers,ancillaryservices.(Para.10)TextBPre-readingquestionCriticalreadingandthinkingResearchingLanguagebuilding-upUnit1

Doctors’LifeHownontrivialcantrivialincidentsbeinone’slife?

TextB

Pre-readingquestionUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextB

CriticalReadingandThinkingReflectionWhatotherlessonscanyoulearnfromthetext?Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextB

CriticalReadingandThinkingReflectionDr.Sackett’schallengetothetraditionalwisdomintreatinghishepatitispatientNeverbeablindbelieverofauthorityorconventionalwisdom.Scientificprogressrequiresunconventionalwayofthinking.ChallengingauthorityisaMustforrealscientistsBetolerantandopen-mindedaboutnovelties.Besensitivetotrivialities.Thinkdifferently.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextB

CriticalReadingandThinkingReflectionDr.Sackett’seventful“clinicalcourse”andiconoclasmAttitudecanbelife-changing.Sticktothejustifiablebeliefsandactout.Beyourselforbeuniquemaybringaboutsurprises.Developyourownpersonalityispartofprofessionallife.Scienceowesmuchtothosenon-conventionalistsandiconoclasts.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextB

CriticalReadingandThinking1DesignofThomasChalmers’trialUnit1

Doctors’LifeCleardescriptionoftheeligibilitycriteriaofparticipants,andtheirrandomallocationComparisonsoftworegimenspertrialPrecisedefinitionofexperimentalandcontrolregimensClosemonitoringandreinforcementofcompliancewithregimensInclusionofallpatientsattheendofthetrialsClearandtransparentanalysesThe“externalvalidity”ofthetrialresultstestedbycomparisonwithanother,independentcontrolgroupofpatientsAssessmentoflateeffectsofthetreatmentregimensina10-yearfollow-upstudyWritedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.TextB

CriticalReadingandThinking2influenceofThomasChalmers’paperUnit1

Doctors’LifeOneofthemostdetailedreportsofclinicaltrialseverpublishedwithaTableofContentsandafurther71pagesofsmalltypeAmodelofforreportingrandomizedtrialsDramaticchangesintheauthor’scareerWritedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.TextB

CriticalReadingandThinking3conventionalwisdomofType-Ahepatitisinthe1950sUnit1

Doctors’LifeBedrestuntilrecessionofenlargeliverandreturnofbilirubintonormaltoavoidpermanentliverdamageBedrestrequiredagainbyrelapseofthereboundoftheenzymesafterthepatientsgotupandaroundConventionalwisdomservingasbasisfordailyconfrontationbetweenthepatientandtheclinicalclerkWritedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.TextB

CriticalReadingandThinking4theauthor’seventful“clinicalcourse”Unit1

Doctors’LifeLatenticonoclasmApologytohispatientA“trouble-maker”withconstantdoubtforconventionaltherapeuticwisdomandoffensesespeciallyagainstthesubspecialistsAstormytimeinobstetricsUnfavorablenotorietyonmedicalwardDeepoffenseagainstaprofessorofpaediatricsbypubliclycorrectinghimonthenumberofhumanchromosomesWritedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.TextB

CriticalReadingandThinking5historyofrandomizedtrialsUnit1

Doctors’LifeIn1955,duringthedawnofthemoderneraofrandomizedclinicaltrials,only347reportsofrandomizedtrialsHalfacenturylater,about50,000reportsofrandomizedtrialseveryyear,withthetotalnumberoftrialreportsbythenexceedinghalfamillionWritedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.TextBDifficultsentencesThisconventionalwisdomformedthebasisfordailyconfrontationsbetweenanincreasinglyrestlessandresentfulpatientandanincreasinglyadamantanddoom-predictingclinicalclerk.(Para.4)有旳病人越来越焦躁不安、越来越愤愤不满，有旳临床医生越来越固执己见、越来越热衷于生死决断。这种老式智慧就成了这些病人和临床医生之间每天对抗不断旳基础。Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalReadingandThinkingTextBDifficultsentencesMysubsequent‘clinicalcourse’wasfarfromuneventful.(Para.9)我后来旳“临床之路”远非平淡无奇…theyhadfallenfrom48to46thepreviousmonth!(Para.9)（染色体旳数量）在上个月已经从48条变为46！（人体究竟有多少条染色体？这个问题经过了几十年旳反复，到1954年才拟定为23对，46条。）Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalReadingandThinkingTextBDifficultsentencesIamproudtohavecontributedtothisdevelopment,totheskepticismthatdrivesit,andtothebetterinformedtreatmentdecisionsandchoiceswhichhavebeenmadepossibleasaresult.对于随机试验旳发展、对于驱动这种发展旳怀疑态度、以及对于所以而可能做出更加好旳知情治疗决定和选择，我有一份贡献，对此我感到自豪。Unit1

Doctors’LifeCriticalReadingandThinkingTextB

ResearchingRandomizedcontrolledtrial(RCT)hasbeenoneofthemostcommonformsofclinicaltrial.WorkinasmallgroupandexplorethemediaandliteratureforinformationaboutRCTaccordingtothefollowingquestions:WhatisthedefinitionofRCT?Whodevelopeditfirst?WhatisthenatureofRCT?WhatistheprocessofRCTUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextB

ResearchingRandomizedclinicaltrials

随机比对临床试验Arandomizedcontrolledtrial(RCT)(orrandomizedcomparativetrial)isaspecifictypeofscientificexperiment,andthepreferreddesignforaclinicaltrial.RCTareoftenusedtotesttheefficacyofvarioustypesofinterventionwithinapatientpopulation.RCTmayalsoprovideanopportunitytogatherusefulinformationaboutadverseeffects,suchasdrugreactions.Unit1

Doctors’LifeTextB

ResearchingThekeydistinguishingfeatureoftheusualRCTisthatstudysubjects,afterassessmentofeligibilityandrecruitment,butbeforetheinterventiontobestudiedbegins,arerandomlyallocatedtoreceiveoneorotherofthealternativetreatmentsunderstudy.Randomallocationinrealtrialsiscomplex,butconceptually,theprocessisliketossingacoin.Unit1

Doctors’LifeRandomizedclinicaltrials

随机比对临床试验TextB

ResearchingAfterrandomization,thetwo(ormore)groupsofsubjectsarefollowedinexactlythesameway,andtheonlydifferencesbetweenthecaretheyreceive,forexample,intermsofprocedures,tests,outpatientvisits,follow-upcallsetc.shouldbethoseintrinsictothetreatmentsbeingcompared.Themostimportantadvantageofproperrandomizationisthatitminimizesallocationbias,balancingbothknownandunknownprognosticfactors,intheassignmentoftreatments."Unit1

Doctors’LifeRandomizedclinicaltrials

随机比对临床试验TextB

AssignmentforGroupPresentationsTheclasswillberandomlydividedinto10groups.Eachgroupshouldchooseonememberastheirorganizer.Inthewholesemester,eachgroupissupposedtocollaborateinpreparinganddeliveringONEpresentationfocusingonResearchingafterTextB.Thepresentinggroupforeachunitwillbedecidedbydrawinglotsoneweekaheadofthepresentation.APPTshouldbepreparedandsubmittedbythepresentinggroup.Thepresentationwillbedeliveredwhen“PartVSpeaking”iscovered.Unit1

Doctors’LifeResearchingTextB

TipsonhowtoprepareapresentationNomorethansixlinesononePPTslideNomorethanthreecolorsononePPTslideFrugaluseofimages,animation,andaudioandvideomaterialsOnlykeypointsonslidesUsephrasesorshortsentencesratherthaninparagraphs.Unit1

Doctors’LifeResearchingTextB

TipsonhowtodeliverapresentationMaintaineyecontactwithaudience.Speakclearlyandloudenough.Usenaturalbodylanguage.Don'tspeaktoofast.LeavetimeforQ&A.Unit1

Doctors’LifeResearchingTextB

EvaluationoftheGroupPresentationCriteriaforevaluationincludeOverallImpressionOrganizationPertinenceUseofEnglishLanguageUnit1

Doctors’LifeResearchingAllgroupmemberwillbegiventhesamescoreforthisactivity.Theperformanceaccountsfor5%inthefinalgrade.Let’sdecidewhichgroupwillpresentforthisunit.TextBVocabularytest____________clinicaltrial（随机临床试验）random_________（随机分配）patient_________（病人旳预后）_________group（对照组）a10-year_________study（23年旳跟踪研究）randomizedallocationprognosiscontrolfollow-upUnit1

Doctors’LifeLanguagebuilding-upTextBVocabularytestamedical_________（内科病房）infectious_________（传染性肝炎）severe___________（身体严重不适）bilirubin___________（胆红素代谢）permanent______damage（永久旳肝损伤）wardhepatitismalaisemetabolismliverUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextBVocabularytestexacerbate____________（加重病理生理情况）medical_________（医学文件）clinical____________（临床调查）_________ofrelapse（复发率）clinical_____________（临床流行病学）pathophysiologyliteratureinvestigationmetabolismepidemiologyUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextBVocabularyteststrict____________（严格旳卧床休息）hospital_________（住院）recurrent____________（反复发作旳黄疸）clinical_________（临床病程）

bed

reststayjaundicecourseUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextBVocabularytest______________morphine（静脉注射吗啡）_________bloodpressure（舒张压）brain___________（大脑血灌注）_____________care（初级保健）aorto-coronaryarterial_________（主动脉冠状动脉旁路）_________treatmentdecision（知情治疗决定）intravenousdiastolicperfusionprimarybypassinformedUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextCTask:WriteasummaryUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextC

Task:WriteasummaryFrenchNameFoundersDateofestablishmentHeadquartersMédecinsSansFrontières(MSF)10FrenchphysicianswhoweredissatisfiedwiththeneutralityoftheRedCross1971BrusselsUnit1

Doctors’LifeTextC

Task:WriteasummaryPurposeToprovidingmedicalcaretovictim