2016年6月六级真题第1套

Basedontheaboveimagination,wecaneasilyacknowledgethatrobotisadouble-edgedsword.Weshoulddrawontheadvantagesandavoiddisadvantages,andmakeitbringumbenefitstohumanbeings.Part ListeningDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughtheQuestions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ProjectPublicrelationsMarketingMarketresearchA)tativeadvertisingQuestionnaireResearchInterviewerA)Theyareintensivestudiesofpeople'sspendingTheyexaminerelationsbetweenproducersandTheylookfornewandeffectivewaystopromoteTheystudytrendsorcustomersatisfactionoveralongA)ThelackofpromotionCheckingchartsandDesigningThepersistentQuestions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)HisviewonCanadianHisunderstandingofhigherHissuggestionsforimprovementsinhigherHiscomintaboutbureaucracyinAmericanA)ItiswellItisratherItvariesamongIthasundergonegreatA)TheUnitedStatesandCanadacanlearnfromeachPublicuniversitiesareoftensuperiortoprivateEveryoneshouldbegivenequalaccesstohigherPrivateschoolsworkmoreefficientlythanpublicA)UniversitysystemsvaryfromcountrytoEfficiencyisessentialtouniversityItishardtosaywhichisbetter,apublicuniversityoraprivateManyprivateuniversityintheU.S.areactuallylargeSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustPassageQuestions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ernment'sroleinresolvinganeconomicTheworseningrealwagesituationaroundtheIndicationsofeconomicrecoveryintheUnitedTheimpactofthecurrenteconomiccrisisonpeopledA)Theywillfeellesspressuretoraiseemployees'TheywillfeeltochoosethemostsuitableTheywillfeelinclinedtoexpandtheirbusinessTheywillfeelmoreconfidentincompetingwiththeirA)EmployeesandcompaniescooperatetopullthroughtheeconomicB)ernmentandcompaniesjoinhandstocreatejobsfortheEmployeesworkshorterhourstoavoidTeamworkwillbeencouragedinPassageQuestions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)WhethermemorysupplementsWhetherherbalmedicineworksWhetherexerciseenhancesone'sWhetheramagicmemorypromisesA)TheyhelptheelderlymorethantheTheyarebeneficialinonewayorTheygenerallydonothavesideTheyarenotbasedonrealA)TheyareavailableatmostcountryTheyaretakeninrelativelyhighTheyarecollectedorgrownbyTheyareprescribedbytrainedA)TheyhaveoftenprovedtobeashelpfulasngmentalTakingthemwithothermedicationsmightentailunnecessaryTheireffectlastsonlyashortManyhavebenefitedfromSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeyedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustHowcatastrophicnaturaldisastersturnouttobetodeveloHowtheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationstudiesnaturalHowpowerlesshumansappeartobeinfaceofnaturalHowthenegativeimpactsofnaturaldisasterscanbeBytrainingrescueteamsforBytakingstepstopreparepeopleforBychangingpeople'sviewsofByrelocatingpeopletosaferHowpreventiveactioncanreducethelossofHowcourageousCubansareinfaceofHowCubanssufferfromtropicalHowdestructivetropicalstormscanRecordingQuestions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustPaybacktheirloanstotheAmericanProvideloanstothoseinseverefinancialContributemoretothegoalofawiderSpeeduptheirrecoveryfromthehousingSomebanksmayhavetomergewithManysmallerregionalbanksaregoingtoItwillbehardforbankstoprovidemoreManybankswillhavetolayoffsomeItwillworkcloselywiththeItwillendeavortowriteoffbadItwilltrytolowertheinterestItwilltrytoprovidemoreA)Itwon'thelptheAmericaneconomytoturnItwon'tdoanygoodtothemajorcommercialItwillwintheapprovaloftheObamaItwillbenecessaryiftheeconomystartstoshrinkRecordingQuestions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)BeingunabletolearnnewBeingratherslowtomakeLosingtempermoreandmoreLosingtheabilitytogetonwithA)CognitiveCommunityBalancedFreshA)IgnoringthesignsandsymptomsofAdoptinganoptimisticattitudetowardsEndeavoringtogiveupunhealthySeekingadvicefromdoctorsfromtimetoPart ReadingDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethecentre.YoumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanPursuingacareerisanessentialpartofadolescentdevelopment."Theadolescentesanadultwhen arealjob."Tocognitiveresearcherslikeadulthoodmeantthebeginningof Piagetarguedthatonceadolescentsentertheworldofwork,theirnewlyacquiredabilitytofromhypothesesallowsthemtocreaterepresentationsthataretooideal.The28 ofsuchideals,withoutthetemperingoftherealityofajoborprofession,rapidlyleadsadolescentsto e29 ofthenon-idealisticworldandtopressforreforminacharacteristicallyadolescentway.Piagetsaid:"Trueadaptationtosocietycomes30 whentheadolescentreformerattemptstoputhisideastowork."Ofcourse,youthfulidealismisoftencourageous,andnoonelikestogiveupdreams.Perhaps, 31 outofcontext,Piaget'sstatementseemsharsh.hewas32,however,isthewayrealitycanmodifyidealisticviews.Somepeoplerefertosuchmodificationasmaturity.Piagetarguedthatattainingandacceptingavocationisoneofthebestwaysmodifyidealizedviewsandtomature.Ascareersand elessavailableduringtimesof adolescentsmaybeespeciallyhardhit.Suchdifficulteconomictimesmayleavemanyadolescents34abouttheirrolesinsociety.Forthisreason,communityinterventionsandernmentjobprogramsthatoffersummerandvacationworkarenotonlyeconomically35butalsohelptostimulatetheadolescent'sSectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Cansocietiesberichand"Ifoureconomiesaretoflourish,ifglobalpovertyistobeeliminatedandifwell-beingoftheworld'speopleenhanced-notjustinthisgenerationbutinsucceedinggenerations-wemustmakesurewetakecareofthenaturalenvironmentandresourcesonwhichoureconomicactivitydepends."Thatstatementcomesnot,asyoumightimagine,fromastereotypicaltree-hugging,save-the-worldgreenie(环保主义者),butfromGordonBrown,apoliticianwithareputationforrigourthoroughnessandaboveall,caution.Asurprisingthingforthemanwhorunsoneoftheworld'smostpowerfuleconomiestosay?Perhaps;thoughintherun-uptothefive-yearreviewoftheMillennium(千年的)Goals,heisfarfromalone.Therootsofhisspeech,giveninMarchattheroundtablemeetingofenvironmentandenergyministersfromtheG20groupofnations,stretchbackto1972,andtheUnitedNationsConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentinStockholm."Theprotectionandimprovementofthehumanenvironmentisamajorissuewhichaffectsthewell-beingofpeoplesandeconomicdevelopmentthroughouttheworld,"readthefinaldeclarationfromthisgathering,thefirstofasequencewhichwouldleadtotheRiodeJanerioEarthSummitin1992andtheWorldDevelopmentSummitinJohannesburgthreeyearsago.HuntthroughthereportspreparedbyUNagenciesanddevelopmentgroups-manyforconferencessuchasthisyear'sMillenniumGoalsreview-andyouwillfindthatthelinkagebetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicprogressisacommonManagingecosystemssustainablyismoreprofitablethanexploitingthem,accordingtotheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment.Butfindinghardevidencetosupportthethesisisnotsoeasy.Thoughtsturnfirsttosomesortofglobalstatistic,someindicatorwhichwouldratethewealthofnationsinbotheconomicandenvironmentaltermsandshowarelationshipbetweenthetwo.Ifsuchanindicatorexists,itiswellhidden.Andonreflection,thisisnotsurprising;thesingleword"environment"hassomanydimensions,andtherearesomanyotherfactorsaffectingwealth-suchastheoildeposits-thatteasingoutasimpleeconomy-environmentrelationshipwouldbealmostimpossible.TheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment,avastfour-yearglobalstudywhichreporteditsinitialconclusionsearlierthisyear,foundreasonstobelievethatmanagingecosystemsustainably-workingwithnatureratherthanagainstit-mightbelessprofitableintheshortterm,butcertainlybringslong-termrewards.AndtheWorldResourcesInstitute(WRI)initsWorldResources2005report,issuedattheendofAugust,producedseveralsuchexamplesfromAfricaandAsia;italsodemonstratedthatenvironmentaldegradationaffectsthepoormorethantherich,aspoorerpeoplederiveamuchhigherproportionoftheir edirectlyfromthenaturalresourcesaroundthem.Buttherearealsomanyexamplesofgrowingwealthbytrashingtheenvironment,inrichandpoorpartsoftheworldalike,whetherthroughunregulatedmineralextraction,drasticwateruseforagriculture,slash-and-burnfarming,orfossil-fuel-guzzling大量消耗transport.Ofcoursesuchgrowthmaynotpersistinthelongterm-whichiswhatMrBrownandtheStockholmdeclarationwerebothattemptingtopointout.PerhapsthebestexampleofboomgrowthandbustdeclineistheGrandBankfisheryForalmostfivecenturiesaverylargesupplyofcod(鳕鱼providedabundantrawmaterialforanindustrywhichatitspeakemployedabout40000people,sustainingentirecommunitiesinNewfoundland.Then,abruptly,thecodpopulationcollapsed.TherewerenolongerenoughfishintheseaforthestocktomaintainitselfletaloneanindustryMorethanadecadelatertherewasnosignoftheecosystemrebuildingitself.Ithad,apparently,beenfishedoutofexistence;andtheoncemightyNewfoundlandfleetnowgropesaboutfranticallyforcrabontheseafloor.ThereisaviewthatmodernhumansareinevitablysowingtheseedsofaglobalGrandBanks-styledisaster.Theideaisthatwearetakingmoreoutofwhatyoumightcallthenet'senvironmentalbankbalancethanitcansustain;wearelivingbeyondourecologicalmeans.Onerecentstudyattemptedtocalculatetheextentofthis"ecologicalgoodsandservices-theimplicationbeingthatatsomepointthedebtwillbecalledin,andallthoseservices-thethingswhichthenetdoesforusfor--willgrindtoahalt.Whetherthisisright,andifsowhereandwhentheecologicalaxewillfall,ishardtodeterminewithanyprecision--whichiswhyernmentsandfinancialinstitutionsareonlybeginningtobringsuchrisksintotheireconomiccalculations.Itisalsothereasonwhydevelopmentagenciesarenotunitedintheirviewofenvironmentalissues;whilesome,liketheWRI,maintaintheenvironmentalprogressneedstogohand-in-handwitheconomicdevelopment,othersarguethatthepriorityistobuildathrivingeconomy,andthenusethewealthcreatedtotackleenvironmentalThisviewassumesthatrichsocietieswillinvestinenvironmentalcare.Butisthisright?Dothingsgetbetterorworseaswegetricher?HeretheStockholmdeclarationisambiguous."Inthedevelocountries,"itsays,"mostoftheenvironmentalproblemsarecausedbyunderdevelopment."Soitissayingthateconomicdevelopmentshouldmakeforacleanerworld?Notnecessary;"Intheindustrialisedcountries,environmentalproblemsaregenerallyrelatedtoindustrialisationandtechnologicaldevelopment,"itcontinues.Inotherwords,poorandrichbothover-exploitthenaturalworld,butfordifferentreasons.It'ssimplynottruethateconomicgrowthwillsurelymakeourworldcleaner.Clearly,richersocietiesareabletoprovideenvironmentalimprovementswhichliewellbeyondthereachofpoorercommunities.Citizensofwealthynationsdemandnationalparks,cleanrivers,cleanairandpoison-food.Theyalso,however,useformorenaturalresources-fuel,water(allthosebathsandgolfcourses)andbuildingmaterials.Acasecanbemadethatrichnationsexportenvironmentalproblems,themostgraphicexamplebeingclimatechange.Asacountry'swealthgrows,sodoitsgreenhousegasemissions.Thefiguresavailablewillnotbecompleyaccurate.Measuringemissionsisnotaprecisescience,particularlywhenitcomestoissuessurroundinglanduse;notallnationshavereleasedup-to-datedata,andinanycase,emissionsfromsomesectorssuchasaviationarenotincludedinnationalstatistics.Butthedataisexactenoughforacleartrendtobeeasilydiscernible.Ascountries richer,theyproducemoregreenhousegases;andtheimpactofthosegaseswillfallprimaryinpoorpartsoftheworld.Wealthisnot,ofcourse,theonlyfactorinvolved.TheaverageNorwegianisbetteroffthantheaverageUScitizen,butcontributesabouthalfasmuchtoclimatechange.ButcouldNorwaykeepitsstandardoflivingandyetcutitsemissionstoMoroccanorevenEthiopianlevels?Thatquestion,repeatedacrossadozenenvironmentalissuesandacrossourdiversenet,iswhatwillultimaydeterminewhetherthehumanraceislivingbeyonditsecologicalmeansasitpursueseconomicExamplesshowthatbothrichandpoorcountriesexploitedtheenvironmentforeconomicprogress.EnvironmentalprotectionandimprovementbenefitpeopleallovertheItisnotnecessarilytruethateconomicgrowthwillmakeourworldThecommonthemeoftheUNreportsistherelationbetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicgrowth.DevelopmentagenciesdisagreeregardinghowtotackleenvironmentissuesensuringeconomicItisdifficulttofindsolidevidencetoproveenvironmentalfriendlinessgenerationsmoreprofitsthanexploitingthenaturalenvironment..SustainablemanagementofecosystemswillproverewardinginthelongApoliticiannotedforbeingcautiousassertsthatsustainablehumandevelopmentdependsonthenaturalenvironment.Poorcountrieswillhavetobearthecostforrichnations'economicOnerecentstudywarnsusofthedangeroftheexhaustionofnaturalresourcesonSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingInctiveevisionadvertising,whichallowsviewerstousetheirremotecontrolstoclickonadvertisements,hasbeenpushedforyears.Nearlyadecadeagoitwaspredictedthatviewersof"Friends",apopularsituationcomedy,wouldsoonbeabletopurchaseasweaterlikeJenniferAniston'swithafewtapsontheirremotecontrol.“It'sbeentheyearofinctiveevisionadvertisingforthelasttenortwelveyears,"saysCollinDixonofadigital-mediaconsultancy.SothenewsthatCablevision,anAmericancable wasrollingoutinctiveadvertisementstoallitscustomersonOctober6thwasgreetedwithsomeskepticism.Duringcommercials,anoverlaywillappearatthebottomofthescreen,promptingviewerstopressabuttontorequestasampleororderacatalogue.Cablevisionhopestoallowcustomerstobuythingswiththeirremotecontrolsearlynextyear.evisionadvertisingcoulddowithaboost.Spendingfellby10%inthefirsthalfthattheircommercialswillbeskipped.SomeareturningtotheInternet,whichischeaperandoffersconcretemeasurementslikeclick-throughrates-especiallyimportantatatimewhenmarketingbudgetsaretight.Withthelaunchofinctiveadvertising,"manyofthedollarsthatwenttotheInternetwillcomebacktotheTV,"saysDavidKlineofCablevision.Orsotheindustryhopes.Intheoryinctiveadvertisingcanengageviewersinawaythat30-secondspotornot.UnileverrecentlyrananinctivenforitsAxedrant(除臭剂whichkeptviewersengagedformorethanthreeminutesonTheamountspentoninctiveadvertisingonevisionisstillsmall.Magna,anadvertisingagency,reckonsitwillbeworthabout$138millionthisyear.Thatfallsfarshortofthebillionsofdollarspeopleonceexpectedittogenerate.ButDirecTV,ComcastandTimeWarnerCablehaveallinvestedinit.AneweffortledbyCanoeVentures,acoalitionofleadingcableproviders,aimstomakeinctiveadvertisingavailableacrossAmericalaterthisyear.BrightLineiTV,whichdesignsandsellsinctiveads,saysinteresthasargued:itexpectsitsrevenuesalmosttotriplethisyear.BSkyB,Britain'sbiggestsalite-evisionservice,alreadyprovides9millioncustomerswithinctiveads.Yettherearedoubtswhetherpeoplewatchingevision,a"leanback"medium,craveinction.Click-throughrateshavebeenhighsofar(around3-4%,comparedwithlessthan0.3%online),butthatmaybearesultofthenovelty.Inctiveadsandviewersmightnotgowelltogether.WhatdoesColinDixonmeanbysaying"It'sbeentheyearofinctiveevisionadvertisingforthelasttenortwelveyears"(Line4-5,Para.1)?Inctiveevisionadvertising epopularin10-12InctiveevisionadvertisinghasbeenunderdebateforthelastdecadeorInctiveevisionadvertisingissuccessfulwhenincorporatedintosituationInctiveevisionadvertisinghasnotachievedtheanticipatedWhatisthepublic'sresponsetoCablevision'snnedinctiveTVadvertisingPrettySomewhatRatherWhatistheimpactofthewideuseofdigitalrecordersonTVIthasmadeTVadvertisingeasilyaccessibletoIthelpsadvertiserstomeasuretheclick-throughIthascedTVadvertisingatagreatItenablesviewerstocheckthesalesitemswithWhatdowelearnaboutUnilever's ctiveItprovestheadvantageofTVIthasdonewellinengagingtheIthelpsattractinvestmentsinIthasboostedtheTVadvertisingHowdoestheauthorviewthehithertohighclick-throughTheymaybeduetothenovelwayofTheysignifythepopularityof ctiveTheypointtothegrowingcuriosityofTVTheyindicatethefuturedirectionofmediaPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingWhatcanbedoneaboutmassunemployment?Allthewiseheadsagree:there'renoquickoranyanswers.There'sworktobedone,butworkersaren'treadytodoit-they'reinthewrongces,ortheyhavethewrongskills.Ourproblemare"structural,"andwilltakemanyyearstosolve.Butdon'tbotheraskingforevidencethatjustifiesthisbleakview.Thereisn'tany.Onthecontrary,allthefactssuggestthathighunemploymentinAmericaistheresultofinadequatedemand.Sayingthatthere'renoeasyanswerssoundswise,butit'sactuallyfoolish:ourunemploymentcrisiscouldbecuredveryquicklyifwehadtheinlectualclarityandpoliticalwilltoact.Inotherwords,structuralunemploymentisafakeproblem,whichmainlyservesasanexcusefornotpursuingrealsolutions.Thefactisjobopeningshaveplungedineverymajorsector,whilethenumberofworkersdintopart-timeemploymentinalmostallindustrieshassoared.below5%.Sotheevidencecontradictstheclaimthatwe'remainlysufferingfromstructuralunemployment.Why,then,hasthisclaim esopopular?Partoftheansweristhatthisiswhatalwayshappensduringperiodsofhighunemployment——inpartbecauseexpertsandystsbelievethatdeclaringtheproblemtheproblemdeeplyrooted,withnoeasyanswers,makesthemsoundserious.I'vebeenlookingatwhatself-proclaimedexpertsweresayingaboutunemploymentduringtheGreatDepression;itwasalmostidenticaltowhatVerySeriousPeoplearesayingnow.Unemploymentcannotbebroughtdownrapidly,declaredone1935ysis,becausetheworkis"unadaptableanduntrained.Itcannotrespondtotheopportunitieswhichindustrymayoffer."Afewyearslater,alargedefensebuildupfinallyprovidedafiscalstimulusadequatetotheeconomy'sneeds-andindustrywaseagertoemploythose"unadaptableanduntrained"Butnow,asthen,powerful sareideologicallyopposedtothewholeideaofernmentactiononasufficientscaletojump-starttheeconomy.Andthat,fundamentally,iswhyclaimsthatwefacehugestructuralproblemshavebeenmultiplying:theyofferareasontodonothingaboutthemassunemploymentthatcripplingoureconomyandourSowhatyouneedtoknowisthatthere'snoevidencewhatsoevertobacktheseclaims.Wearen'tsufferingfromashortageofneededskills;we'resufferingfromalack—areasonnottoactonAmerica'sproblemsatatimewhenactionis yWhatdoestheauthorthinkistherootcauseofmassunemploymentinAmerica?A.Corporatemismanagement.B.InsufficientC.Technologicaladvances.D.Workers'slowadaptation.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheexpert'sclaimconcerningunemployment?WhatdoestheauthorsayhelpedbringunemploymentduringtheGreatTheboomingdefenseThewiseheads'benefitpackage.C.Nationwidetrainingofworkers.D.ThoroughrestructuringofWhathascausedclaimsofhugestructuralproblemstoPowerfulopposition ernment'sstimulusVerySeriousPeople'sattempttocrippletheeconomy.C.Evidencegatheredfrommanysectorsoftheindustries.D.Economists'failuretodetecttheproblemintime.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingtheTotestifytotheexperts'ysisofAmerica'sToofferafeasiblesolutiontothestructuralToshowtheurgentneedfor ernmenttotakeToalertAmericanworkerstotheurgencyforPart Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.’sinnovationishavingagreatboominunprecedentedrate.Inordertocatchupwithandsurpassthedevelopedcountriesintheworldinscienceandtechnologyassoonaspossible,’sresearchanddevelopmentfundshaverisenconsiderablyinrecentyears.Universitiesandresearchinstitutesinareactivelycarryingoutinnovativeresearches.Theseresearchesrangefrommassdatatobiochemistry,fromnewenergytohightechnologyfieldssuchasrobots.Theyalsoworkedcollaborativelywiththescienceandtechnologyparksfromallthecornersoftheworldtocommercializetheinnovativeachievements.Meanwhile,inordertoadapttothedomesticandforeignconsumermarket’sconstantlychangingandgrowingdemand,entrepreneurshavebeenworkinghardto ethepioneersofinnovation,eitherintheirproductsorbusinessmodels.ConversationM:SohowlonghaveyoubeenaMarketResearchW:Well,IstartedstraightafterfinishingM:DidyoustudymarketW:Yeah,anditreallyhelpedmetogetintothebutIhavetosaythatit'smoreimportanttogetexperienceindifferenttypesofmarketresearchtofindoutexactlywhatyou'reinterestedin.M:SowhatareyouinterestedW:Well,atthemoment,Ispecializeintativeadvertisingresearch,whichmeansthatIdotwotypesofprojects.Trackers,whichareongoingprojectsthatlookattrendsorcustomersatisfactionoveralongperiodoftime.Theonlyproblemwithtrackersisthatittakesupalotofyourtime.Butyoudobuildupagoodrelationshipwiththe.Ialsodoacoupleofad-hocjobswhicharemuchshorterM:Whatexactlydoyoumeanbyad-hocW:It'sbasicallywhencompaniesneedquickanswerstotheirquestionsabouttheirconsumers'habits.Theyjustaskforonequestionnairetobesentoutforexample,sothetimeyouspendonanad-hocprojecttendstobefairlyshort.M:Whichdoyouprefer,trackersorad-W:IlikengbothandinfactIneedtodobothatthesametimetokeepmefromgoingcrazy.Ineedthevariety.M:CanyoujustexinwhatprocessyougothroughwithanewW:Well,togetherwedecideonthemethodologyandtheobjectivesoftherIthendesignaquestionnaire.Oncetheinterviewershavebeenbriefed,Isendtheascheduleandthentheygetbacktomewithdeadlines.Oncethefinalchartsandtablesareready,Ihavetocheckthemandorganizeapresentation.M:Hmm,onelastquestion,whatdoyoulikeanddislikeaboutyourjob?W:AsIsaid,varietyisimportantandasforwhatIdon'tlike,ithastobethecheckingofchartsandtables.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustQuestion1:Whatpositiondoesthewomanholdinthe?Question2:Whatdoesthewomanspecializeinatthemoment?Question3:Whatdoesthewomansayabouttrackers?Question4:WhatdoesthewomandislikeaboutherConversationW:o,I'mherewithNowFred,youwenttouniversityinM:Yeah,that'sW:OK,andyouhaveverystrongviewsaboutuniversitiesinCanada.Couldyoupleaseexin?M:Well,wedon'thaveprivateuniversitiesinCanada.They'reallAlltheuniversitiesareownedbytheernment,sothereistheMinistryofEducationinchargeofcreatingthecurriculumfortheuniversitiesandsothereisnotmuchroomforSinceit'saernmentoperatedinstitution,thingsdon'tmoveveryfast.Ifyouwantsomethingtobedone,thentheirstaffdonothavesomuchincentivetohelpyoubecausehe'saworkerfortheernment.SoIdon'tthinkit'sveryHowever,therearecertainadvantagesofpublicuniversities,suchasthefeesbeing.Youdon'thavetopayforyoureducation.Butthesystemisn'tefficient,anditdoesnotworkthatW:Yeah,Icanseeyourpoint,butintheUnitedStateswehavemanyprivateuniversities,andIthinktheyarelargebureaucraciesalso.Maybepeopledon'tactthatmuchdifferently,becauseit'sthesamethingworkingforaprivateuniversity.Theygetpaidfortheirjob.Idon'tknowifthey'rethatmuchmoretohelpAlso,wehaveaproblemintheUnitedStatesthatusuallyonlywealthykidsgotothebestschoolsandit'skindofaproblemactually.M:Iagreewithyou.Ithinkit'saproblembecauseyou'renotgivingequalaccesstoeducationtoeverybody.It'snoteasy,buthavingonlypublicuniversitiesalsomightnotbethebestsoPerhapswecanlearnfromJapanwheretheyhaveasystemofprivateandpublicuniversities.Now,inJapan,publicuniversitiesareconsideredtobetheW:Right.It'stheexactoppositeintheUnitedM:So,asyousee,it'sveryhardtosaywhichoneisW:Right,agoodQuestions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Question5:WhatdoesthewomanwantFredericktotalkabout?Question6:WhatdoesthemansayaboutthecurriculuminCanadianuniverQuestion7:OnwhatpointdothespeakersQuestion8:Whatpointdoesthemanmakeattheendoftheconversation?PassageOneArecentInternationalLaborOrganizationreportsaysthedeteriorationofrealwagesaroundtheworldcallsintoquestionthetrueextentofaneconomicrecovery,especiallyifernmentrescuepackagesarephasedouttooearly.Thereportwarnsthepictureonwagesislikelytogetworsethisyeardespiteindicationsofaneconomicrebound.PatrickBelser,aninternationallabororganizationspecialist,saysdecliningwageratesarelinkedtothelevelsofunemployment.Thequitedramaticunemploymentfeatures,whichwenowseeinsomeofthecountries,stronglysuggestthattherewillbeagreatpressureonwagesinthefutureasmorepeoplewillbeunemployed,morepeoplewillbelookingforjobsandthepressureonemployerstoraisewagestoattractworkerswilldecline.Soweexpectthatthesecondpartoftheyearwouldnotbeverygoodintermsofwagegrowth.Thereportfindsmorethanaquarterofthecountriesexperiencedflatorfallingmonthlywagesi