中考英语定语从句专项复习

中考英语专项复习——定语从句

一、考查以that与which引导的定语从句

1．通常只能用that的情况

1）当先行词是不定代词a11，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing，everything等时。

2）先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被a11，any，every，each，few，little，no，some，

the

only．the

very．the

last等修饰时。

3）如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词that。

Without

friendship,

one

can't

be

happy

although

he

is

rich

enough.

As

for

me,

I

will

never

forget

the

days

__

I

spent

with

my

dearest

friend.

[哈尔滨市]

A.

that

B.

when

C.

who

2．通常只用which的情况

(1)引导非限定性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。

(2)引导非限定性定语从句，而且先行词指物时只能用which，不用that。

(3)如果句中有两个定语从句，如果两个从句都可以用that引导，那么其中一个应改用which引导。

【考例】Many

young

people

love

the

songs

_________have

great

lyrics.

[成都市]

A.

who

B.

those

C.

which

二、考查以who，whom与whose引导的定语从句

(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，nobody，one，ones，those，all(指人)等作先行词，作主语用who，作宾语用whom。who而不用which。

(2)在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who，作宾语用whom，who。

(3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用whose，它相当于the+名词+of

+which／whom；非限制性定语从句中还有

“代词／数词+of

+which／whom"结构。

【考例The

man

_________

gave

us

a

talk

on

science

yesterday

is

a

famous

scientist.

[广东省]

A.

who

B.

whose

C.

which

D.

whom

--Do

you

know

the

man

__is

running

along

the

street?

--Yes.

He

is

our

English

teacher.

[长沙市]

A.

who

B.

which

C.

whom

三、考查关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句

它们相当于“介词+which"，其中where=in／at

+which；when=at／in／during

+which；why=for

+which。

(1)关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。

（2）关系副词when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。

(3)关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必

须是表示原因的名词。

Disney

is

an

amusement

park

you

can

find

a11

the

normal

attractions

and

Disney

movies

and

characters．

A．which

B．where

C．that

D

．when

五、对“介词+关系代词”的考查

当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which”，指人则用“介词+whom"，且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则：根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定。

【考例】Do

you

know

the

young

lady

____your

mother

is

talking?

(湖北黄石)

A.

who

B.

whom

C.

with

whom

D.

which

【语法回顾】

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词（that,

which,

who,

whom,

whose）或关系副词(when,

where)，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。

关系代词、副词

作用

先行词

例句

that，

who，

whom(只做宾语)

主语、宾

语、表语

人

Do

you

know

the

girl

who／that

is

standing

under

a

tree?你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?

that，which

主语、宾

语、表语

物、时

间、地

点、原

因

She

got

a

computer

which／that

her

parents

bought

for

her．

她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。

whose

定语

人物

The

boy

whose

father

is

a

doctor

studies

very

hard．他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。

The

classroom

whose

window

is

open

is

mine．窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。

when

状语

时间

I

still

remember

the

day

when

you

leave

for

Beijing．我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。

where

状语

地点

This

is

the

school

where

my

mother

works．这就是我妈妈

工作的学校。

why

状语

原因

Could

you

explain

the

reason

why

you

were

late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?

第

-

2

-

页

共

4

页

二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)：

1．that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。

This

is

the

pen

that

you

are

looking

for.

这是你要找的那支钢笔。(宾语)

The

girl

that

has

long

hair

is

my

sister.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。（主语）

2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。

The

bike

which

is

made

in

Tianjin

sells

well.天津产的自行车销售很好。（主语）

The

fish

which

we

bought

were

not

fresh.我们买的鱼不新鲜。(宾语)

3．who,

whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。

The

boy

who

broke

the

window

is

called

Tom.打碎窗户的男孩叫Tom.

（主语）

The

person

to

whom

he

is

talking

is

my

father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语)

4．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。

The

girl

whose

bag

is

new

is

called

Ann.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)

He

lives

in

a

house

whose

widows

open

to

the

south.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子。(指物)

三、只用which不用that的情况：

1．在介词后只用which，不能用that。

This

is

the

bank

in

which

the

robbery

happened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。

2．先行词本身是that时，只能用which，不能用that。

The

clock

is

that

which

tells

the

time.钟表是用来报时的。

四、只用that不用which的情况：

1．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。

This

is

the

most

beautiful

mountain

that

I

have

seen.

这是我所见过的最美丽的山。

2．先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。

The

first

English

novel

that

I

read

was

Thirty-nine

Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》。

3.

先行词前有all,

any,

no,

little,

much,

many,

the

only,

the

very,

the

last等修饰词时只能用that。

Here

are

all

the

books

that

I

have.

这就是我所有的书。

This

is

the

only

book

that

I

like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。

4．先行词是everything,

something,

anything,

all,

none,

much,

little,

many,

few等不定代词时，只能用that。

Finally,

the

thief

handed

in

everything

that

he

had

stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。

5．先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，只能用that。

I

can

remember

the

people

and

some

pictures

that

I

saw

in

the

room.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。

6．先行词是the

one时，只能用that。

This

is

the

one

that

you

want.

这就是你想要的。

7．在以who引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that。

Who

is

the

girl

that

is

standing

there?

站在那边的那个女孩是谁？

五、在介词后只能用whom，不能用who。

The

girl

to

whom

I

talked

just

now

is

from

America.

我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩是来自美国的。

六、定语从句中主谓一致的问题：

当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。

Tom

is

one

of

the

boys

who

are

from

the

USA.

Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。

Tom

is

the

only

boy

that

is

from

the

USA.

Tom是惟一从美国来的男孩。

七、定语从句中的介词与副词的问题：

当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词时，要加介词或副词。(定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后，不能把介词或副词提前到关系代词前。)

He

is

the

old

man

who/whom

we

looked

after

last

year.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。

That

is

the

book

which

I

am

looking

for.那就是我要找的书。

八、关系副词when与where的使用：

1．when指时间：

—Yes.

He

is

an

ordinary(普通的)worker

______

helps

many

poor

children

in

China.

A.

that

B.

which

C.

whom

34.【衡阳】I

love

the

school

I

have

studied

in

for

three

years

A.

where

B.

when

C.

that

35.【十堰】

The

Palace

Museum

is

the

best

place

_________

I’ve

ever

visited.