医学免疫学教学课件：1免疫学绪论

HostDefenseandImmunityReferencesReferenceswebsite：//index.html/ChapterIIntroductionofImmunologyImmune?ImmuneVaccinationBonemarrowtransplantation？Organtransplantation？Allergy？AIDS?Clone？Stemcelltransplantation？Thethreefrontierdisciplineofmedicalscience：

Immunology

Cellbiology

MolecularbiologySpecialfeatures:developfast,infiltratemanyothersubjectsSection1BasicconceptsofImmunologyI.Thedefinitionofimmune1.immunity

Latinimmunitas/immunis---freedomfrom,theexemptionofanindividualfromserviceordutyAstateofhavingsufficientbiologicaldefencestoavoidinfection,disease,orotherunwantedbiologicalinvasion

2.ImmunesystemImmuneorgansImmunecellsandmoleculesAgPlasmacellTCellularimmunityBActivatedTAbHumoralimmunitydiscriminate“self”and“non-self”-foreignrecognizeand

respondto“non-self”Immunefunctions

ImmunefunctionsNormalManifestationsAbnormalManifestationsImmunedefenseResistinginvasionofpathogensHypersensitivityreactionNeutralizingtoxinsImmunodeficiencydiseasesImmunehomeostasisImmunoregulationImmunedismodulationImmunetolerancetoself-componentsAutoimmunediseasesImmunesurveillanceKillingtransformedcellsTumorControllingpersistentinfectionPersistentviralinfectionII.Innateimmunityandadaptiveimmunity1.innateimmunity

non-specificimmunity,congenitalimmunity,nativeimmunity

native，non-specific，non-memory2.adaptiveimmunity

specificimmunity,acquiredimmunity

acquired，specific，memoryinnateimmunityadaptiveimmunityfeaturenativedon’tneedAgstimulationacquiredAgstimulationinducedtimeseveralmins-96h4-5drecognitionreceptorPRRTCR，BCRmemorycellnoyescomponentsphagocyte,NK,cytokinesTcellB

cellIII.ImmunediseasesRelationshipbetweenabnormalimmuneresponseanddiseasesimmuneresponse:double-edgedswordStateofimmuneresponseDiseaseshighimmuneresponsehypersensitivitylowimmuneresponseordefect immunodeficiencydiseasestumorimmuneresponsetoselfantigenautoimmunediseasesIV.

ImmunologyandimmunologicalapplicationStudyonimmunephenomenon,essenceanditsapplicationimmunologicaldiagnosispreventionofinfectiousdiseasesdiseasetreatmentimmunologicaldiagnosisdiseasetreatmentSectionII

ThehistoryofImmunology“Hewhoignoreshistoryisdoomedtorepeatit.”I.

ExperiencestageinImmunologyThefirstmilestone：SixteenthcenturyChinesepeople,smallpox“cureapoisonedpatientwithpoison”smallpox

Smallpoxiscausedbyinfectionwithvariolavirus,acuteonsetoffevergreaterthan38.30Cfollowedbyarashcharacterizedbyfirm,deepseatedvesiclesorpustules.smallpoxhasanoverallfatalityrateofabout30%.VariolationCowpoxvaccineinduceprotectionagainsthumansmallpoxEdwardJenner(1749—1823)Englishdoctor1796.5.14Cowpoxvaccine1798

《Vaccination》/vaccines-diseases/history/historyTheEdwardJennerMuseumSmallpoxisDead!Afterananxiousperiodofwatchingfornewcases,in1980theWHOformallydeclared:"SmallpoxisDead!"Themostfeareddiseaseofalltimehadbeeneradicated,fulfillingthepredictionthatEdwardJennerhadmadein1801.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthetaskhestartedhasledtothesavingofmorehumanlivesthantheworkofanyotherperson.

1977

thelastcaseofsmallpoxinSomalia1979.10.26

Smallpoxwaseradicatedfromtheworld2014.5TheUnitedStatesofAmericaandtheformerSovietUnionwasplanedtodestroysmallpoxvirusJennerisacknowledgedastheFatherofImmunology-thescienceofourbody'sdefenceagainstinvadingbugsandchemicals.Thelastremainingspecimensofthesmallpoxviruswerenowheldinjusttwolaboratories,inSiberiaandUSA.Thesamples,usedforresearch,areaffordedhighersecuritythananuclearbomb.ItissaidtobedestroyedBut……July,2014Whichoneisthenextinfectiousdiseasetoeliminateintheprogramme?II.ThestageofexperimentalandtheoreticalstudiesinImmunologyLive-attenuatedvaccine(1880)

LouisPasteur,France

ChickencholerabacillusChickenFallill(Cholera)

TheoldchickencholerabacillusChicken

NodiseasesFreshchickencholerabacillusNodiseasevaccinationDiscoveryofantibodies,antitoxin(1890)

VonBehring

andKitasato：

anti-Diphtheriatoxinserum

Passiveimmunity

VonBehring:AwardedtheFirstNobelprizeforMedicineandPhysiology(1901)Freshguineapigserum560，30min,inactivatedserumJBordet（hemolysis,1898）

TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine1919

DiscoveryofcomplementKarlLandsteinerAwardedtheNobelprizeforMedicineandPhysiology(1930)ABObloodtype:DiscoveryofbloodantigensonhumanredbloodcellElieMetchnikoffPaulEhrlichTheoryofcellularimmunityTheoryofhumoralimmunityAwardedtheNobelprizeforMedicineandPhysiology(1908)Thetheoreticalfoundationofmodernimmunology--------

Clonalselectiontheory

AwardedtheNobelprizeforMedicineandPhysiology(1960)Review:Theclonalselectiontheory:50yearssincetherevolution.NatImmunol.2007Oct;8(10):1019-26.ProgenitorcellslymphocyteswithspecificdifferentBCR/TCRduringembryostageSelfantigenSelfantigenForeignantigenEliminationofimmatureself-reactivelymphocyteclonesbyclonaldeletionMatureandnaïvelymphocyterepertoireAntigenspecificlymphocytecloneexpansion(effectcell)andantigeneliminationClonalselectiontheory

ImmunologicaltoleranceIII.

StageofmodernimmunologyTBTCR,BCRMHCCellsignaltransductionImmuneresponsemechnaismsSectionIII

ThetrendofthedevelopmentofImmunologyintwenty-firstCenturyI.Basicimmunology

ImmuneresponsemechanismsII.Clinicalimmunology

prevention,diagnosis,treatmentSectionIVImmuneorgansandtissuesImmunesystemImmuneorgansImmunocytesImmunemoleculesImmuneorgans1.Centralimmuneorgans2.PeripheralimmuneorgansThymusBonemarrowbursaofFabriciuslymphnodesspleenMucosalassociatedlymphoidtissue(MALT)CentralimmuneorganswhereimmunecellsaregeneratedanddifferentiateintomaturecellsFunctionsofBonemarrowhematopoiesis,thesiteofgenerationofallcirculatingbloodcellsintheadult,includingimmunecellsthesiteofBcellsmaturationoneoftheorganwherethesecondaryhumoralimmunityhappens

FunctionsofThymusthesiteofTcellsmaturationimmunologicalregulationsetupmaintenanceofselftolerance

PeripheralimmuneorganswherematureimmunecellsresideandmostimmuneresponselaunchedMALTunencapsulatedlymphoidtissueswhichliejustbelowthemucosalepitheliainmanyregionsofthealimentary,genitourinaryandrespiratorytracts,includingdiffuselymphoidtissueandlymphoidaggregates

Function:participatelocalmucosalimmuneresponse

Characteristic:mainlyproducesIgAImmunocytesmononuclearcellneutrophilDCT,BcellImmunemoleculesFrontImmunol.2013Jul16;4:198.StructureoftheimmunesystemImmuneorgansImmunocytesImmunemoleculesCentralimmuneorganPeripheralimmuneorganMembranemoleculeSecretorymoleculeBonemarrowThymusBursaofFibriciusSpleenLymphodenodeMucosalassociatedlymphoidtissue(MALT)Skinassociatedlymphoidtissue(SALT)Hematopoieticstemcell(HSC)PluripotentstemcellsCommittedstemcellsLymphocytesT,BlymphocytesMononuclearPhagocytesMonocytesMacrophagesDendriticcellsGranulocytesNeutrophilsEosinophilsBasophilsMastcellsErythrocytesPlateletsTCRBCRMHCAMCDIgRCRMRCKROtherreceptorsIgComplementcytokineAg,AbImmunemoleculesC,MHCCK，CD，AMInnateimmunecellsImmunecellsAPC,TcellsBcellsInnateimmuneresponseI