2012年全国高考英语试题及答案卷

2012年普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（大纲版）卷II答第Ⅰ2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，(50分第一节(515分例haveA.B.C.D.C1.A.B.C.D.2.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.4.A.B.C.D. A. B. C. D.第二节语法和词汇知识（15115分A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂例:Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorsheA. B. C. D.B–Whatshallwedotonightthen?– –whateveryouwant.A.Help B.It'sa C.No D.It'suptoHemissed goldinthehighjump,butwillget secondchanceinthelongA.the; B.不填; C.the; D.a;不Thatevening, Iwilllyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupworkingveryA. B. C. D.Sarahmade totheairportjustintimetocatchhernethisA. B. C. D.Tonylentmethemoney, thatI'ddoasmuchforA.hoB.to C. Ihadhardlygottotheoffice mywifephonemetogobackhomeatA. B. C. D.We topaintthewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatA.set B.set C.set D.setNexttobiology,Ilikephysics A. B. C.the D.very–DidyouaskSophiaforI needto–ImanagedperfectlywellonmyA. B. C. D.Theoldmansatinfrontofthe evisioneveryevening,happy anythingthathappenedtobeon.A.to B. C. D.tohave100℃isthetemperature whichwaterwillA. B. C. D.I'mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI findtheA. B. C. D.Themanager theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9A.has B. C.has lingD.willhaveTheHarryPotterbooksarequitepopular;theyareingreat inthisA. B. C. D.–Trynottoworkyourselftoohard.TakeitThanks. A.So B.No C.What 第三节(15分)AroundtwentyyearsagoIwaslivinginYork.21IhadalotofexperienceandaMaster'sdegree,Icouldnotfind22work.Iwas23aschoolbustomakeendsmeetand24withafriendofmine,forIhadlostmyflat.Ihad25fiveinterviews(面试)witha andonedaybetweenbusrunstheycalledtosayIdidnot26thejob.“Whyhasmylife eso27?”IthoughtAsIpulledthebusoverto alittlegirl,shehandedmeanearning Ishouldkeep somebodyclaimed认领it.TheearringwaspaintedblackandsaidBEAtfirstIgotangry.Thenit31me–Ihadbeengivingallofmy32towhatwasgoingwrongwithmy33ratherthanwhatwasright!Idecidedthenandtheretomakea34offiftythingsIwashappywith.Later,Idecidedto35morethingstothelist.Thatnighttherewasaphonecallfor36fromaladywhowasadirectoratalarger37.SheaskedmeifIwould38aone-daylectureonstress(压力)managementto200medicalworkers.Isaidyes.My39therewentverywell,andbeforelongIgotawell-paidjob.TothisdayIknowthatitwasbecauseIchangedmywayof40thatIcompleychangedmylife.21.A.B.C.D.22.A.B.C.D.23.A.B.C.D.24.A.B.C.D.25.A.preparedB.C.askedD.26.A.B.C.D.27.A.B.C.D.28.A.waveB.dropC.callD.look29.A.B.C.D.30.A.inB.orC.asD.now31.A.B.C.D.32.A.B.C.D.33.A.B.C.D.34.A.B.C.D.35.A.B.C.D.36.A.B.aC.D.my37.A.B.C.D.38.A.listenB.C.D.talk39.A.B.C.D.40.A.B.C.D.第二部分阅读理解（45分）第一节语篇阅读（2分） 在答题卡上将该项涂黑（每小题2分）AColdweathercanhardonpets,justlikeitcanbehardonpeopleSometimesownersforgetthattheircatsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter(住所)astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime,thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.ThiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillnessTherearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout,stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou'recoldenoughtogoinside,theyprobablyaretoo.Iyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime,makesuretheyhaveawarm,solidshelteragainstthewind,thickbedding,andplentyofnon-frozenwater.Ifleftaloneoutside,dogsandcatscanbeverysmartintheirsearchforwarmshelter.Theycandigintosnowbanksorhidesomewhere.Watchthemcloselywhentheyareleftoutdoors,andprovidethemwithshelterofgoodquality.Keepaneyeonyourpet'swater.Sometimesownersdon'trealizethatawaterbowlhasfrozenandtheirpetcan'tgetanythingtodrink.Animalsthatdon'thavecleanandunfrozenwatermaydrinkdirtywateroutside,whichmaycontainsomethingunhealthyforthem.WhatdowelearnaboutpetsfromParagraphTheyareoftenforgottenbytheirTheyareusedtolivingTheybuildtheirwonTheyliketostayinwarmWhyarepetownersaskedtostaywiththeirpetswhentheyareoutincoldToknowwhentobringthemTokeepthemfromeatingbadTohelpthemfindTokeepthemIfpetsareleftontheirownoutdoorsincoldweather,theymay runshortofclean B.digdeepholesforC.dirtythesnow D.getlostintheWhatisthepurposeofthisTosolvea B.TogivepracticalC. laninteresting D.TopresentaresearchBYoumaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport,butitisreallynothardtolearnit.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.AndyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesabouttheFirst,youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?”Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectionlsyouwhattodowiththesail.Let'sstartwiththewindblowingfromthebehindThismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection.Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata90°angle(角度)totheboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside,itisblowingacrosstheboatInthiscaseyoumustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboatItshouldbeata45°angletotheboatItneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind,butitshouldn'tflap(摆动).Itshouldn'tlooklikeonaflagpole.Ifitisflap,itisprobablyouttoofar,andtheboatwillslowdown.Sailingintothewindisnotpossible.Ifyoutry,thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop.Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Itispossible,butyoucan'tgoinastraightline.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretacking,youmustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.WhatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhileSailors' B.WaveC.Wind D.SizeofWhatdoestheword“It”underlinedinParagraph4referA.The B.The C.The D.TheWhatdoyouhavetodowhensailingagainsttheMoveinastraight B.AllowthesailtoC.Lowerthe D.TacktheWherecanyouprobablyfindtheInapopular B.InatouristC.Inaphysicstextbook. D.Inanofficialreport.Facialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.Forexample,inAmericanculture(文化)thesisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure.Yetitalsohasotheruses.Awoman'ssataofficerdoesnotcarrythesamemeaningasthesshegivestoayoungchild.As mayshowloveorpoliteness.Itcanalsohidetruefeelings.Itoftencausesconfusion(困惑)acrosscultures.Forexample,manypeopleinRussiasmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandevenimproper.YetmanyAmericanss lyatstrangersinpublicces(althoughthisislesscommoninbigcities).SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssinthewrongces;someAmericansbelievethatRussiansdon'tsenough.InSoutheastAsianculture,asisfrequentlyusedtocoverpainfulfeelings.Vietnamesepeoplemaylasadstorybutendthestorywithas.Ourfacesshowemotions(情感),butweshouldnotattemptto“read”peoplefromanothercultureaswewould“read”someonefromourowncultureThefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyasdomembersofanotherdoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions.Rather,thereareculturaldifferencesintheamountoffacialexpressionspermitted.Forexample,inpublicandinformalsituationsmanyJapanesedonotshowtheiremotionsaslyasAmericansdoWhenwithfriendsJapaneseandAmericansseemtoshowtheiremotionssimilarly.ItisdifficulttogeneralizeaboutAmericansandfacialexpressivenessbecauseof alandculturaldifferencesintheUnitedStates.PeoplefromcertainculturalbackgroundsintheUnitedStatesseemtobemorefaciallyexpressivethanothers.Thekeyistotrynottojudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionaredifferent.Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabits,wemaymakethemistakeof“reading”theother WhatdoesthesusuallymeanintheA. B. C. D.Theauthormentionsthe oftheVietnamesetoprovethat can showfriendlinessto B.beusedtohidetrueC.beusedinthewrong D. alWhatshouldwedobeforeattemptingto“read”LearnabouttheirrelationswithUnderstandtheirculturalFindoutabouttheirpastFigureoutwhattheywilldoWhatwouldbethebesttitlefortheCultural B.SandC.Facial D.HabitsandDADDISABABA,Ethiopia–Oneoftheworld'smostfamousfossils(化石)–the3.2million-year-oldLucyskeleton骨骼unearthedinEthiopiain1974willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStates,officialssaidTuesday.EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital,AddisAbaba,isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.AteamfromtheMuseumofNationalScienceinHouston,Texas,spentfouryearsdiscussingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour,whichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember.“Ethiopia'srichcultureofboththepastandtoday,isoneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworld,”saidJoelBartsch,directoroftheHoustonThesix-yeartourwillalsogotoWashington,NewYork,DenverandChicago.OfficialssaidsixotherU.S.citiesmaybeonthetour.Buttheysaidnshadnotbeenworkedout.TravellingwithLucywillbe190otherLucy,hernametakenfromaBeatlessongthatyedinacampthenightofherdiscovery,ispartoftheskeletonofwhatwasoncea312-foot-tallape-man(猿人).Theauthorwritesthistextmainlyto introduceafewU.S.describesomeresearchdiscussthevalueofanape-reportacomingWhatdoesthewords“areplica”inParagraph2referA.Apaintingofthe B.AphotographofC.Acopyofthe D.AwrittenrecordofHowmanycitieshasLucy'sU.S.tournalreadyA. B. C. D.WhatwastheskeletonnamedA.Anape- B.A C.A D.AEMakeUpYourMindtoKind-heartedparentshaveunknowinglylefttheirchildrendefenselessagainstfailure.Thegenerationbornbetween1980and2001grewupyingsportswherescoresandperformancewereyeddownbecause“everyone'swinter.”Andtheirreportcardssoundedmorepositive(正面的)thaneverbefore.Asaresult,StanfordUniversityprofessorCarolDweck,PhD,callsthem“theoverpraisedgeneration.”Dweckhasbeenstudyinghowpeopledealwithfailurefor40years.Herresearchhasledhertofindouttwoclearlydifferentmind-setsthathaveagreateffectonhowwereacttoit.Here'showtheywork:Afixedmind-setisgroundedinthebeliefthattalent(才能)isgenetic–you'reaborn,pointguard,ornumbers .Thefixedmind-setbelievesit'ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureas alshame.Whenthingsgetdifficult,it'squicktoblame,lie,andevenstayawayfromfuturedifficulties.Ontheotherhand,agrowthmind-setbelievesthatnotalentisentirelyheaven-sentandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossibleBecausetheego自尊isn'tonthelineasmuch,thegrowthmind-setseesfailureasachanceratherthanshameWhenfacedwithadifficultyit'squicktorethink,changeandtryagain.Infact,itenjoysthisexperience.Weareallbornwithgrowthmind-sets.(Otherwise,wewouldn'tbeabletoliveintheworld.)Butparents,teachers,andinstructorsoftenpushusintofixedmind-setsbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectingpraise.Dweck'sbook,Mind-set:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,andonlineinstructionalprogramexinthisindepth.Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartngtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren,grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyWhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthepresentTheydon'tdowellat B.TheyareoftenC.Theyareeagertowinin D.TheyaregiventoomuchAfixedmind- isprobablyonewhodoesn'twanttoworkcaresalot alcannotsharehisideaswithcansucceedwiththehelpofWhatdoesthegrowthmind-setAdmittingfailureisTalentcomeswithone'sScoresshouldbehighlyGettingoverdifficultiesisWhatshouldparentsdofortheirchildrenbasedonDweck'sEncouragethemtolearnfromPreventthemfrommakingGuidethem nglittleHelpthemgrowwith第二节根据内容，从后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。(1分)Daughter:Dad.Youloveme,don'tyou?Father:Ofcourse,Ido. Daughter:Well,Isawthisgreatofferfora phonehereinthenewspaper,and… Daughter:Well,thephoneis …afterthe＄50Ipayisreturnedtome.Father:Ah,sothat'sthecatch. Daughter:Dad.Allmyfriendshaveone.Father:Ah,Idon'tknow. Daughter:Butthemonthlychargeforthisserviceisonly＄29.99,with1,000 minutesnationwide,andunlimitedweekendminutes.Father:Idon'tDaughter:PleaseDad.Withthenewphoneyouwon'thavetoworryaboutmewhileI'mdrivingthenewcar. Daughter:Thenewcaryou'llneedtobuysoIcanusetheAh…what'sonyourNewcar?Whatnew?Nothing'severWhatdidyoudotothenewAndwhyonearthdoyouneedaTheyalwayschargealotfortheButwhatisthetermoftheserviceII第三部分写作(55分)第一节单词拼写(1分)Doyouspeakany (外国)Rebeccawasthe (骄傲ofherWillyoustop (打断mewhenI'mDavidBeckham's (国籍)isThe (现代historyofItalydatesfromBob's (侄子isafreshmanatHarvardAlicewantedtoborrowJack'scomputer,buthe (Her (书架arefilledwithbooksandWhatareyougirls (耳语Don't (咳嗽morethanyoucan第二节(15分:（√；::（∧该行错一个词:在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意:DearI'mwritingtolyouopinionaboutwatersaving. Waterisimportant.We,aswellasanimal,cannotlive withoutwaterandneitheragricultureorindustrycango withoutit.Yetitseemedwateris inglessandless. Manycountriesintheworldfindwedon'thaveenoughwater.80. Todealwithaproblem,Ithink,weshouldfirstgoall outtonttreesthoughtr