政经法社新的通讯技术带来了跨越多个边界透明度和对话文化将在为其制定

Newcommunicationtechnologybringswithittransparencyanddialogueacrossamultitudeofborders.Itnolongergoeswithoutsayingthatculturewillbecreatedorconsumedinthecesdesignatedforit.ADIYattitudecombinedwithnewtechnologyfurnishespeoplewithculturewhichhasnolongerbeensanctionedbyanycultural新的通讯技术带来了多个边界的和。文化将在为其制定的地方创造或将不再是毋庸Discrepanciesbetweenthesalariesofwomenandmenhavedecreasedinrecentyears,withtheaveragefemalesalarystandingat73.3percentoftheaveragemalesalaryin2008.Theexistinggenderpaygapiscausedbythefactthatwomen,inmostcases,eitherworkinlesswell-paidswhicharetraditionallyconsideredfeminineoccupations,suchaseducationandhealth-careservices,oroccupylow-paidpositionssuchassubordinatejobswithnomanagerialtasksorprerogatives.近年来，男女薪金差异缩小，2008年，女性平均薪金为平均薪金的73.3%。之所以两性薪金有差距，是Thesituationofwomeninthelabormarket,inspiteoftheirhigheroveralllevelofeducation,isfirst,byaconcentrationofwomeninpublic-sectorjobssuchashealthcare,socialassistanceandeducation,and,secondly,bytheexistenceofadisparityinremunerationbetweenwomenandmeninboththepublicandprivatesectorsduetothefactthatwomenareemployedlowerdownthehierarchy.Boththesefactorsleadtowomenhavinglower Inthefirstfewyearsafter2000,theRepublicofMoldovabecameoneofthemajorsourcesofhumantraffickinginSouth-EasternEurope,predominantlyingirlsandwomen,ofwhom14%wereunder18.MorethanhalfwereagedineitherthedestinationcountriesorMoldovaduetochangingtraffickingpatterns,stigma-relatedfears,lowlevelsofself-esteemandalackofconfidenceinlawenmentbodies.许多受害者在目的地国或摩尔多瓦都没有被确认。不明的原因有贩运模式不断变化、受害者担心污名外传，自尊心较弱，不信任机构。Evidencepresentedatthe2008High-levelMeetingindicatedthatagrowingnumberofcountrieshaveadoptedlawstoprotectpeoplelivingwithHIVfromdiscrimination.However,in2007,onethirdofcountriesreportedthattheylackedsuchlaws.InaccordancewiththecommitmentsmadebyStatesunderinternationalhumanrightsinstrumentsandthe2006PoliticalDeclarationtoenact,strengthenoren,asappropriate,legislationtoeliminateallformsofdiscriminationagainstpeoplelivingwithHIVandmembersofvulnerablegroups,countriesthatlackanti-discriminationlegislationshouldputsuchlawsince.2008年高级别会议上显示，越来越多的国家通过法律以保护毒者不受，然而2007年，1/3的国家在报告中，它们没有这种法律。按照各国根据国际文书以及2006年的《政治Theeffortsmadebythetocombatagainstwomeninitsvariousformsandhumantraffickingareconsiderable,especiallyinrelationtothedevelopmentoflegalinstrumentsandpolicies.However,despitethisprogress,thediscrepancybetweenthelegalframeworkandtherealityatthecommunitylevelisgreat.Tomakefurtherheadwayinthisarea,itisimportanttorecognizetherelationshipbetweenthestatusofwomeninsocietyandthediverseformsofagainstthem,andtofundamentallychangethepublicattitudethatagainstwomenisa"private"matterbyinitiatingawareness-raisingns.Alsoneededisspecifictrainingondomesticissuesforlawenmentofficers,prosecutors,judgesandvariouscategoriesofspecialistsfromthehealth-caresystemandsocialassistance.Theernmentshouldfurtherpromoteandsupportpartnershipswithcivilsocietytostrengthentheinfrastructureofservicesforassistanceandprotectiontovictimsofandhumantrafficking.、 妇女在社会中的地位同不同形式妇女行为之间的关系，并启动、

和系统及社 问题的专门培训。应当进一步增进和支持与民间社会的伙伴关系，加强为行为和贩运人口行为受害者提供和保护服务的基础设施。Althoughaconsiderablepartoftheanti-traffickingactivitiescarriedoutbytheRepublicofMoldovaimplementedbyinternationalorganizationsandremaindependentoninternationaldonorfunding,ernmenthasimproveditseffortstoprotectvictimsandhasprovideddirectfinancialassistancetohelpwithvictimsprotectionandassistance.Ithasyedaleadingrole,inpartnershipwithIOM,indeveloandimplementingtheNRSaimedatassistingandprotectingvictimsandpotentialvictimsofhumantrafficking.SincetheNRSwaslaunchedin2006upuntilDecember2009,thetotalnumberofbeneficiariesamountedto874,including292victims,andtherewere582casesofprevention.。但已加大保护受害者的努力，并提供直接财政，协助保护和受害者的工作同国际组织协作，在设立和实施只在和保护贩运人口行为的受害者和潜在受害者的国家转介系统方面发挥了率。582。虽然摩尔多瓦打击贩运的活动有相当一部分是国际组织实施的，而且依然有赖于国际捐助方供资，但已加大保护受害者的力度，直接自主受害者保护及工作同国际组织协作，牵头设立和国家转介系统和保护贩运人口行为的受害者和潜在受害者国家转介系统自2006年启用至2009。年12月，共为874人提供了帮助，其中包括292名受害者，另582人得到帮助是出于预防目的。Dependingonfinancialpossibilities,the ernmentisgraduallyassumingownershipoftheprocess—astepinthisregardwastheinstitutionalizationoftheAssistanceandProtectionCenterinChisinau(designedfortherehabilitationofpotentialvictimsofhumantrafficking),whichwaspreviouslyadministeredbytheIOM,andisco-fundedfromtheStatebudget.根据财政方面的可能性，证在逐步对进程行使所有权——这方面的一个步骤就是对基希讷乌的和根据经费情况，正在逐步掌管这项工作。这方面的一个步骤是将基希讷乌和保护中心正式编入体Giventhatinmostcaseswomentakecareofchildren,sometimesuntilschoolage,increasingaccesstopreschoolchildcareisessentialinensuringequalaccessforwomentothelabormarket.Theincreaseinthepreschoolenrollmentrateis,amongotherfactors,aresultofthejointeffortsoftheernmentwiththesupportoftheUnitedNationsChildren'sFund,theWorldBankandotherpartners,whichtogetherhavedevelopednewpoliciesonearlyeducation,aswellasteachingandmethodologicalmaterials,whichalso passvulnerablegroups.Consequently,thepercentageofchildrenwithapreschooleducationiscontinuouslyincreasing.In2008,theenrollmentrateforchildrenaged3-6yearswas74.4%,comparedwith44.1%in2000,whichisclosetothetargetof75%for2015.201575%的目标值。劳动力市场，就务必增加学龄前儿童的日托服务。学前学校入学率上升的一个原因就是与合作伙伴做出了共同努力。在儿童、世界银行和其他合作伙伴的支持下制定了关于幼儿教育的新政3674.4%（200044.1%），201575%的目标值。Article63oftheMigrationActstatesthat,wherequalifyingdiscretionarygroundsexist,theMinistryofJusticeandPublicSecuritymayordertheexpulsionfromSalvadorianterritoryofanalienwhosepresenceiscontrarytonational可以把他或她从Article63oftheMigrationActstatesthat,wherequalifyingdiscretionarygroundsexist,theMinistryofJusticeandPublicSecuritymayordertheexpulsionfromSalvadorianterritoryofanalienwhosepresenceiscontrarytonationalinterests.以将其从Thelegalaspectsofopenadoptionareconfusingatbest,andanabsolutequagmirewhenlookingdeeperintoit.Thefirstreasonisthatdespitemorenaturalparentsoptingforopenadoptionsandendingtheclosedadoptionera,therearefewlawsthatactuallyprotectadoptionsstayingopen.Also,becausemoststatesdonothavelawsaddressingopenadoptions,ifbirthparentswanttoenfrocetheirrightsundertheagreementtovisitthechild,theymaybeleftwithnolegalremedy.公开领养法律方面的问题至多是令人的更次研究时会发现它完全是一片沼泽地第一个原因是Thelegalaspectsofopenadoptionareconfusingatbest,andanabsolutequagmirewhenlookingdeeperintoit.Thefirstreasonisthatdespitemorenaturalparentsoptingforopenadoptionsandendingtheclosedadoptionera,therearefewlawsthatactuallyprotectadoptionsstayingopen.Also,becausemoststatesdonothavelawsaddressingopenadoptions,ifbirthparentswanttoenfrocetheirrightsundertheagreementtovisitthechild,theymaybeleftwithnolegalremedy.然有的亲生父母选择了开放式收养，从而结束了收养的时代，但几乎没有什么法律实际保护收养的探视权，就可能没有任何法律补救办法。Themaydetainanalienover15yearsofagewhohasbeenservedwithanoticeofcommencementofadministrativeexpulsionproceedingsorwhoseadministrativeexpulsionorderhas efinal,ifthereisariskthatthealienmightendangernationalsecurity,seriouslydisruptpublicorderorobstructorimpedetheexecutionofanadministrativeexpulsionorder,orifthealienhasalreadyengagedinsuchactions.如果存在外国人可能危害国家安全、严重破坏公共秩序或阻挠或妨碍执行系行政令的，或如果Themaydetainanalienover15yearsofagewhohasbeenservedwithanoticeofcommencementofadministrativeexpulsionproceedingsorwhoseadministrativeexpulsionorderhas efinal,ifthereisariskthatthealienmightendangernationalsecurity,seriouslydisruptpublicorderorobstructorimpedetheexecutionofanadministrativeexpulsionorder,orifthealienhasalreadyengagedinsuchactions.参与这种行动，而该外国人已年满15周岁、已接到关于开始执行行政令，或已不再可就其行政令提出上诉，即可拘留此人。Analienwhoisbeingheldindetentionmaybepreventedfromleavingthepremiseswhereheorsheisbeingheldandmayotherwisebesubjecttotherestrictionofhisorherdomofmovementwhichisrequiredtoachievethepurposeforwhichthealienisbeingdetainedorisnecessaryforgoodorderandsecurityinthepremises. Analienwhoisbeingheldindetentionmaybepreventedfromleavingthepremiseswhereheorsheisbeingheldandmayotherwisebesubjecttotherestrictionofhisorherdomofmovementwhichisrequiredtoachievethepurposeforwhichthealienisbeingdetainedorisnecessaryforgoodorderandsecurityinthepremises.Atabroaderlevel,thelawofresponsibilityofStatesforinternationallywrongfulactscapturesawiderrangeofofficialsforpurposesofattribution.TheconductofanyStateorganisconsideredtobeanactofthatStateunderinternationallaw,whethertheorganexerciseslegislative,executive,judicialoranyotherfunctions,whateverpositionitholdsintheorganizationoftheState,andwhateveritscharacterasanorganofthecentralernmentorofaterritorialunitoftheState.不管它在国家体制中居于什么位置，作为一个机关或者国家的一个单位扮演何种角色。Atabroaderlevel,thelawofresponsibilityofStatesforinternationallywrongfulactscapturesawiderrangeofofficialsforpurposesofattribution.TheconductofanyStateorganisconsideredtobeanactofthatStateunderinternationallaw,whethertheorganexerciseslegislative,executive,judicialoranyotherfunctions,whateverpositionitholdsintheorganizationoftheState,andwhateveritscharacterasanorganofthecentralernmentorofaterritorialunitoftheState.无论该机关在国家体制中的地位为何，无论改机关作为的一个机关或国家某一单位的一个机Theruleserningthejurisdictionofnationalcourtsoughttobedistinguishedfromthoseerningimmunityfromjurisdiction.Therearetwodistinctnormsofinternationallawiny,althoughimmunityarisesonlyifjurisdictionexists.Oncejurisdictionisestablished,itdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatimmunityisabsent.Conversely,theabsenceofimmunitydoesnotimplyjurisdiction.IntheArrestWarrantcase,theInternationalCourtofjusticestatedthatalthoughvariousinternationalconventionsonthepreventionandpunishmentofcertainseriouscrimesimposeonStatesobligationsofprosecutionorextradition,therebyrequiringthemtoextendtheircriminaljurisdiction,suchextensionofjurisdictioninnowayaffectsimmunitiesundercustomaryinternationallaw;theyremainopposablebeforethecourtsofaforeignState,evenwherethosecourtsexercisesuchajurisdictionundersuchconventions.关于各国管辖权的，应该与管辖豁免的有所区别。现行国际法有两种不同规范。建立了管称，虽然各种关于防止和惩处某些严重的国际公约规定各国有刑事管辖权，但是这种管辖权的扩大并不影响根据习惯国际法的豁免；外国仍然可以豁免权，即使所在国的这些根据这类公约行使这样的管辖权。Theruleserningthejurisdictionofnationalcourtsoughttobedistinguishedfromthoseerningimmunityfromjurisdiction.Therearetwodistinctnormsofinternationallawiny,althoughimmunityarisesonlyifjurisdictionexists.Oncejurisdictionisestablished,itdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatimmunityisabsent.Conversely,theabsenceofimmunitydoesnotimplyjurisdiction.IntheArrestWarrantcase,theInternationalCourtofjusticestatedthatalthoughvariousinternationalconventionsonthepreventionandpunishmentofcertainseriouscrimesimposeonStatesobligationsofprosecutionorextradition,therebyrequiringthemtoextendtheircriminaljurisdiction,suchextensionofjurisdictioninnowayaffectsimmunitiesundercustomaryinternationallaw;theyremainopposablebeforethecourtsofaforeignState,evenwherethosecourtsexercisesuchajurisdictionundersuchconventions.豁免权在外国仍是抗辩理由，即使这些根据这类公约行使这样的管辖权。Insupportofthesubstantiveposition,itwasobservedthatwherelocalremedieswererequiredtobe,andhadnotbeen,exhausted,diplomaticprotectioncouldnotbeexercised.Therefore,noclaiminrelationtoanallegedbreachcouldbeputforwardandcountermeasurescouldnotbetaken.Assuch,itwasnotclearwhatthepracticalsignificancewasofanallegedbreachwhichhadnoconsequencesattheinternationallevelforeithertheStateortheindividualconcerned,andforwhichnoremedywasavailable.Assuch,sincethepreconditionappliedtoallproceduresrelatingtosuchacase,itmustberegardedassubstantive.Insupportofthesubstantiveposition,itwasobservedthatwherelocalremedieswererequiredtobe,andhadnotbeen,exhausted,diplomaticprotectioncouldnotbeexercised.Therefore,noclaiminrelationtoanallegedbreachcouldbeputforwardandcountermeasurescouldnotbetaken.Assuch,itwasnotclearwhatthepracticalsignificancewasofanallegedbreachwhichhadnoconsequencesattheinternationallevelforeithertheStateortheindividualconcerned,andforwhichnoremedywasavailable.Assuch,sincethepreconditionappliedtoallproceduresrelatingtosuchacase,itmustberegardedassubstantive.TheCourtobservesthattheConstitutionalFrameworkfunctionsaspartofaspecificlegalorder,createdpursuanttoresolution1244(1999),whichisapplicableonlyinKosovoandthepurposeofwhichistoregulate,duringtheinterimphaseestablishedbyresolution1244(1999),matterswhichwouldordinarilybethesubjectofinternal,ratherthaninternational,law.TheCourtobservesthattheConstitutionalFrameworkfunctionsaspartofaspecificlegalorder,createdpursuanttoresolution1244(1999),whichisapplicableonlyinKosovoandthepurposeofwhichistoregulate,duringtheinterimphaseestablishedbyresolution1244(1999),matterswhichwouldordinarilybethesubjectofinternal,ratherthaninternational,law.On16January2008,PerufiledanApplicationinstitutingproceedingsagainstChileconcerningadisputeinrelationto"thedelimitationoftheboundarybetweenthemaritimezonesofthetwoStatesinthePacificOcean,beginningataestablishedpursuanttotheTreaty,...theterminalpointofthelandboundaryestablishedpursuanttotheTreaty...of3June1929",andalsototherecognitioninfavourofPeruofa"maritimezonelyingwithin200nautical Peru'scoast,andthusappertainingtoPeru,butwhichChileconsiderstobepartofthehighseas".2008年1月16日，秘鲁向提交申诉书，对智利提讼，所涉的争端是“两国在太平洋从海岸上名亚的一点起……192963日……条约确定的陆地边界的海区划界问题”对“200海里内，因此属于秘鲁，但是智利认为是公海一部分的海区”做出有利于秘鲁的认定。On16January2008,PerufiledanApplicationinstitutingproceedingsagainstChileconcerningadisputeinrelationto"thedelimitationoftheboundarybetweenthemaritimezonesofthetwoStatesinthePacificOcean,beginningataestablishedpursuanttotheTreaty,...theterminalpointofthelandboundaryestablishedpursuanttotheTreaty...of3June1929",andalsototherecognitioninfavourofPeruofa"maritimezonelyingwithin200nauticalofPeru'scoast,andthusappertainingtoPeru,butwhichChileconsiderstobepartofthehigh2008年1月16日，秘鲁想提交请求书，对智利提讼，争端涉及“两国在太平洋以海岸名Theadventofinternationalorganizationsnotonlyheraldedthegrowingexpansionofinternationallegalality(nolongeramonopolyofStates),butalsoshiftedattentiontotheimportanceoffulfillingtheneedsandaspirationsofpeople.Inthissense,internationalorganizationshavecontributedtoareturntothedroitdesgens,intheframeworkofthenewtimes,andtoarevivalofitshumanistvision,faithfultotheteachingsofthe"foundingfathers"ofthelawofnations.Thatvisionmarkeditspresenceinpastexperimentsofthemandatessystem,undertheLeagueofNations,andofthetrusteeshipsystem,undertheUnitedNations,asitdoestodayintheUNinitiativesinternationaladministrationof制度下的托度，还出现在今天关于国际管理的倡议中。Theadventofinternationalorganizationsnotonlyheraldedthegrowingexpansionofinternationallegalality(nolongeramonopolyofStates),butalsoshiftedattentiontotheimportanceoffulfillingtheneedsandaspirationsofpeople.Inthissense,internationalorganizationshavecontributedtoareturntothedroitdesgens,intheframeworkofthenewtimes,andtoarevivalofitshumanistvision,faithfultotheteachingsofthe"foundingfathers"ofthelawofnations.Thatvisionmarkeditspresenceinpastexperimentsofthemandatessystem,undertheLeagueofNations,andofthetrusteeshipsystem,undertheUnitedNations,asitdoestodayintheUNofinternationaladministrationof（国际组织的出现，不仅预示着国际法律不再由国家）的日益扩大，而且也将注意力转移到满足人（Theeffectofarmed ontreatiesremainsasproblematicanareaoflawaseverbefore.Ithasbeensuggestedthatcodification,althoughnoeasytask,wouldbenefittheinternationalcommunitysignificantly.Tothatend,thepresentstudyattemptsamodernsummaryofdoctrineandStatepracticeontheeffectofarmed ontreaties,attemptingeithertofleshoutreliablerulesorconcludethatnoneexist.Itismeanttoserveasacomprehensivesummaryoftheexistingpublicinformationonthetopic.Becauseofthelackofsuchpubliclyavailableinformation,however,effectivecodificationwillalsorequiresubmissionsfromernmentsparticularlyconcerningtheirpracticeaftertheSecondWorldWar.。事，却会让国际社会受益匪浅。为此，本力求概述现代关于对条约影响的理论和国家实践，充实可靠的规则，或认定不存在这样的规则已在综合摘述关于这个专题的现有公共信息。但由。Probingthequestionofglobalernancestructures,theCommitteeemphasizedtheneedtoreviewglobalfinancingarrangements,particularlybetweeninternationalfinanceinstitutionsanddevelocountriesandtoinsistonmoreinformationandtransparencyaboutthesourceandevaluationofsuchfunds.18在探讨全球治理结构问题时，应全球筹资安排，特别是在国际金融机构和发展在探讨全球治理结构问题时，应全球融资安排，特别是在国际金融机构与发展中Micro-financeempowerspoorpeopleandsmallbusinessestopursueeconomicopportunities,andoffersthemprotectionagainstlife'sinevitablesetbacks.Inthiswayitdirectlycontributestoreducingpoverty.Italsohelpstopromotegenderequalityandempowerwomen,asthemajorityofsofmicro-financeinstitutionsareoftenwomen.12TheInternationalMonetaryFundestimatesthattoxicassetsheldbybanksandfinancialinstitutions,mostofwhichareinthedevelopedECEeconomies,couldreach$4trillion.Sincetheirexposureisonsuchscaleastothreatensystemicfailuresinbankingsystems,ernmentshavebeenassemblingrescuens—unloadingthetoxicassetsfrombankbalancesheetsaswellasrecapitalizingthebankssotheycanresumenormallendingoperations.10。由于它们的风险规模之大足 到银行系统的体系 ，各 一直在拟定挽救计划——4兆美元这些金融机构的风险规模极大可能金融系统的体系性有鉴于此各国在拟定玩就计划，力图从银行资产负债表中消除不良资产，调整银行资本，使其能够恢复正常业务。MigrantremittancesrepresentasignificantportionoftheGDPofmanycountriesandavital esupportformanypoorhouseholds.Theyhaveincreasedfourfoldsincetheearly1990s,andhavefallenlesssharplythanotherflowsduringtheglobalcrisis.Channelingmoreremittancesthroughthebankingsystemsofprogram-mecountries,reducingthecostsoftransfers,andchannelingthemintopublicinvestmentthrough"diasporabonds"couldincreasetheirdevelopmentalimpactconsiderably.3InCanadaC.difficilemoralityrateincreasedfourfoldinsevenyearsInthe1997studythemortalityrateattributabletotheinfectionwas1.5%,comparedwith5.7%intherecentstudy.【颇负盛名的医学新healio】UPM-KymmeneCorp.,theworld’slargestmagazinepapermaker,hasreportedafourfoldincreaseinthird-quarternetprofittoeurol78millionaspaperdemandandpricesincreased.Netprofitinthesameperiodin2009waseuro40million.【国外企业】1990年代初的数额增加了三倍。在本次全球期间，汇款额降幅小于其他流动的减小幅度。若Partnershipsthatmovebeyondfund-raisingandarelinkedtocorebusinessoperationsandfosteringprivatesectordevelopmentarelikelyto emorerelevantinthefuture,andcanleadtomoresustainableandsalablepartnershipsthatcapitalizeonthecomplementarystrengthsofbusiness.筹款和与业务及促进私营部门发展有关的合作伙伴关系有可能在未来更具有现实意义，并合作伙伴关系如能筹款范畴与业务挂钩并且能促进私营部门发展就有可能在未来更具有意义，MoreUNsentitiesshouldbeencouragedtoengageinsuchpartnerships.Thisshiftcallsforagencies,fundsandprogram-mestoadaptstructures,processesandmoralitiestonewformsofengagement,andbetterallowforriskandrewardsharing.16Cerealproductivityisexpectedtodecreaseinlowlatitudes,andAfricaandSouthAfricafaceespeciallyhighrisksofreducedcropproductivity.InsomeAfricancountries,yieldsfromrain-fedagriculturecouldbereducedbyupto50percentby2020.Foodsecurityislikelytosufferandtheriskofhungertoincrease.Poorpeopleindevelocountriesareparticularlyvulnerablegiventheirdependenceonagriculturalfortheirlivelihoods,oftenfarmingmarginallands.Amongthem,women,children,theelderlyanddisabledaswellasindigenouspeopleandminoritiesaredisproportionayaffectedsincetheyusuallyrepresentthemosteconomicallyandsociallymarginalizedgrous.550以及和和可能性特别大0205%发展中国家的Climatechangecancauseanumberofeconomicdisruptions,negativelyimpactinggrowth,erodingtherevenuebaseofernmentsandunderminingernancecapacities.Itmaynegativelyaffectaneconomy'soutput,aswithcroplossesfromdroughtorflooding.Throughitseffectsonnutritionandhealth,itmaydiminishhumanandanimalproductivity.Itmayalsocontributetolanddegradationandcausedamagetoothernaturalcapital—forexample,incoastalareas—andmanmadeinfrastructuresuchasroads,ports,powergrids,andsoforth,diminishinganeconomy'sproductivepotential.9：：AmajorimpedimenttotheimplementationfotheframeworkisthehighdegreeoffragmentationoftheAfricanagriculturalmarketamongthe53countriesandmorethanadozensubregionalgrous.Fromaneconomicstandpointandwithintheframeworkofanincreasinglyglobaleconomy,thislandscapeissimplynotoptimalenoughtoprovideforthelevelsofeconomiesofscale,economiesofverticalcoordinationandeconomiesofcomplementaritythatwouldallowtherealizationoffullcompetitivenessgainsandintraregionaltradepotentialforAfrica'sagriculturalsystems.11Therewasatime,beforenfinancelawsandsnooreporters,whenmoneyshapedpoliticsthroughoutrightbribery;whenapoliticiancouldtreathisnfundashis albankaccountandacceptfancyjunkets;whenbighonor-ariafromthosewhosoughtinfluencewerecommonce,andtheshapeoflegislationwenttothehighestbidder.，基金当作自己的个人账户，接受大额来路不明的钱财的是再平常不过的事，而且机，，士可以把竞选基金当作私人账户，可以接受奢华的款待的厚礼也是常事，谁出的钱多，法律，Ifrecentnewsreportsareaccurate,theserankerformsofcorruptionhavenotgoneawayentirely;apparentlytherearestillthoseinWashingtonwhoviewpoliticsasameansofgettingrich,andwho,whilegenerallynotdumbenoughtoacceptbagsofsmallbills,areperfectlypreparedtotakecareofcontributorsandproperlyfeathertheirbedsuntilthetimeisfinallyripetojumpintothelucrativepracticeoflobbyingonbehalfofthosetheyonceregulated.4铺垫，直到时机成熟时，就即刻代表他们曾经管辖过的利益方进行，最终获利。如果现如今的属实，这种的形式就没未完全消亡。在华府显然仍有一些人将政治视为Todate,appealsfornaturaldisastersreceivedsignificantlylessfunding,onaverage,thanappealsforcomplexemergencies.Thisimbalanceisbyandlargealsoreflectedintheinternationalresponsetonaturaldisasters,whichtendstobelessrobustthantheresponsetoarmed s,mobilizinglessinternationalpoliticalandfinancialengagementandgarneringshorterattentionspans,althoughthedisasterinHaitiwasclearlyanexception.8迄今为止，为自然发出的呼吁得到的平均而言大大少于为复杂紧急情况发出的呼吁。这一不平基本上也反映在对自然做出的国际反应中，这些反应一般不如对的反应那样有力，争取到的国际政治和财务参与较少，得到的注意力持续时间较短，但海地的是一个明显的例外。，迄今为止，针对自然发出的呼吁得到的平均而言远远少于针对复杂紧急情况的呼吁得到的。这一不平衡现象大致也反映在国际社会对自然的反应中，对自然的反应往往不如对的反应那样有力，经动员，在国际上争取到的政治和财政支持较少的关注时间也较短。但海地的是一， edtheinitiativetoholdthemeetingofthechairsattheregionallevelandexpressedthehopethatsimilarmeetingswouldalsobeheldinotherregionsinthefuture.ThemeetingofthechairswasdescribedasauniqueopportunitytobringtheworkoftheUNhumanrightstreatybodiesclosertotheimplementationlevel,andtodiscussachievementsnotedandchallengesfacedbystakeholdersintheEuropeanregioninimplementingandmonitoringthe mendationsofthetreatybodies.22与会者欢迎在区域一级召开会议的举措，并表示希望将来也在其他区域举行类似的会议。认为本次关方在执行和检测各条约机构的建议方面已取得的成就和的。与会者对在区域一级召开会议的举措表示欢迎，希望今后在其他区域也举行类似的会议，认为本次主关方在执行和监测各条约机构的建议方面已取得的成就和的。 mendationslendthemselvestoacertaincategorizationandarepresentedattheconclusionofindividualsectionsofthereport.However,theCo-facilitatorsseethemworkingasanintegratedwhole—withoneelementreinforcinganother.Itisobvious,forexample,thatif esmorerelevantinthefield,theCommissionenhanceitsroleatHeadquarters.Conversely,in