高级阅读unit3ships in the desert课文解释

Unit3:ShipsintheDesertbyAlGore.AdditionalBackgroundAlGoretheCleanAirTheAral.IntroductiontotheTypeofliture:apieceofThepurposeofapieceof---toinformor Waysofdevelo thethesisofapieceof---comparison,contrast,ogy,identification,illustration,ysis,definition,etc.Thecentralthoughtor.EffectiveWritingmakingeffectiveuseofspecificdiscussingthesolutiontoenvironmentalproblemsfromapolitician’spointofview,thatis,relatingthesolutiontoenvironmentaldestructiontothesolutiontoarmraces.Rhetorical.SpecialyzingthestructureofsomelongandcomplicatedsentencesunderstandingthescientificmattersconnectedwithecologicalenvironmenttranslatinglongandcomplicatedmasteringtherulesofwordformationVI.QuestionsHowhashumancivilizationnow ethedominantcauseofchangeintheglobalWhatchangesintheglobalenvironmentpresentastrategicthreattohumancivilization?HowshouldwefacethischallengeandsolvetheWhatsolutionsdoesthewriterputforwardtoourecologicalproblems?Backgroundknowledge

AbouttheAlGorewasbornin1948inWashingtonU.S.HehasbeenaSenator(1984-1992)representingtheStateofTennessee,andU.S.Vice-(1992-2000)underBillClinton.HeranforthePresidencyagainstW.BushJr.butthelatterwonthecloselytiedelectionand ethe43rd.ThetextistakenfromAlGore’sEarthintheTheAralTheAralSea,locatedinUzbekistanandKazakhstan(bothcountrieswerepartoftheformerSovietUnion),ishistoricallyasalinelake.Itisinthecentreofalarge,flatdesertbasin.TheAralSeaisaprimeexampleofadynamicenvironment.In1960itwastheworld’slargestlake,thesizeoftheentiretyofSouthernCalifornia(at26,250square,approximaytwohundredtimeslargerthantheSaltonSea).America’sGreatAmerica’sGreatLakesrefertothegroupoffivefreshwaterlakes,centralNorthAmerica,betweentheUnitedStatesandCanada,largestbodyoffreshwaterintheworld.Fromwesttoeast,theyareLakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,andLakeOntario.HOMEScanhelprememberthenamesofthefivelakes.HstandsforHuron,OforOntario,MforMichigan,EforErieandSforSuperior.LakeLakeSuperiorisoneofthecleanestlakesintheworldbecauseofitstemperature,size,andthelackofpeoplelivingaroundit.LakeSuperior,withasurfaceareaof31,700square,isthelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworldbysurfacearea.Thisonebodyofwatercontains10%ofallthefreshwaterinallthelakesandriversintheworld.TheamountoftimeneededforthewaterinLakeSuperiortobecompleyrecedis191years.Thelakeisknownforitscoldtemperatures.AlmostallofLakeSuperior’swaterstaysat39degreesFahrenheit(4degreesCelsius)allyear.LakeSuperiorisoftenreferredtoasclear,”withvisibilityof50feetorAntarcticaisicycold.TransantarcticMountainsdivideitintotheEastAntarcticandWestAntarcticsubcontinents.hassetuptwoscientificresearchstationsthere:ZhongshanStationintheEastandGreatWallintheWest.CleanAirAmericanCongresspassedtheCleanAirActin1970,whichisoneoftheoldestenvironmentallawsoftheU.S.aswellasthemostfar-reaching,thecostliest,andthemostcontroversial.Rhetoricalunderstatement:theprospectsofagoodcatchlookedbleak tion:fastpastureforfast-foodbeefmetaphor:cloak,ghostsrhetoricalBut,withoutevenconsideringthatthreat,shouldn’titstartleusthatwehavenowputthesecloudsintheeveningskywhichglistenwithaspectrallight?Orhaveoureyesadjustedsocompleytothebrightlightsofcivilizationthatwecan’tseethesecloudsforwhattheyare—aphysicalmanifestationoftheviolentcollisionbetweenhumancivilizationandtheearth?metonymy:What’sthemeaningoftheWhatdoyouexpecttohavewhenyoureadtheWhatkindofwritingistheWhatisthetheme?Whatdoestheauthortrytolusthroughhisarticle?HowistheexpositionTypicalcontentofan Part Aproblemispointedoutphenomena, Part Theproblemis yzed

Part3 Howtosolveit (suggestion,etc.)Howdoesanessay/featurearticlebegin？What’stheeffectthewriterproduceshere?DetailedParagraphcapableofprocessingafifty-toncatchonagoodday:havingtheabilityofcleaningandpreparingformarketingorcanningfifty-tonsoffishonaproductiveday.catch:theamountofsomethingcaught;inthesentenceitreferstotheamountoffishcaughte.g.Theboatbroughtbackabigcatchoffish.bow:thefrontpartofaship theprospectsofagoodcatchlookedbleak:agoodcatchdidnotlookpromising/hopeful.Thisisobliviouslyanunderstatementbecausewithsandallaroundtherewasnochanceofcatchingfish,tosaynothingofcatchingalotofbleak:a)Ifasituationisbleak,itisbad,andseemsunlikelytoimprove.e.g.Hisfuturelookedbleakprospect;thebleaknessofthepostwarIfa ceisbleak,itlookscold,bare,ande.g.thebleakWhentheweatherisbleak,itiscold,dull,ande.g.thebleakIfsomeonelooksorsoundsbleak,theyseemdepressed,hopeless,orunfriendlyg.hisbleakfeaturesbleaklyadv.e.g.Hestaredbleakly“What,”heaskedbleakly,“arewaveslapagainstthesideoftheship:wavestouchingthesideoftheshipgentlyandmakesasoftlapcanalsobeusedasae.g.Heryoungestchildwasasleepinher cedthebabyonthewoman’sInarace,whenyousaythatacompetitorhascompletedalapwhenheorshehasgoneroundthecourserace.asfarasIcouldseeinalldirection:thatextendedasfarastheeyecouldsee：thatstretchedallthewaytothehorizon:thatextendedtothefaroffcewheretheskymeettheearthcomparable:somethingthatiscomparabletosomethingelsedock:v.anchor,Howmanyimagesofenvironmentaldestructionarepresentedhereinpara1?ParagraphMysearchfor…theseimagesofdestruction:ItraveledaroundtheworldbecauseIwantedtosee,checkandstudycasesofsuchdestructioninordertofindoutthebasiccausesbehindtheenvironmentalcrisis.imagesofdestruction:typicalexamplesofthesunglaringatmidnightthroughaholeinthesky:thesunshiningatmidnightthroughtheozoneaboutthetunnelhewasdiggingthroughtime:aboutthetunnelhewasdrillingforsamplesfromtheglacier,whichestimatesthetime.Thedeeperhedrilled,thefartherthesampleintime;inotherwords,thesurfaceoftheglacierisanindicationofrecenttimewhilethedeeperpartoftheglacierlsofsituationofamuchmoreremoteperiod.

Sliphisparkabacktorevealabadlyburnedfacethatwascrackedandpeeling:Pushinghisparkaback,herevealedabadlyburnedfacebecauseofoverexposuretodirectsunlight;onthefacetherewerelinesthatweresplitopenandpiecesofskinwerecomingdown.parka:n.waterproofjacketwithahoodattached(aswornforskiing,mountainclimbing,etc.)Hemovedhisfingerbackintimetotheiceoftwodecadesago:Followingthelayersoficeinthecoresample,hisfingercametothecewherethelayeroficewasformed20yearsago.twocontinents:SouthAmericaandemission:theamountofpollutantsleastaccessibleceonearth:thecewhichisthemostdifficulttogettointheworldParagraphIndustrymeantcoal:thedevelopmentofindustrymeanttheuseoflargeamountofcoalasfueltogeneratepower.bringingrisinglevelsofcarbondioxide:makingtheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospheregrowwithitsabilitytotrapmoreheat…warmtheearth:heatcannoteasilygetthroughcarbondioxideandgointothehighaltitudesocarbondioxideystheroleofacover,keetheheatneartheearth.upwindfromtheicerunaway…thatinexorableupwind:inthedirectionfromwhichthewindisblowingorusuallyblowsicerunway:runwayisastripofpavedgroundforusebyairnesintakingoffandlanding,andhereintheSouthPoletherunwayisastripoficetopreventthemetalpartsfromze-lockingtogether:tostopthemetalpartsfrombeingfrozenmonitortheair:watchorcheckonthetochartthecourse:toshowtheonwardmovementonanoutlinemapinexorable:thatcannotbechanged; e.g.theinexorableriseinthecostofHisowncareercontinuesitsinexorabletheinexorableriseof阻遏不了的趋graph:usuallyamathematicaldiagramParagraphs4&5pitch:pitchatentmeansputupae.g.Theypitchedtheirtentnearthestream.Theypitchedtheirtentattheedgeofthefield.slab:Aslabofsomethingisathickflatpieceofe.g.aslabofrock;aconcreteslab;aslaboffrigid:cold; e.g.frigid26.aheartybreakfast:asatisfyingandrichsnow:akindofmotorvehiclefortravelingoversnow,usuallywithsteerablerunnersatthefrontandtractortreadsattherearrendezvouspoint:thecewhereasubmarinewastopickthemuphover:towaitcloseby,especiallyinanoverprotective,insistentoranxiouswayWhenabirdorinsecthovers,itstaysinthesamepositionintheairbymovingitswings

Ifsomebodyishovering,theyarewaitinginonece,forexample,becausetheycannotdecidewhattodo.AfigurehovereduncertainlyintheAfteritcrashedthrough…resubmerged:Afteritbrokethroughtheice,pickedupitnewpassengers,andwentbelowthesurfaceofwaterthepolaricecap:tosecurethereleaseofpreviouslytopsecretdata:toensurethemakingpublicofdatawhichwasoriginallyclassifiedastopsecret.fromsubmarinesonartracks:obtainedfromsubmarinesonartracksCrucially,though,itfailedtosecurethebackingofthebanks.Hewasindefatigableinhiseffortstosecurefundingfornewprojects.他不知疲倦地努力为新项目寻求andthenIwasstanding…sheetscollide:andthenIwasstandinginthevastsceneofsnowwhichwasfearfullybeautiful,windsweptandshiningwhite,withthestretchoficefieldcharacterizedbysmallridgesbecauseoftheofthecollisionoftheseparateeerily:mysteriouslyoruncannily,especiallyinsuchawayastofrightenordisturbwindswept:sweptbyorexposedtowiththehorizondefinedbylittlehummocks:withstretchoficefieldcharacterizedbysmalltheiceherewillthin:theicehere theconsequencesofathinningcapcouldbedisastrous:theresultofathinningcapmayindicatethepossibilitiesofdisasterscould:thewordindicatesConsideringsuchscenariosisnotapurelyspeculativeexercise:ThinkingabouthowaseriesofeventsmighthappenasaconsequenceofthethinningofthePolarcapisnotjustakindofpracticeinconjecture/speculation,ithasgotpracticalvalue.scenario:anoutlineforanproposedornnedseriesofevents,realorimagined方案Onescenarioisknownas"decapitation",anattempttocrumbletheotherside'schainofcommandandcontrolbyattackingthephysicallocationofitspoliticalleaders.政治的所在地，从而消灭对方的指挥、控Withoutpatience,thesamescenariocan eamajoremergencycompletewithyelling,frustration,hurtfeelings,andhighbloodpressure.没有耐心，同样的情形会变成头等紧急，叫喊、沮丧、和高血压等等一应俱全。Sothatwouldbemyworst-casescenario:thatinafewyears,wewouldendupwithoutputinSouth-eastAsiabeing30to40percentbelowwhatitwasin1997,withwho-knows-what我预测的最糟情势将是如此：在几年的时间到时的将设想。speculative:meditating;thinking;pondering;thepatternoficedistribution:theregularwayiceisdistributedastillcontroversialclaim:astatementwhich

scientistsstilldonotcompleywhichavarietyofdatanowsuggest:datacomingfromdifferentsourcespointtothisconclusiontheArcticCircle:animaginarylinedrawnroundtheworldatacertaindistancefromthemostnorthernpoint(theNorthPole),northofwhichthereisnodarknessforsixmonthsofeachyearandalmostnolightfortheothersixmonths.cf.theAntarcticCircletundra:anyofthevast,nearlylevel,treelessinsoftheArcticregionsParagraphbillowing:largeswellingmassofbillowv.Whensomethingmadeofclothbillows,itswellsoutandmovesslowlyinthewind（布制ThecurtainsbillowedintheHerpinkdressbillowedoutaround...thebillowingWhensmokeorcloudbillows,itmovesslowlyupwardsoracrossthesky.（烟或云）翻滚，滚...thickplumesofsmokebillowingfromfactorybillowedoutfromunderthebonnet....billowingcloudsofcigaretteAbillowofsmokeordustisalargemassofitrisingslowlyintotheair.腾起的一大团（烟、尘...smokestacksbelchingbillowsofalmostsolidblacksmoke.Acrebyacre,therainisbeingburnedtocreatefastpastureforfast-foodbeef:Bitbybittreesintherainarefelledandthelandisclearedandturnedintopasturewherecattlecanberaisedquicklyandslaughteredandthebeefcanbeusedinhamburgers.Payattentiontotheconnectionofthetwo“fasts”infastpastureandfastfood.Withthatcomesthe“fast”disappearanceoftherain.thedryseason:hewetseason—therainywithmorethanoneTennessee’sworthofrainbeingslashedandburnedeachyear:theareaofrainburnedinoneyearisbiggerthanthestateofTennessee.worth:equalinareaorsizeslash:cutwithasweestrokeIfyouslashsomething,youmakealong,deepcutinit.e.g.Jack’sfacehadbeenslashedwithbrokenwhichmeanswearesilencingthousandsofsongswehaveneverevenheard:Sinceofarebeingdestroyedandthehabitatfortheserarebirdsnolongerexists,thousandsofbirdswhichwehavenotevenhadachancetosee Paragraphs7&Imagesthatsignalthedistressofourglobalenvironmentarenowcommonlyseenalmostanywhere:Typicalexamplesshowingthedangerousenvironmentalsituationintheworldcanbefoundalmostanywhere.Onsomenights,inhighnorthernlatitudes,theskyitselfoffersanotherghostlyimagethatsignalsthelossofecologicalbalancenowinprogress:

somenights,intheareaatahighnorthernlatitude,theskyalonepresentsanotherexampleofillomenshowingthereisecologicalimbalanceandthiskindofimbalanceisdevelo.latitude(s):anareaatparticularinhighnorthernlatitudeblotout:hideentirely;This“noctilucentcloud”…seemquiteunnaturalnoctilucentcloud:nocti-meansnight;lucentmeansshining,translucentdesignatingorofaluminouscloudvisibleatnighttocloak:toconceal;Afirecouldhavebeendeliberaystartedtocloaksmallcoordinatedtroopmovements.可能是Thebeautifulsweecoastlinewascloakedinshimmer:shinewithanunsteadylightThelightsshimmeredonthewater.Thetreesshimmeredintheafternoontranslucentpartiallytransparentbecauseofahugebuildupofmethanegasintheatmosphere:becausetherehasbeenabigincreaseofmethanegasintheatmospheremethaneisreleasedfromlandfills,…activities:release:letgo;emitswarm:tomoveinlargee.g.Asthefirespread,peoplecameswarmingoutofthebuilding.Whatshouldwefeeltowardtheseghostsinthesky:Whatshouldourattitudebetowardthesenoctilucentcloudsinthesky?Simplewonderorthemixofemotionswefeelatthezoo:Shoulditonlybeafeelingofsurpriseandadmirationoracombinationofdifferentfeelingsweexperienceinthezoo?justasmenteartusks…withextinction:menarekillingsuchlargenumberofelephantsfortheirtusksthatthespecieswillsoonextinguish.weareripmatterfromitsce…darkness:weareusinganddestroyingresourcesinsuchabigamountthatwearedisturbingthebalancebetweendaylightanddarkness.rip:tear;Whenyouripsomethingorwhenitrips,itistornviolently.e.g.Theposterhadbeenrippedtopieces.Twoofthecanvasbagshadbeenrippedinsuchvolume:insuchtyupset:Whenthewordisusedasaverborapredicative,thesecondsyllableisstressed;Whenitisusedasanadjectiveinanattributiveposition,thefirstsyllableisstressed.e.g.:Youareupset.I’vegotanupsettoupsetthebalance:tocausesomethingtogochangingthechemistryoftheupperatmosphere:changingthechemicalcompositionoftheupperBut,withouteven…shouldn’titstartleus…glistenwithaspectrallight?Orhaveoureyes…earth?Thesearetworhetoricalstartle:toalarmsuddenlyorglisten:toshineorsparklewithreflectedlight,asawetorpolishedsurfacespectral:likeaghost;adjust(to):tochangesoastofit,conformsee:understandforwhattheyare:intheirreallight;therealnaturemanifestation:dis

Paragraphwhetherit’sthefrequencyofdays…waste:whetheritisthefactthatrecentlytherearemorehotdayswhenthetemperatureisover100degreesFahrenheit(=38℃),orthefactthesunburnsourskinmorequicklyinrecenttimes,orthefactthatthedebateoverthewayofdisposingofthegrowingamountofwastemattercomesupmoreButourresponsetothesesignalsispuzzling:Butourreactiontothesesignalsissobafflingthatitisdifficulttounderstand.Whyhaven’twelaunched…environment:Whyhaven’twestartedalarge-scalemovementtosaveourenvironment?Tocomeatthequestionanotherway:Toapproachthequestioninadifferentway;toputthequestionWhydosomeimages…respondeffectively:Whydosomesignssoalarmusthatweimmediaytakeactionandconcentrateonwaysofdealingwiththemeffectively?Andwhydootherimages,thoughsometimes…distraction:Andwhydoothersigns,thoughsometimesnolessstriking,onlycauseakindoflossandinactivityandweconcentrateourattentionnotonthewaystodealwiththembutinstead,onsomeothersubstituteswhichareeasytogetandlesspainful?Paragraphs10,11,12,13,itmaybe…appropriay:itmaybeusefultoarrangethemintodifferentgroups,thusgettingourthoughtsandfeelingsstraightenedout/organizedsothatwewillbeabletotakethemostsuitableaction.Problemslikeacidrain…regionalinbothofcategories:Problemslikeacidrain,thecontaminationofundergroundaquifers,andlargeoilspillsbasicallybelongtobothlocalandregionalcategories.Acidrain:（酸雨）rainwithahighconcentrationofacidsproducedbysulfurdioxide,nitrogenoxide,etc.emittedduringthecombustionoffossilfuels;ithasadestructiveeffectonntandaquaticlife,buildings,etc.aquifer:anundergroundlayerofporous(多孔的)rock,sand,etc,containingwater,intowhichwellscanbesunk.atSomeobserversthinkthereistoomuchatstakeforthetwosidesnottocometoanagreementonoversight.一些观察认为，如果两国在ThesameisabouttohappenagainbutwithmoreatstakeforEuropethistimearound.The600percentincreasetothetopofthesky:chlorine:氯chlorofluorocarbonsCFCParagraph15,16,17,18，19，inprehistorictimes:intheperiodbeforerecordedcarefullytendedricepaddies:takengoodcareofricefieldsButthesechanges…intheglobalecologicalsystem:Althoughsometimesthesechangesseemtobetakingceeverywhereintheworldtheyhave,untilrecently,beenrelativelyinsignificantintheirinfluenceontheecologicalsystemoftheSomething,especiallysomethingbad,that

pervasiveispresentorfeltthroughoutaceor...thepervasiveinfluenceofthearmyinnationallife...在国民生活中的影响无处不在Sheliveswithapervasivesenseof她深深的愧疚之中Yetweresistthistruth…againstthemountains:Yetwerefusetoacceptthistruefactandfinditdifficulttothinkthatweshouldtreatoureffectontheearththesamewayasthemoon’sgravitationalpullontheoceansorthewind’seffectonthemountainsandmeasureoureffectinthesamewayaswemeasuretheeffectofnaturals.weresistthistruth:werefusetoacceptthistruefact;werefusetofacethisrealfactthathumancivilizationisnowthedominantcauseofchangeintheglobalenvironment.findithardtoimagine:itisverydifficult(forus)tothinkthatoureffect…againstthemountains:thatweshouldtreatoureffectontheearththesameasthemoon’sgravitationalpullontheoceansorthewind’seffectonthemountainsandmeasureoureffectinthesamewayaswemeasuretheeffectofnaturals.Surelywemustacknowledge…restraint:Ofcausewemustrecognizethatwehavetheresponsibilitytousethenewlyacquiredcapabilityinaprudentwayandwithproperrestraint.Sofar…naturalsystems:Uptillnow,weseemtobeunawareofthefactthattheearth’snaturalsystemsareverydelicateandcaneasilybePara得用测量月球对海水的或暴风对高山的力改变像与地球之间的关系这样重要事物thatdefinethephysicalrealityofourrelationshiptotheearth:thatdeterminetheactualstateofourrelationshipwithnature.asuddenandstartlingsurgeinhumanpopulation:asuddenandstartlingriseinhumanpopulation;asuddenbigandshockingincreaseintheworld’sAsurgeisasuddenlargeincreaseinsomethingthathaspreviouslybeensteady,orhasonlyincreasedordevelopedslowly.Specialistsseevariousreasonsfortherecentsurgeininflation.专家们认为目前通货膨胀加剧有多TheisboundtobringanewsurgeofinterestinDylan'swork.该肯定会再一次激发人们对作品的浓厚。withtheadditionone’sworthofpeopleeverytenyears:Worth:equalinsizeore.g.Thestormdidthousandsofpounds’worthofHebought10dollarsworthofpostageasuddenaccelerationofthescientificandtechnologicalrevolution:thescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionsuddenlydevelopsmoreinthecourseofonehumanlife—mine:duringthelifespanofanindividual–mylifetimeitisalreadymorethanhalfwaythere:theworldpopulationisalreadymorethanhalfofthatfigure.topickupspeed:toincreasespeed;gainspeedongoing:continuing;thatisactuallyin

exponential:(指数的)oforrelatingtoanexponentExponentialmeansgrowingorincreasingveryrapidly.迅速增长的；成指数倍增的Thetriedtochecktheexponentialgrowthofpublicexpenditure.Thetyofchemicalpollutantshasincreasedexponentially.化学污染物排放量已axiom:n.arule,principle,etc.thatisgenerallyacceptedastruecumulativeIfaseriesofeventshaveacumulativeeffect,eacheventmakestheeffectgreater.积的；Itissimplepleasures,suchasawalkonasunnyday,whichhaveacumulativeeffectonourmood...ThebenefitsfromeatingfishareSustenanceisfoodordrinkwhicha animal,orntneedstoremainaliveandhealthy.食物；营养；养料;meansofexistenceThestateprovidedabasictyoffoodfordailysustenance,butlittleelse.Unemploymenthashitarecordhighof21percent,andthousandsofGreeksdependonchurchandmunicipalsoupkitchensforsustenance.Whilenosinglediscovery…onourrelationshiptowarfare:althoughnoindividualdiscoveryhaschangedhumanrelationshiptotheearthsomuchthatitiscompar