【移动应用开发技术】我们来看下 监控软件 Nagios 和 cacti 结合

【移动应用开发技术】我们来看下监控软件Nagios和cacti结合

来看下两者区别Cacti：在监控方面绘图比较不错，在流量与图型展现比较存在优势

Nagios：在故障分析比较不错，报警机制相对来说比较好，报警机制：邮箱、短信等，而且也比Cacti灵活；同时适用监控大量服务器以及服务器上面大批服务状态是否正常，重点不在图形化，而在状态故障的监控1.安装相关的软件包[root@WangqiDesktop]#yum-yinstallhttpdphpgccglibcglibc-commongdgd-devellibpnglibjpegzlib2.创建相关的用户和组[root@WangqiLoadBalancer]#useradd-s/sbin/nologinnagios[root@WangqiLoadBalancer]#groupaddnagcmd[root@WangqiLoadBalancer]#usermod-Gnagcmdnagios[root@WangqiLoadBalancer]#usermod-Gnagcmdapache3.安装、编译nagios[root@WangqiDesktop]#tarzxvfnagios-3.2.1.tar.gz-C/usr/src/[root@WangqiDesktop]#cd/usr/src/nagios-3.2.1/[root@Wangqinagios-3.2.1]#./configure--with-command-group=nagcmd[root@Wangqinagios-3.2.1]#makeall[root@Wangqinagios-3.2.1]#makeinstall[root@Wangqinagios-3.2.1]#makeinstall-init[root@Wangqinagios-3.2.1]#makeinstall-config[root@Wangqinagios-3.2.1]#makeinstall-commandmode[root@Wangqinagios-3.2.1]#makeinstall-webconf注释：makeinstall-init是向/etc/rc.d/init.d中安装启动脚本makeinstall-commandmode是将额外的命令文件修改好恰当的权限make

install-config是向/usr/local/nagios/etc目录下写入示例配置文件[root@Wangqinagios-3.2.1]#cd/usr/local/nagios/[root@Wangqinagios]#lsbin测试命令目录etc配置文件目录libexec插件目录

sbin

cgj脚本目录share

nagios网页文件目录varnagios运行总会产生的数据[root@Wangqinagios]#lsetc/cgi.cfg

cgi程序配置文件nagios.cfg

nagios服务主配置文件resource.cfg定义nagios变量文件[root@Wangqinagios]#lsetc/objects/commands.cfg

定义监控命令配置文件localhost.cfg

定义监控本机对象配置文件timeperiods.cfg监控时间模板文件contacts.cfg

指定报警邮件发送邮箱templates.cfg

监控方式模板文件4.安装插件[root@WangqiDesktop]#tar-zxvfnagios-plugins-1.4.14.tar.gz[root@WangqiDesktop]#cdnagios-plugins-1.4.14[root@Wangqinagios-plugins-1.4.14]#./configure--with-nagios-user=nagios--with-nagios-group=nagcmd[root@Wangqinagios-plugins-1.4.14]#make&&makeinstall插件使用：[root@Wangqilibexec]#./check_http--help[root@Wangqilibexec]#./check_http-Hlocalhost-p80[root@Wangqilibexec]#./check_ftp-Hlocalhost-p21[root@Wangqilibexec]#./check_ping-H-w5,10%-c10,20%-p10-t20[root@Wangqilibexec]#htpasswd-cm/usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.usersnagiosadmin5.通过Firefox访问nagios[root@Wangqilibexec]#firefox&/nagiosuser:nagiosadminpassword:1234566.nagios监控本身配置步骤定义监控命令->commands.cfg定义监控对象->localhost.cfg加载监控对象配置文件->nagios.cfg配置登陆页面认证用户->nagios.conf启动nagios服务启动HTTP服务登陆监控页面（1）定义监控命令[root@Wangqinagios]#vimetc/objects/commands.cfg#'check_nfs'commanddefinitiondefinecommand{

command_name

check_nfs

command_line

$UWangqi$/check_tcp-H$HOSTADDRESS$$ARG1$

}[root@Wangqinagios]#vimetc/objects/localhost.cfgdefineservice{

use

local-service

;Nameofservicetemplatetouse

host_name

localhost

service_description

NFS

check_command

check_nfs!2049

notifications_enabled

0

}[root@Wangqinagios]#./bin/nagios-v/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

//检查文件[root@Wangqinagios]#servicenagiosrestart7.配置监控远程主机被监控端（1）安装监控插件[root@WangqiDesktop]#useraddnagios[root@WangqiDesktop]#groupaddnagcmd[root@WangqiDesktop]#usermod-aGnagcmdnagios安装插件[root@Wangqinagios-plugins-1.4.14]#tarzxvfnagios-plugins-1.4.14.tar.gz-C/usr/src/[root@Wangqinagios-plugins-1.4.14]#cd/usr/src/nagios-plugins-1.4.14/[root@Wangqinagios-plugins-1.4.14]#yum-yinstallgccgcc-c++[root@Wangqinagios-plugins-1.4.14]#./configure--with-nagios-user=nagios--with-nagios-group=nagcmd[root@Wangqinagios-plugins-1.4.14]#make&&makeinstall[root@Wangqinagios-plugins-1.4.14]#cd/usr/local/nagios/安装NRPE[root@WangqiDesktop]#tarzxvfnrpe-2.12.tar.gz[root@WangqiDesktop]#cdnrpe-2.12[root@Wangqinrpe-2.12]#yum-yinstallopenssl-devel[root@Wangqinrpe-2.12]#./configure&&

make&&makeinstall[root@Wangqinrpe-2.12]#makeinstall-plugin[root@Wangqinrpe-2.12]#makeinstall-daemon[root@Wangqinrpe-2.12]#makeinstall-daemon-config[root@Wangqinrpe-2.12]#makeinstall-xinetd[root@Wangqietc]#vimnrpe.cfgcommand[check_root]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk-w20%-c10%-p/rootcommand[check_boot]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk-w20%-c10%-p/boot[root@Wangqietc]#vim/etc/xinetd.d/nrpeonly_from

=[root@Wangqietc]#vim/etc/servicesnrpe

5666/tcp

#nrpe[root@Wangqinrpe-2.12]#yum-yinstallxinetd

//6.5需要安装[root@Wangqinrpe-2.12]#netstat-anptul|grep:5666tcp

0

0:::5666

:::*

LISTEN

51819/xinetd

[root@Wangqinrpe-2.12]#cd/usr/local/nagios/[root@Wangqilibexec]#./check_nrpe-HlocalhostNRPEv2.12监控端（1）安装nrpe[root@WangqiDesktop]#tarzxvfnrpe-2.12.tar.gz[root@WangqiDesktop]#cdnrpe-2.12[root@Wangqinrpe-2.12]#yum-yinstallopenssl-devel[root@Wangqinrpe-2.12]#./configure&&make&&makeinstall[root@Wangqinrpe-2.12]#makeinstall-plugin[root@Wangqilibexec]#./check_nrpe-HNRPEv2.12（2）定义命令[root@Wangqinagios]#vimetc/objects/commands.cfg#'check_nrpe'commanddefinitiondefinecommand{

command_name

check_nrpe

command_line

$UWangqi$/check_nrpe-H$HOSTADDRESS$-c$ARG1$

}[root@Wangqietc]#vimobjects/ser2.cfg

defineservice{

use

local-service

;Nameofservicetemplatetouse

host_name

W

service_description

BootPartition

check_command

check_nrpe!check_boot

}defineservice{

use

local-service

;Nameofservicetemplatetouse

host_name

W

service_description

RootPartition

check_command

check_nrpe!check_root

}[root@Wangqietc]#/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios-vnagios.cfg[root@Wangqietc]#servicenagiosrestart[root@Wangqilibexec]#firefox&/nagios

六、安装cacti1.安装相关软件包[root@Wangqietc]#yum-yinstallphp-mysqlphp-ldapphp-xmlnet-snmp-utilsmysqlmysql-servernet-snmpcrondrrdtoollm_sensorsrrdtool在RHEL5的光盘中不提供，需要用源码包yuminstall-ygccgcc-c++

libart_lgpl-devel

zlib-devel

libpng-devel

freetype-devel[root@Wangqietc]#servicehttpdstart[root@Wangqietc]#servicemysqldstart2.安装cacti[root@WangqiDesktop]#tarzxvfcacti-0.8.7g.tar.gz[root@WangqiDesktop]#cp-rpcacti-0.8.7g/var/www/html/cacti[root@Wangqihtml]#useraddcactiuser[root@Wangqihtml]#chown-Rcactiuser.cactiuser./cacti/rra[root@Wangqihtml]#chown-Rcactiuser.cactiuser./cacti/rra/cacti/log/[root@Wangqihtml]#mysql-uroot-pmysql>createdatabasecactidbdefaultcharactersetutf8;mysql>showdatabases;mysql>grantalloncactidb.*to'cactiuser'@'localhost'identifiedby'cacti';[root@Wangqicacti]#mysql-ucactiuser-pcacticactidb<cacti.sql[root@Wangqicacti]#viminclude/config.php3.登陆web界面HTTP：///cacti4.被监控端[root@Wangqietc]#vim/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

com2secnotConfigUserpublicaccess那一行的systemview改成allviewallincluded.1取消注释[root@Wangqietc]#servicesnmpdrestart5.监控端在web页上点击devices，删除原有的localhost，点击右侧的add添加新的主机。HOSTtemplate用ucd/netsnmphostAssociatedDataQueries添加以下的数据SNMP-GetMountedPartitions

SNMP-GetProcessorInformation

SNMP-InterfaceStatistics

保存save后，找到页面最上面的CreateGraphsforthisHost

把主机加入到图形树中点击左侧的graphtree->defaulttree->点击右侧的addtreeitemtype选择host，然后点击create

产生数据[root@localhost~]#su-cactiuser[runct@localhost~]$php/var/www/html/cacti/poller.php

[runct@localhost~]$crontab-e*/1****/usr/bin/php/var/www/html/cacti/poller.php&>/dev/null[runct@localhost~]$exit[root@localhost~]#servicecrondstart隔几分钟后，再点击web页的graph按钮就可以看到图形了[root@Wangqicacti]#servicesnmpdstart6.安装插件框架[root@Wangqicacti]#tarzxvfcacti-plugin-0.8.7g-PA-v2.9.tar.gz[root@Wangqicacti]#mvcacti-plugin-arch/var/www/html/cacti/[root@Wangqicacti]#cd/var/www/html/cacti/[root@Wangqicacti]#patch-p1-N<cacti-plugin-arch/cacti-plugin-0.8.7g-PA-v2.9.diff[root@Wangqicacti]#mysql-ucactiuser-pcacticactidb<cacti-plugin-arch/pa.sql[root@Wangqicacti]#viminclude/global.php$database_type="mysql";$database_default="cactidb";$database_hostname="localhost";$database_username="cactiuser";$database_password="cacti";$database_port="3306";[root@Wangqicacti]#viminclude/config.php$url_path="/cacti/";WEB页面中左侧的用户管理(usermanagement)->admin用户的权限(下面的PluginManagement)加入PA7.插件安装[root@WangqiDesktop]#tarzxvfsettings-v0.71-1.tgz[root@WangqiDesktop]#tarzxvfmonitor-v1.3-1.tgz[root@WangqiDesktop]#tarzxvfthold-v0.4.9-3.tgz[root@WangqiDesktop]#mvsettingsmonitorthold/var/www/html/cacti/plugins七、整合cacti+nagios1、cacti在监控服务器资源、绘图方面比nagios有优势，但是nagios在监控服务、报警方面是cacti无法替代的。无法仅使用其中一款软件达到所有的要求。cacti可以安装多款插件，其中NagiosPluginforCacti（NPC）可以将nagios的功能以插件的方式在cacti中显示出来。2、nagios本身的插件是二进制可执行文件，运维工程师不具备高级程序语言的编程能力，因此插件改用SHELL脚本实现。整合cacti和nagios是利用了cacti的一个插件nagiosforcacti，它的原理是将nagios的数据通过ndo2db导入到mysql数据库（cacti的库中），然后cacti读取数据库信息将nagios的结果展示出来。1.安装ndoutils首先需要安装ndoutils以将nagios的数据能导入到mysql数据库中[root@localhostcacti]#yum-yinstallmysql-devel[root@Wangqindoutils-1.4b9]#tarzxvfndoutils-1.4b9.tar.gz-C/usr/src/[root@Wangqindoutils-1.4b9]#cd/usr/src/ndoutils-1.4b9/[root@Wangqindoutils-1.4b9]#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/nagios

LDFLAGS=-L/usr/lib--with-mysql-inc=/usr/include/mysql--with-mysql-lib=/usr/lib/mysql--enable-mysql--disable-pgsql

--with-ndo2db-user=nagios--with-ndo2db-group=nagios[root@Wangqindoutils-1.4b9]#make&&makeinstall2.导入数据库[root@Wangqindoutils-1.4b9]#cddb/[root@Wangqidb]#./installdb-ucactiuser-pcacti-hlocalhost-dcactidb3.配置文件[root@Wangqidb]#cd..[root@Wangqindoutils-1.4b9]#cpconfig/ndomod.cfg-sample/usr/local/nagios/etc/ndomod.cfg[root@Wangqindoutils-1.4b9]#vim/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfgbroker_module=/usr/local/nagios/bin/ndomod.oconfig_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/ndomod.cfgprocess_performance_data=1[root@Wangqindoutils-1.4b9]#cpconfig/ndo2db.cfg-sample/usr/local/nagios/etc/ndo2db.cfg[root@Wangqindoutils-1.4b9]#grep-v-E'(^$|*#)'/usr/local/nagios/etc/ndomod.cfginstance_name=defaultoutput_type=tcpsocketoutput=tcp_port=5668use_ssl=0output_buffer_items=5000buffer_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/ndomod.tmpfile_rotation_interval=14400file_rotation_timeout=60reconnect_interval=15reconnect_warning_interval=15data_processing_options=-1config_output_options=2[root@Wangqindoutils-1.4b9]#vim

/usr/local/nagios/etc/ndomod.cfg[root@Wangqindoutils-1.4b9]#grep-v-E'(^$|*#)'/usr/local/nagios/etc/ndo2db.cfglock_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/ndo2db.lockndo2db_user=nagiosndo2db_group=nagiossocket_type=tcpsocket_name=/usr/local/nagios/var/ndo.socktcp_port=5668use_ssl=0db_servertype=mysqldb_host=localhostdb_port=3306db_name=cactidbdb_prefix=npc_db_user=cactiuserdb_pass=cactimax_timedevents_age=1440max_systemcommands_age=10080max_servicechecks_age=10080max_hostchecks_age=10080max_eventhandlers_age=44640max_externalcommands_age=44640debug_level=1debug_verbosity=1debug_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/ndo2db.debugmax_debug_file_size=1000000[root@Wangqindoutils-1.4b9]#vim

/usr/local/nagios/etc/ndo2db.cfg

二、安装jsonnpc展示部分用到json，需要在php中安装php-json的支持1、安装php的准备环境[root@localhostnpc]#yuminstall-yphp-devel2、安装json[root@localhostnpc]#tarxvjfphp-json-ext-1.2.1.tar.bz2-C/usr/src/[root@localhostphp-json-ext-1.2.1]#phpize[root@localhostphp-json-ext-1.2.1]#./configure&&make&&makeinstall

3、启用json扩展[root@localhostphp-json-ext-1.2.1]#vim/etc/php.d/json.iniextension=php_json.so[root@localhostphp-json-ext-1.2.1]#ln-s/usr/lib64/php/modules/json.so/usr/lib64/php/modules/php_json.so三、安装npc插件1、安装[root@localhostnpc]#tarxvzfnpc-2.0.4.tar.gz[root@localhostnpc]#mvnpc/var/www/html/cacti/plugins2、在WEB页中启用插件3、配置插件4、注意修改权限[root@localhostnpc]#cd/usr/local/nagios/etc[root@localhostetc]#chmod644ndo2db.cfg

[root@localhostetc]#chmod644ndomod.cfg[root@localhostet