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ABSOLUTEMONARCHSCHAPTER21Whoareabsolutemonarchs?Kingsorqueenswhoheldallpowerwithintheirstates’boundariesTheybelievedgodcreatedthemonarchyandmonarchswereGod’srepresentativeonearth(DivineRight)PhillipIISonofCharlesV–ruleroftheHolyRomanEmpireBecamerulerofSpain,Netherlands,andtheSpanishAmericancoloniesCreatedandempirethatcircledtheglobePhillipIIDefenderofCatholicismagainstMuslimsandProtestantsDefeatedOttomansatBattleofLepanto(1571)SpanishArmadadestroyedbyEngland(1588)SpanishempireneverrecoversLouisXIVBackgroundGrandfather–HenryIVenactedtheEdictofNantesCardinalRichelieuhelpedLouis’dadestablishcontrolofFranceLouis’BackgroundLouisbecamekingat4yearsoldwhenhisfatherdiedLouisgrewhatethenobility,becauseoftheriotsthattoreFranceapartduringhischildhoodHowLouisXIVwasanAbsoluteRuler?“L’ètat,e’est
moi”“Iamthestate”Louis’viewwasthatheandthestatewereoneinthesameHebecamethemostpowerfulrulerinFrenchhistoryLouisattackstheNobilityLouisexcludedthenobilityfromtheFrenchcouncilsHeincreasedthepowerofgovernmentagentscalledintendantsTheintendantscollectedtaxesLouisisdevotedtomakingFranceanEconomicPowerJeanBaptisteColbertbecameLouis’ministeroffinanceHewantedtomakeFranceself-sufficientColbertdevelopedthetheoryofmercantilism:Wantedtoexport(sendgoodsoverseas)morethanyouimport(bringgoodsinfromoverseas)Louis’DisastrousWarsFrenchMilitaryCampaignsLouisspenthis$onmilitarycampaignstoexpandFrenchboundariesThesewarsalmostbankruptedthecountryCountrieslearnedtojointogethertodefeatFrance
WarofSpanishSuccession
TheSpanishkinglefthisthronetoLouisXIVgrandsonin1700Europewasoutraged&worriedaboutthetwobiggestpowersbeingunitedbyblood
WarofSpanishSuccessionThiswarlasted13years&FrancelostLouislost3outof4sonsHisgrandsonwillbecomekingofSpainLouisdiedin1715
Louis’LegacyWhenLouisdiedin1715,peoplecheered!Mixedlegacy:Positive:FrancerankedaboveallotherEuropeannationsinart&literature.AlsoconsideredthemilitaryleaderofEuropeNegative:Constantwarfare&theconstructionofthePalaceofVersaillesputFranceintostaggeringdebt.PlusthepoorwereburdenedbyhightaxesThePalaceofVersaillesOnpage599,explainhowLouisXIVcontrolledthenobilityinthePalace?Describethemostbeautifulroominthepalace.Howmanyacresofgardens&howmanyfountainswereinthePalace?WhydoyouthinkLouisXIVbelievedheneededsuchalarge&luxuriouspalace?LouisXIVReviewList4waysthatLouisXIVwasanabsolutistruler.ABCDWasLouis’planforfinancingthecountryagoodplanornot?Readonpage601&explainwhowasthebigwinneroutoftheWarofSpanishSuccession&why.TheThirtyYears’WarCausesFerdinandII-HolyRomanEmperor(Catholic)forcedsomeProtestantchurchestocloseinBohemia.ProtestantsrevoltedagainstFerdinand’spolicy.Ferdinandsenttroopstopunishtheprotestors.GermanProtestantprincessenttroopstohelptheprotestors.TheThirtyYears’WarPhase1Ferdinand’sarmy(Catholics)constantlydefeattheProtestants.TheydestroymanyGermanvillages.Phase2Francehelps
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