英美文学考研笔记

第第#页美国文学史复习(colonialism)第一部分殖民主义时期的文学一、时期综述1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives日记b、journals游记2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：1)theirvoyagetothenewlandAdaptingthemselvestounfamiliarclimatesandcropsAboutdealingwithIndiansGuidetothenewland,endlessbounty,invitationtoboldspirit3、清教徒的思想：1)puritanwanttomakeuppuretheirreligiousbeliefsandpractices净化信仰与行为方式2)WishtorestoresimplicitytochurchandtheauthorityoftheBibletothetheology.重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位3)lookuponthemselvesaschosenpeople,anditfollowlogicallythatanyonewhochallengedtheirwayoflifeisopposingGod'swillandisnottobeaccepted.认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝4)puritanoppositiontopleasureandtheartssometimeshasbeenexaggerated.反对对快乐与艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5)religiousteachingtendedtoemphasizetheimageofawrathfulGod.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。4、典型的清教徒：JohnCotton&RogerWilliam他们的不同：JohnCottonwasmuchmoreconcernedwithauthoritythanwithdemocracy;WilliambeginsthehistoryofreligioustolerationinAmerica.5、William的宗教观点：Tolerationdidnotstemfromalackofreligiousconvictions.Instead,itsprangfromtheideathatsimplytobevirtuousinconductanddevoutinbeliefdidnotgiveanyonetherighttoforcebeliefonothers.HealsofeltthatnopoliticalorderorchurchsystemcouldidentifyitselfdirectlywithGod.行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序与教会体制能够直接表达神本身的意旨。6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：AnneBradstreet7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：thebestofPuritanpoetsisEdwardTayor.学习指南：1、CouldyougiveadescriptionofAmericanPuritans?关于美国清教徒的描绘LiketheirbrothersbackinEngland,wereidealists,believingthatthechurchshouldberestoredtothe"purity"ofthefirst-centurychurchasestablishedbyJesusChristhimself.Tothemreligionwasamatterofprimaryimportance.TheymadeittheirchiefbusinesstoseethatmanlivedandthoughtandactedinawaywhichtendedtothegloryofGod.Theyacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod,allthatJohnCalvin,thegreatFrenchtheologianwholivedinGenevahadpreached.Itwasthiskindofreligiousbeliefthattheybroughtwiththemintothewildness.TheretheymeaanttoprovethatwereGod'schosenpeopleenjoyinghisblessingsonthisearthasinHeaven.2、Hardwork,thrift,pietyandsobrietywerethePuritanvaluesthatdominatedmuchoftheearliestAmericanwriting.3、Theworkoftwowriters,AnneBradstreet&EdwardTaylor,roset