科宝肉鸡饲养管理教学课件

FeedingTheCobbBroiler科宝肉鸡饲养管理AndrewBourne–BroilerSpecialist(WorldTechnicalSupport)AndrewBourne-肉鸡专家（世界技术支持）1Feed&Management

饲料&饲养管理GenetictrendsWhattoexpectinthefuture?WhatRation?LEASTCOSTChickStartHowToMaximiseFeedIntakeA。育种趋势未来可以期待什么？B。衡量的标准（量化标准是什么）？最低成本C。育雏如何摄入最多的饲料2GENETICTRENDS

育种趋势3AnnualImprovementRatesCobb500

科宝500每年的遗传进展率Trait项目Improvement进展Weight体重50g（克）FeedConversion饲料转化率-0.02EvisceratedYield酮体0.1%BreastMeat胸肉0.3%Eggs/HenHoused入舍母鸡产蛋14SelectionPressureonBodyWt.体重方面的选种压力5CobbMalePerformance

科宝公鸡性能Trait项目19942003DIFFERENCE差异Wtat4242日龄体重2076g2848g770gWtat5656日龄体重3082g4064g982gDays-2kg2公斤需要的天数40.932.9<8daysDays-3kg3公斤需要的天数54.843.6<11.2days6Avian48/Cobb500

AVIAN48/科宝500GrandParent祖代Maleline公系Femaleline母系Line35xLine35Line58xLine12Line44Line12ParentStock父母代MaleParent父母代公鸡FemaleParent父母代母鸡Broiler肉鸡7HybridVigor–ImprovedLivabilityandFCR.LittledifferenceinBW&FCRcomparedtoCobb500Cobb500-Breastmuscleiswider.Avian48-Breastmusclelonger&narrowReducedBreastYieldBUTincreasedDrumStick≈SimilarWOGyield.高效性能-成活率和肉料比更好与科宝500相比，体重和肉料笔差异很小科宝500-胸肉更宽AVIAN48-胸肉更长更窄胸肉率减少，但腿肉更多≈出肉率相似CharacteristicsoftheAvian48VSCobb500

AVIAN48与科宝500特点对照8B.THELEASTCOSTWAY

OR

THECOBBWAY

最低成本的方式

或

科宝的方式9LowDensityNutrition低营养饲料

TheEconomics经济性

Theobviouswaytoincreaseprofitabilityisbyreducingthecostperkgofliveweightproduced.提高经济效益的最好方法是降低活鸡的每公斤生产成本Manycompanies,however,measureproductionefficiencywithindicatorslikeEPEF(FeedConversion,MortalityandAverageDailyGain)然而，许多公司喜欢使用如EPEF的指标去衡量生产效率（饲料转化率，死亡率和每天增重）AdrivetomaximiseBroilerphysicalperformanceisnotalwaysthemostcosteffectivebusinessstrategy最求肉鸡的最高生长表现不一定是最有效的经济策略10ManagingBroilersforProfit

为盈利为目的去管理肉鸡

AdjustingNutrientDensitytothebird’srequirement

根据肉鸡的要求调整营养标准

%reductioninfeedcost–Lysine-doesnotalwaysresultinthesame%increaseinFCR!!!饲料成本下降的幅度%-赖氨酸-不一定导致肉料比数值提高相同的幅度%Dependingoninitiallevels-areductioninnutrientdensity(essentialAminoAcids)MAYnotcauseperformanceloss.与最初的营养水平相关–营养水平的下降（必须的氨基酸）不一定导致性能的下降

Lysine–Indicatorofthecostofaration赖氨酸-成本的合理指标11EffectsofLysineonBW,FCR&WMyield

赖氨酸对体重、肉料比和WM的影响LEASTCOSTWAY最低的成本方式OptimumLysineLevel最佳的赖氨酸水平12LocalChange

FCRvs.FeedCost/kg肉料比（FCR）VS.每公斤饲料成本

Customersneedtobeconvincedthatnutritionrequirementsaredifferent.Cobbbirdsarefed“cheaper”rationsthantheOTHERBREEDS.我们要说服肉鸡饲养户，科宝肉鸡的营养要求是不同的。科宝肉鸡需要比其它品种更加“低廉”的饲料FCRisnolongeravalidcomparativeindex…FeedCost/kgistheindex(FCRxDietCost)肉料比（FCR）不再是有效的比较指标每公斤的饲料成本才是有效的指标（FCRx配方成本）13EssentialNutrients基本营养要求

AreasNOTtocompromiseon

不能降低的方面MineralandVitaminNutrition微量元素和矿物营养

RapidGrowthusually=highfeedconsumption=morerapidpassageofdigestathroughthegut=shorterperiodforabsorptionofsomekeynutrients.通常，生长速度快=饲料消耗量高=内脏消化液的分泌更快=营养成分的吸收时间更短Caabsorptionisabout50%,however,thisdeclineswithincreasingfeedintake.钙的吸收大概是50%，然而，却随着饲料摄入的增加而下降STARTERGROWERFINISHERCalcium

%钙1.051.000.90Av.Phosphorus%0.500.480.45VitaminD3(MIU/t)

维生素D35.05.05.0

Highearlygrowthpotential–VERYIMPORTANTthatlevelsofseveralkeymicronutrientsarenotcompromised.早期生长速度潜力高–几种微量元素的水平不能降低，很重要14ResponsetoEnergy对能量的反应

EffectsonFCR对FCR的影响

Likeallbirds,theCobbbirdrespondstolowerenergybyEATINGMORE!!.CobbEnergySpecificationsareLOWERthantheOTHERBREEDS.Reducingconsumptionbyincreasingenergytohighlevelsis–VERYDANGEROUS-thebird’sappetiteisenormous!UseCobbdietsfortheintendedperiods.Example:GrowerRation-isNOTintendedtogoover22days.EnergyistoolowandFCRislostquickly15AVIAN48FeedFormulation

AVIAN48饲料配方16Cobb500FeedFormulation

科宝500饲料配方17MineralandVitaminRequirements

矿物质和维生素的需求

LegDisordersassociatedwithdeficiencyorimbalance

与矿物质和维生素缺乏或失蘅相关的腿病Rotatedtibias-PerosisPerosis=Manganesedeficiencycommonly.Tendonslips.InrotatedtibiastendonremainsinplaceInfectiouslegdisordersorlongbonedeformitiescandevelopafteranutritionaldisorderastheyweakensthechicken’slegsTD,Rickets18Rickets-growthplatelesions

NormalCa/DdeficiencyPdeficiencyOftenbetween2and4weeksofage通常在2-4周期间发生MineralandVitaminRequirements

矿物质和维生素的需求

LegDisordersassociatedwithdeficiencyorimbalance

与矿物质和维生素缺乏或失蘅相关的腿病19TibialDyschondroplasia(TD)Ca/Pimbalances(Normalratio=2.1)Normallypost4weeksofage钙/P失蘅（正常比例=2.1）通常在4周龄以后发生MineralandVitaminRequirements

矿物质和维生素的需求

LegDisordersassociatedwithdeficiencyorimbalance

与矿物质和维生素缺乏或失蘅相关的腿病20LowDensityNutrition低营养饲料

Whyconsiderit?

为什么要考虑？CONTROLGROWTH0–21d=GOODSKELETALHEALTH

Lowdensity=LowCostnutritionTHEKEYtogrowthcontrol0-21日龄控制体重增长=良好的骨骼健康低营养=低成本体重增长控制的关键COBB>21DAYSCOMPENSATORYGROWTH科宝在超过21日龄后出现补偿性生长21LeastCost

最低的成本ReducedEnergyandAminoAcidsBUTWELLBALANCED.LoweredLiveWeightGain(ADG)&IncreasedFCROPTIMALCostPerKilogramofBW降低能量和氨基酸，但仍然达到良好的均衡体重增长率下降，同时，肉料比（FCR）值升高最好的每公斤活鸡成本22StarterGrowerFinisherProtein蛋白21.019.017.5Lys,total0Lys,dig.1.040.96.87TSAA.89.86.82TSAA,dig..77.75.71Threonine.79.75.70Calcium.90.88.84Av.P.45.42.40Sodium.20.17.16ME,MJ/kg12.4512.7013.20ME,kcal/kg297630353155Cal:Prot142160180LeastCost

最低的成本23DefineYourBusinessNutritionRequirements

根据自己的公司策略制定肉鸡的营养标准CustomerNeedsCarcassweightProductionParameters:SlaughterweightSlaughterAgeCycleLength1.屠宰体重2.屠宰日龄3.饲养周期Netreturn:KG/M²/YEARGrossMargin24USDATA:LeastCostVSEEI

美国数据：最低成本vs.EEI25

USDATA:LeastCostVSEEI

美国数据：最低成本vs.EEI26AVIAN48PERFORMANCE

AVIAN48肉鸡性能27COBB500PERFORMANCE

科宝500肉鸡性能28BROILERBUSINESSMANAGEMENTMEASURE&BENCHMARKYOURBUSINESS!HOW?Answer:WeighEachWeek.MeasureFeedConsumption–1stWeek!!!MeasureDailyWaterConsumptionBenchmarkperformancewiththeBEST7dBW=4×dayoldweight160-170grams29D.CHICKSTART–FEEDINTAKEMANAGEMENT

开始育雏–吃料管理30CHICKSTART

开始育雏FinancialSuccessChickStartHOUSEPREPARATIONFEEDACCESS+WATER!LITTERTEMP.Checkchicksregularlythedayofplacement.经济收益开始育雏准备鸡舍-准备充足的饲料和水-垫料温度在进雏当天经常检查鸡雏的情况317DAYWEIGHTS-LOW?

7日龄体重–低？WHY?为什么？1. LOWFEEDCONSUMPTION!!ORFEEDQUALITY?吃料少！！！或2.饲料质量？32ImportanceOfEarlyFeedConsumption

早期吃料的重要性Absorptionofyolk-secretionofyolkintheintestineNutrients:25%protein,25%lipids&50%water+antibodiesInternalorgangrowthliver,intestines,perorgangrowthneededfordigestion.spleenandbursaweightsrelatetobodyweight=immunity.蛋黄吸收-33DigestiveTract-EarlyFeedIntakePostHatch-IntestineincreasesinweightquickerthanthebodyMaxIntestineGrowthfor6-10daysposthatchVillusHeightIncreases200%48HRPostHatch-VilliESSENTIALforAbsorption34DigestiveTract-EarlyFeedIntakeDigestion-NeedgastricandpancreaticsecretionsFeedintakeincreasessecretions35FEEDAdditionalfeedingspaceforfirstweek25%broodingareacoveredwithpaper50-65gadditionalfeedperchickSupplementarytrays–1per100chicks36STARTERFE