阅读理解提升训练

阅读理解（五）阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A[2021•成都市高中毕业班第二次诊断性检测]TrainingforSavingFirstAidatWork3days£279SuitablefOrpeopleaged16+whomightneedtoprovidefirstaidbyrespondingtoawiderangeofaccidents,injuriesandillnessesthattheycouldencounterintheirworkplace.Idealfororganizationswhoseneedsassessmenthasidentifiedarequirementforadditionalfirstaidtraining,especiallythosehavingemployeeswithadisabilityoramedicalcondition.Lunchbreaks.Theclassroomsetting.Certificatestoissue.AEDwithLifeSupport2days£107Arightchoiceforpeopleover16whowanttolearnhowtouseanautomatedexternaldefibrillator（AED）.Firstaidforunresponsiveadultsinaddition.CurrentlyavailableatourLondon,EdinburghandReadingvenues;however,youcanorganizeatrainingsessionforagroupofupto15peopleatyourworkplacebyrequestingagroupbooking.Certificatesvalidforthreeyears.FirstAidforTeachersTraining1day£50Speciallydesignedforthoseworkinginaschoolenvironmentandwishingtohavethefirstaidskillstoactinanemergency.Idealforteachersandotherschoolstaffover16.Firstaidskillstohelpachildwhoisunresponsiveandbreathingornotbreathing,choking,havinganallergicreactionoraheadinjury.Notqualifythelearnertoactasafirstaider.FireMarshalTraining4days£364Takethisifyouareover16andresponsibleforfiresafetyorappointedfiremarshalsintheworkplace.Cometounderstandhowafirestartsandspreads;howtoassessandmanagetheserisks;andhowtousefirefightingequipment.Youmustbephysicallyabletocarryoutthepracticalelementsofthecourse.Roleplay.Classroomenvironment.Certificates.WhatcanbelearntinthecourseAEDwithLifeSupport?Stepstodealwithmassiveinjuries.Theprocessofpreventingaterriblefire.Operationofcertainmedicalequipment.Treatmentforanadult'smentalproblems.Whichcoursecoststhemostperday?FirstAidatWork.AEDwithLifeSupport.FirstAidforTeachersTraining.FireMarshalTraining.Whatdothefourcourseshaveincommon?Providingcertificatesfortrainees.Havingthesamerequirementforage.Offeringadiscountforagroupbooking.Takingmorethanonedayforpeopletocompletethem.B[2021■大连市高三双基测试卷]Lookingbackisawonderfulthing.Itallowsyoutoseewhathasledyouhereand,hopefully,howsocietyhaschangedandimproved.Take,forinstance,mycareergoal.First,Iwanted,in1999,tobea“farmer”，soonarchaeologist,thendrivinginstructorandsomewherealongtheway,footballer.Ihadgrownupinafootballlovingfamily.IremembertheexactmomentwhenIsaid“I'msadIcan'tbeafootballer^whilewatchingthegamewithDadasapreteen.Heaskedwhynot.“BecauseI'mnotaboy."Heimmediatelyresponded,“Youcan,ifyouwantto.”“Yeah,Isupposeso,”Isighed,“butnoonewatcheswomen'sfootball."Lookingback,IcanseeexactlywhyIfeltlikethat.Atschool,therewasanunwrittenrulethatsportslikehockeyandnetballwere“girl”sportsandrugbyandfootballwerefortheboys.I'dneverseenawomen'sfootballmatchonTV.Yousee,youcan'tbewhatyoucan'tsee,andlackofrepresentationleads,atbest,tomisunderstanding,andatworst,fearandnegativeopinions.Today,theLionessestookonScotlandintheWorldCup,andpeopleacrosstheworldtunedin.But,althoughwomen'sfootballisoneofFIFA'sbestinvestments,themajorityoffemaleplayersareearningunderafairwage.Somearguethatthat'sbecauseviewingstatisticsarelowerthanthoseofmen's,buttheriseinsupportshowsthedemandisthere.Hopefully,moreinvestmentwillpushfemalefootballforward.Today,I'llbecheeringontheLionesses,becauseit'llmeantalented,skillfulfemalefootballersbeingbroadcastintomillionsofhomesandmaybe,justmaybe,alittlegirlbelievingthatshecanalsobeaLionessoneday.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'scareergoals?Realistic. B.Changeable.C．Consistent. D．Longsought.Whydidn'ttheauthorbelieveshecouldbeafootballer?A．Shewasnottalentedenough.Peoplelostfaithinwomen'sfootball.Girlswereforbiddentoplayfootball.Shehadnoexampletofollow.Whatcanweknowaboutwomen'sfootballfromParagraph5?AIt'sbetterpaidthanmen's.BItisincreasinglypopular.CIthasnomarketdemand.DItisnotprofitable.7.Whatdoesthetextmainlywanttotellus?A.Societyadvanceswithtime.B.Womendeserveequalrights.C.Eachgoalisworthpursuing.D.Hardworkalwayspaysoff.[2021-武汉市高三起点质量检测]Whenyoureallyloveabook,orhavejustscoredanewonethatyou'redyingtoread,itcanbeexcitingtopickupasmooth,shinyhardcovercopythatcreaksalittlebitwhenyouopenit.Butthosehardcoverbookscanbeheavy,andnewonesaren'tcheap,either.Sometimes,you'djustratherhaveaportablepaperback—butifit'sanewbookyou'reafter,youmighthavetowaitafullyearorsotogetitinpaperbackform.Whyarebooksreleasedashardcoversfirst?Notsolongago,hardcoverbooksweretheonlytypeofbooks.Beforetheappearanceofmassproduction,printrunswerelimited,andbookswerehardboundandexpensive.Aroundthe1930s,thatchangedwiththeproductionofmassproducedpaperbackbooks,whichagreedwithahugesurgeinreadingasaleisureactivityaroundWorldWarII.Paperbackbooksweremoreaffordableandcheapertoproduce,whichstillholdstruetoday.Despitetheseemingadvantagesofpaperbacks,thereareseveralreasonswhythehardcoverhaspersisted（持续存在）.Becauseofitshistory,itconveysabitmorelegitimacy（正统性）inthebookworldthanthepaperbackdoes.“Thehardbackisamarkofquality...itshowsbooksellersandreviewersthatthisisabookworthpayingattentionto,”PhilipJones,editoratTheBookseller,explainstoTheGuardian.Butthemajorreasonwhybookscomeoutashardcoversisthatpeoplebuythem,despitetheirhighercost.TheEconomistcomparesittomoviesbeingreleasedintheatersseveralmonthsbeforetheyarriveonDVD.“Justasfilmfansliketoseefilmsonthebigscreen,collectorsenjoythehardcover'ssuperiorquality,”accordingtoTheEconomist.Andbecausethey'reprofitable,publisherscangainmorefromhardcovers,which“willoftensellattwicethepriceoftheirpaperbackequivalent（对应物）butdonotcosttwiceasmuchtoproduce,”Jonesexplains.WhatcanwelearnabouthardcoverbooksfromParagraph1?Theyappealtorealbooklovers.Theyareheavybutnotexpensive.Theytakealongtimetocomeout.Theyarenotpreferredbybooklovers.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surge”inParagraph2mean?Drop. B.Success.C.Blow. D.Increase.10．Whyarehardcoverbooksstillprintedtoday?A．Theyarebrilliantlyedited.B．Theyareworthcollecting.C．Theyconveycorrectinformation.D．Theysellbetterthanpaperbacks.11．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroducehardcoverbooks.B．Topresentanewsocialfinding.C．Toexplainaconfusingproblem.D．Toencouragepeopletoreadbooks.D[2021-南昌市一模]Ajointresearchteamrecentlyhavedevelopedanewelectronicskinthatissimilartohumanskininstrength,durability（而寸久性）andsensitivity.Theskinoreskinmayplayanimportantroleinnextgenerationpersonalizedmedicine,softroboticsandartificialintelligence.“Theidealeskinwillmimic（模仿）themanynaturalfunctionsofhumanskin,suchassensingtemperatureandthetouch,accuratelyandinrealtime,”saysleadingresearcherYichenCai.However,makingsuitablyflexibleelectronicsthatcanperformsuchdelicatetaskswhilealsousedrepeatedlyischallenging,andeachmaterialinvolvedmustbecarefullyengineered.Mosteskinsaremadebyputtinganactivesensoronthesurfacethatattachestohumanskin.However,theconnectionbetweenthemisoftentooweak,whichreducesthedurabilityandsensitivityofthematerial;otherwise,ifitistoostrong,itwon'tbeflexibleenough,makingitmorelikelytobreakthecircuit.“Thelandscapeofskinelectronicskeepsshiftingataremarkablepace,”saysCai.“Thediscoveryof2Dsensorshasacceleratedeffortstoturnthesequitethinbutstrongmaterialsintofunctional,durableartificialskins.”Thenewmanmadeskinbuiltbytheresearcherscouldsenseobjectsfrom20centimetersaway.Itcouldfurthermakeaquickresponsewhentouchedinlessthanonetenthofasecond.“Itisastrikingachievementforaneskintomaintaintoughnessafterrepeateduse,”saidJieShen,thecolleagueofCai,“whichmimicsthesoftnessandrapidrecoveryofhumanskin.”Thistypeofeskincouldmonitorarangeofbiologicalinformation,suchaschangesinbloodpressure,whichcanbedetectedfrommovementsofarmsandlegs.ThisdatacanthenbesharedandstoredonthecloudviaWiFi.“Oneremainingproblemtothewidespreaduseofeskinsliesinmassproductionofhighresolutionsensors,”addsgroupleaderVincentTung.“However,thelatesttechnologyoffersnewpromise.”What'sthefeatureoftheneweskin?Itcanstoreinformation.It'squitehardandtough.It'sflexibleandsensitive.Itcanreplacehumanskin.Whydoestheauthormention“Mosteskins”inParagraph3?Tostressthechallengesofmakingeskin.Tointroducethepopularityofeskins.Toshowtheprocessofmakingeskins.Tocomparethesimilaritiesbetweeneskins.Whatcantheneweskindo?Adjustthebloodpressure.Recoverthewoundedskin.Workasaremotecontroller.Sensetheoutsidetemperature.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?ABreakthroughinHighTechnologyManmadeSkinImprovedEskin,aPromisingBusinessTheWidespreadUseofEskin第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2021•重庆市七校联考]Toachievesomethinginlife,youwillneedtoidentifyimportantlifegoalsandcreateaplanofaction.Goalachievementinvolvesclarityofpurpose,continueddetermination,andarewardsystemthatkeepsyouonyourintendedpath.16__Clarifyyourlifegoals.Youmaybeenthusiasticaboutobtaininganadvanceddegree,startingafamily,creatingasuccessfulbusinessorwritingabook.Askyourselfwhatreallymakesyouhappyandtrytofollowyourhappiness.Recognizeyourstrengths.Itisabadideatofollowalifesuggestionjustbecausesomeonetellsyouto.However,otherpeoplewillbeabletorecognizeyourstrengthsthatyouoftencannotrecognizeinafairway.__17Trytosuityourgoalstoyourstrengths.Forexample,ifyouaregoodatdrawing,thinkaboutcareersinvisualdesign.18Thatdoesn'tmeanyoushoulddevoteyourselftobeinganartistoranovelist,whichcanbedifficultcareers.Butyoushouldconsiderothercareersthatcallfortheseskills,likeadvertising,architecture,design,orlaw.19Forexample,youmighthaveaninnovativebusinessconcept,butnotenoughcapitaltogetitofftheground.Itisimpracticaltogetintosportsorsomeprofessionalcareerspastacertainage.Talktopeoplewhohavefollowedtherouteyouarefavoringtodetermineifitisanavailableoptionforyou.Haveconfidence.20Thinkaboutyouraccomplishments.Practicebodylanguagethatshowsconfidence.Onceyoudeveloptheconfidencetoactandbesuccessful,yourconfidencewillnaturallygrowwithyouraccomplishments.Removetheblocksthatdragyoudown.Identifyblocksthatmayaffectyourgoal.It'ssignificanttobeambitiousandhardworking.Mostimportantly,itrequiresagoalthatkeepsyouinspired.Listentowhattheysayaboutyourstrengthsandweaknesses.Studiesshowthatyourconfidenceisasimportantasyouractualqualifications.Ifyouaregoodatwriting,considerhowyoucanmakeuseofthatinyourowncareer.阅读理解第一节A答案与解析：C考查理解具体信息的能力。根据AEDwithLifeSupport中的“whowanttolearnhowtouseanautomatedexternaldefibrillator(AED)”并结合常识可知，AED是一种医疗设备，故选C项。答案与解析：A考查计算的能力。根据每一个项目的持续时间和价格可知，FirstAidatWork每天的价格是279-3=93英镑；AEDwithLifeSupport每天的价格是107；2=53.5英镑；FirstAidforTeachersTraining每天的价格是50英镑；FireMarshalTraining每天的价格是364-4=91英镑，故FirstAidatWork每天的费用最高。答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据FirstAidatWork中的“Suitableforpeopleaged16+"，AEDwithLifeSupport中的“人rightchoiceforpeopleover16”，FirstAidforTeachersTraining中的“Idealforteachersandotherschoolstaffover16”，FireMarshalTraining中的“Takethisifyouareover16”可知，这四个课程学习者的年龄都须在16岁以上，故选B。B答案与解析:B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“First,Iwanted,in1999,tobea‘farmer’，soonarchaeologist,thendrivinginstructorandsomewherealongtheway,footballer"可知，作者的职业目标一直在变化，故B项正确。答案与解析：D考查推断的能力。根据第四段中的“I'dneverseenawomen'sfootballmatchonTV.Yousee，youcan'tbewhatyoucan'tsee"可以推断，作者没有在电视上看到过女性足球比赛，没有榜样可循，因此认为自己不能成为一名足球运动员，故D项正确。答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第五段中的“buttheriseinsupportshowsthedemandisthere^可知，对女足的资助增多表明对女足有需求，由此可知B项正确。答案与解析：A考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。本文的中心句为“Itallowsyoutoseewhathasledyouhereand,hopefully,howsocietyhaschangedandimproved”。文章以作者想成为一名女足球运动员，却由于没有榜样可循而放弃切入话题，文章后半部分讲随着时代的发展，社会在进步，女足得到了更多的投资和关注，所以这篇文章主要想告诉我们随着时代的发展，社会在进步，故A项正确。C答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段第一句“Whenyoureallyloveabook,orhavejustscoredanewonethatyou'redyingtoread,itcanbeexcitingtopickupasmooth,shinyhardcovercopythatcreaksalittlebitwhenyouopenit”可知，如果你的