2021届天津市自立中学高三英语期末试题及答案解析

2021届天津市自立中学高三英语期末试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASheffieldLincolnCollegeofEnglishClassesforforeignstudentsatalllevels.3months,6months,9monthsandoneyearcourse.Openallyear.Smallclass（atmost12students）.Library,languagelaboratoryandlisteningcenter.Accommodation（住宿）withselectedfamilies.25minutesfromLondon.CoursefeesforEnglishforoneyearare£1,380withreductionforshorterperiodsofstudy.Thispassageisprobablytakenfrom .A.anadvertisement B.anoticeC.aposter D.apieceofnewsWhowillbeacceptedbythiscollege?A.Bothforeignandnativestudents.B.Onlyforeignbeginnersandtheadvanced.C.Foreignstudentsfrombeginnerstotheadvanced.D.Onlyforeignstudentsadvanced.Whileyoustaythere,whowilltakecareofyou?A.Yourparents. B.Yourclassmates.C.Theschoolwhereyoustudy. D.Thefamilyyouhavechosen.BItisaquestionpeoplehavebeenaskingforages.Isthereawaytoturnbacktheagingprocess?Forcenturies,peoplehavebeenlookingfora“fountainofyouth”.Theideaisthatifyoufindamagicalfountain,anddrinkfromitswaters,youwillnotage.ResearchersinNewYorkdidnotfindanactualfountainofyouth,buttheymayhavefoundawaytoturnbacktheagingprocess.Itappearstheanswermaybehiddenrightbetweenyoureyes,inanareacalledthehypothalamus（下丘脑）.Thehypothalamusispartofyourbrain.Itcontrolsimportantactivitieswithinthebody.ResearchersatNewYork’sAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicinefoundthathypothalamusneural（神经的）stemcellsalsoinfluencehowfastagingtakesplaceinthebody.Whatarestemcells（干细胞）？Theyaresimplecellsthatcandevelopintospecializedcells,likebloodorskincells.Stemcellscanalsorepairdamagedtissuesandorgans.DongshengCaiisaprofessorattheAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine.Hewastheleadresearcherinastudyonaginginmice.HeandhisteamreportedtheirfindingsinthejournalNature,Caiexplainedwhenhypothalamusfunctionisindecline,particularlythelossofhypothalamusstemcells,andthisprotectionagainsttheagingdevelopmentislost.iteventuallyleadstoaging.Usingthisinformation,theresearchersbegantryingtoactivate,orenergize,thehypothalamuslaboratorymice.Theydidthisbyinjectingtheanimalswithstemcells,Later,theresearchersexaminedtissuesandtestedforchangesinbehavior.Theylookedforchangesinthestrengthandcoordination（协调）oftheanimalsmuscles.Theyalsostudiedthesocialbehaviorandcognitiveabilityofthemice.Theresearcherssaytheresultsshowthatthetreatmentslowedagingintheanimals,Caisaysinjectingmiddle-agedmicewithstemcellsfromyoungermicehelpedtheolderanimalslivelonger.Buttheseresultswerejustfromstudyingmiceinalaboratory.Ifthemicecanlivelonger,doesthatmeanpeoplecouldhavelongerlives?Thenextstepistoseeiftheanti-agingeffectsalsoworkin.InParagraph2a“fountainofyouth”ismentionedto .A.introducethemaintopicB.showahiddensecret.C.describescientistsresearchD.recommendawaytostayyoungAgingtakesplaceinthebodywhen .stemcellsdevelopintospecializedcellsthereareimportantactivitieswithinthebodyhypothalamusneuralstemcellsfailtoprotectagainstagingthehypothalamusfailstorepairdamagedtissuesandorgansWhatdoweknowabouttheresearchersatAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicinefromthetext?Theydidexperimentstoseehowstemcellswork.Theystudiedmicetofindtheirconnectionwithhumans.Theyhavefoundapossiblewaytoslowtheagingprogress.TheyhavefoundnochangesinmicesbehaviorduringtheexperimentWhatwilltheresearchersprobablydonext?Theywillhelpsomeanimalslivelonger.Theywillannouncethefountainofyouthdoesn’texistTheywilldevelopproductstohelppeoplelivealongerlifeimmediatelyTheywilldoresearchtoseeifwhattheyhavefoundinmicewillapplytohumans.CAlexWong,ajunioratMarkKeppelHighSchoolinAlhambra,California,isworkinghardonhisapplicationtoatopcollege.HisresumeshowsoffhisnearlystraightA’sindifficultclasses,experienceatasummerprogramatStanfordUniversity,EagleScoutprojectandtimeonthesoccerteamaswellastheschoolchoir.Buthissteadyprogressstoppedunexpectedlythisyear.Aimingtoopenaccesstocollege-levelAdvancedPlacement（大学预科）courses,hisschoolbeganusingacomputer-basedlotterytogiveoutspaces.Alexgotshutoutofallthreeofthecoursesherequested.ThenewsystemcausedangeramongfamilieswhosechildrenfailedtogetintoAPcourses,whichmanyconsiderimportanttodevelopadvancedskills,improvegrade-pointaveragesandallowstudentstoearncollegecredit,savingthemandtheirfamiliestuitiondollars.Studentsandparentswrotetoadministratorstocomplain,circulatedapetition（请愿）andlaunchedaFacebookgroupfortradingclasses.“I’MDESPERATE!I’LLGIVEYOUFREEFOOD,”onestudent,KirkHum,postedonthe210-memberAPFleaMarketFacebookgroup.APclasseshavelongbeenhelddearbythemosttalentedandambitiousstudents.Butnowtheyareseenaspositiveforallstudentswhoarewillingtopushthemselves-andschoolsareincreasinglyviewingaccesstothemasabasiceducationalright.Butthischangehasbroughtchallenges.MiracleVitangcol,ajunioratDowntownMagnetsHighSchoolwithaveragegradesandtestscores,isfailingherAPUShistoryclass.Shesaidshecan’thandletherapidpaceandvolumeofmaterialsheneedstoremember.Butshesaidsheintendstostickitoutbecausetheclassisteachinghertomanagehertime,takegoodnotesandworkhard.“I’mstrugglingtoadjust,”shesaid.“ButIkeeptellingmyself:‘It’sOK.Youcandoit.Justpushyourself’.”Somecriticsworrythattheopen-accessmovementispushingtoomanyunpreparedstudentsintoAPclasses,asshownbyhigherexamfailureratesoverthelastdecade.Theyalsofearthatopenenrollment（录取）policiesareencouragingteacherstoweakencoursesandgiveouthighgradestostudentswhodon’tdeservethem.“Whileexpandingaccessisgenerallyagoodthing,weneedtomakesurewe’renotwateringdowntheexperienceforthehighachievers,”saidMichaelPetrilli,executivevicepresidentoftheThomasB.FordhamInstitute,aWashington-basededucationalpolicyorganization.ThepurposeofthenewAPcoursessystematAlexWong’sschoolisto .makesureallstudentsgetaccesstotheAPcoursestheydesire.ensurethatstudentshaveafairchancetogetaccesstoAPcourses.improvetheacademicperformanceofstudentsinAPcourses.separatehighachieversfromaveragestudentsthroughthenewcourses.Accordingtothearticle,theAPFleaMarketFacebookgroupisaplacewhere .students’parentssendtheircomplaintstoschooladministrators.studentssharetipsaboutsavingmoneyforcollege.studentsofferitemstotradefortheAPcoursestheyneed.studentscanfindsupportandguidanceontheirAPstudy.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMichaelPetrilliagreewith?OpeningAPcoursestoallstudentsisabadidea.SchooladministratorsshouldmaintainhighacademicstandardsforAPcourses.HighschoolsshouldstopchargingstudentsfortakingAPcourses.AccesstoAPcoursesisnecessaryforstudentsapplyingfortopAmericancolleges.TheauthorusedMiracleVitangcol’sexampletoshowthat .studentsneedtoremembertoomuchintheirAPcourses.B.APcoursesposeabigchallengetounpreparedstudents.thesecrettosuccessinAPcoursesistokeeppushingyourself.averagestudentsdon’tdeservetheirplacesinAPcourses.DTheoutbreakofthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia(NCP)hasdisruptedthelivesandworkofnearlyeveryChineseperson.However,anewtrendhasbeenontherise:manyhaveturnedthemselvesintolivestreamingusersorfollowers.AccordingtoQuestmobile,aprofessionalbigdataintelligenceservicesproviderinChina,theaudienceforDouyin,Kuaishouandotherlivestreamingplatformssurgedto574millionduringtheSpringFestivalholiday,up35percentfrom2019.Confinedathome,awayfromtheirfriendsandlovedones,peopleturntolivestreamingtoreachouttotheworld.Forthemlivestreamingcanhelpthemsharetheirlivesandinterestwithaglobalaudience,whichwillgivethemthesenseofbeing“inthemoment”.Evenasviewers,theycanalsoengageimmediatelywithlivestreamersbycommentingandmakingsuggestions.“WhenIcommentonthelivestreamingvideos,I’mnotsimplyanaudiencemember,butalsoanactivepartoftheprogram.Thatgivesmeasenseofengagement,”anInternetusernamedWangHaotoldPeople’sDaily.Livestreamingisnotonlyforfun,butalsoanewtoolformanybusinesses.Affectedbythepandemic,manybusinesseshadtostoptheirsalesinphysicalstores.Tomeettheirbusinessgoalsandsurviveduringthesetryingtimes,manychosetolivestreamtorevivetheirbusinesses.Joyoung,aleadingmakerofsmallkitchenappliances,isagoodexample.Thecompanynotonlyaddedanumberofbroadcastseachdaytoadvertisetheirproducts,butalsosharedthemenusthatwerebeneficialtohealth.“Theresponsestoourlivestreamingshowshavebeenwellbeyondexpectations,”KangLi,whooverseesthecompany’slivestreamingunit,toldChinadaily.“It’sanaturalopportunitytotrulybondwithourfollowers.”Likeitornot,livestreamingislikelytogomainstreaminChinaforbothentertainmentandbusiness.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthesecondparagraph?TointroducesomepopularlivestreamingplatformsinChina.Toreportdataonthedevelopmentoflivestreamingin2019.ToshowthatChinesepeoplespendtoomuchtimeonlivestreamingapps.ToprovethatlivestreamingarebecomingincreasinglypopularinChina.WhatdoesWangHaothinkofcommentingonlivestreaming?Itisboringtomakecomments.Itistheonlywaytoshareviewers’lives.Itmakespeoplefeelinvolvedinthestream.Ithelpslivestreamersimprovethemselves.Whatdoparagraphs5&6mainlytalkabout?Livestreamingreplacedphysicalstoresinmanyareas.Manybusinessesturnedtolivestreamingplatformformarketing.Livestreamingplatformsfacedchallengesduringthepandemic.Livestreamingplatformsmadechangestotheirservices.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefutureoflivestreaming？Positive. B.Uncertain.C.Disappointed. D.Confused.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项MostpeoplethinkChinesemartialarts（武术）areallaboutkicking,punchingandfighting.___16___Itisslow,calmandpeaceful.Taichidatesbacktothemid17thcenturyinWenxiancountyinHenanprovince.UNESCOrecentlyaddedittoitsintangibleCulturalHeritageList.Althoughtaichiisanancientmartialart,itisstillquitepopulartoday. 17 Peopledotaichiasawaytostayfit.Unlikeotherexercises,itis“soft”－themusclesarenottensed,thejointsarenotfullybent,andyoudon’tneedtostretch（伸展）yourbodytoomuch.___18___Youcanpracticeitalmostanytimeandanywherewithoutequipment.Itisbelievedthatpracticingtaichicanhelpushavebettercontrolofourbodiessothatwecanstand,walkandrunbetter.___19___Youcancontrolthembetter.Slowmovementsalsoallowyoutotakedeep,longbreaths.Thisisgoodforyourbodies.Buttaichi’sbenefitsgobeyondthephysical. 20 Taichihastaughtthemthevalueoflivingmoreslowly.JustasaPeruvianwomanwhohaspracticedtaichiformorethan10yearssays“Practicingtaichiislikespeakingwithmysoul.”A.Thismeansmanycandoit.Buttaichiistheotherwayaround.It’sapracticalwayforonetofurtherbalance.Youneedtokeepahealthybalanceinallthings.Ithasover100millionfansinmorethan150countries.Forsomepeople,it’snotonlyasport,butalsoawayoflife.Duringslowmovements,youcanconcentrateonyourhandsandfeet.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Mymomonlyhadoneeye.Ihatedher.Shewassucha（n） 21 .She 22 asmallshopatafleamarketandcollectedoldclothesandotherthingstosellforthemoneyweneeded.Onceduringelementaryschool,mymomcame.Iwassoembarrassedand 23 howshecoulddothistome.I 24 herahatefullookandranout.ItoldmyselfthatIwouldbecome25 inthefuture,soIstudiedveryhard.LaterIwas 26intotheSeoulUniversity.IleftmymotherandcametoSeoultostudy.Iboughtahouseofmyown.Iwasliving 27 asasuccessfulman.Then,Igotmarried.Ihadkidsofmyown.Iwashappywithmylife,mykidsandthe 28 .Thenoneday,mymothercametovisitme.Shehadn'tseenmeinyearsandshedidn't 29 meethergrandchildren.Whenshestoodbythedoor,mychildrenlaughedather,andIyelledatherforcomingover 30 .Iscreamedather,“Howdareyoucometomyhouseandscaremychildren!GETOUTOFHERE!NOW”Andtothis,mymotherquietlyanswered,“Oh,I'msosorry.Imayhavegottenthewrong 31 .”andshedisappearedoutofsight.Oneday,aletter 32 aschoolreunioncametomyhouse.Iwentbacktoparticipateinthe 33 Afterthat,Iwentdowntotheold 34 housewhereweusedtolive,justoutofcuriosity.ThereIfoundmymom 35 onthecoldground,withapieceofpaperinherhand.Itwasalettertome.Myson,Ithinkmylifehasbeen 36 enoughnow,andIwon'tvisitSeoulanymore.ButImissyousomuch.Yousee,whenyouwereverylittle,yougotintoan 37 andlostyoureye.Asamom,Icouldn't 38 watchingyouhavingtogrowupwithonlyoneeye.SoIgaveyoumine.Iwassoproudofmysontoseeawholenewworldformewiththateye.Iwasnever 39 atyouforanythingyoudid.Don't 40____formebecauseofmydeath.Iloveyousomuch.21.A.surpriseB.shockC.embarrassmentD.pity22.A.soldB.boughtC.entered D.ran23.A.wonderedB.imaginedC.thoughtD.doubted24.A.gotB.tookC.left D.threw25.A.mercifulB.wonderfulC.successfulD.ambitious26.A.allowedB.admittedC.welcomedD.permitted27.A.sadlyB.excitedlyC.happily D.gratefully28.A.conveniencesB.comfortsC.wondersD.misfortunes29.A.evenB.stillC.ever D.rather30.A.unnoticedB.untouchedC.unexplainedD.uninvited31.A.addressB.nameC.letterD.house32.A.regardingB.includingC.supposingD.considering33.A.partyB.celebrationC.activityD.reunion34.A.furnishedB.equippedC.shabbyD.splendid35.A.layingB.lyingC.sittingD.standing36.A.shortB.hardC.easyD.long37.A.accidentB.affairC.eventD.matter38.A.ignoreB.standC.enjoyD.help39.A.excitedB.amazedC.upsetD.fulfilled40.A.cryB.blameC.scoldD.honor第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Eventhedirtonthegroundislikelytomakeclimatechangeworse.Researchershaveshownthatwarmertemperaturesareheatingthesoil,causingmicrobes 41. (become)moreactiveandreleasemoreofthesoil'scarbonintotheatmosphere,contributingtoevenhighertemperatures.Scientistsfoundasharpincreaseincarbonreleasedintotheatmospherebybacteriaandfungiinsoilfrom1990through2014.Researchersexplainthatthecarboncomesfrom 42. themicrobeseat,suchasthedeadplantsandleaves.Withtemperatures 43. (rise),themicrobeseatmore.Andthemoretheyeat,themorecarbontheymakeintocarbondioxideandreleaseintotheatmosphere.Surprisingly,soilletsoffaboutninetimesmorecarbonthanhuman-causedactivities,whichisin 44. (agree)withwhatweoriginally 45. (think).Butthatispartofanaturalcycle:Theamountofcarbonreleasedintotheairisabout 46. sameasthecarbonoceansandplantstakein.___47.___,carbonwhichisreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputs48.carbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakein.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.And 49. theairandsoilgethotter,theearthwill