上海牛津版9AU3知识点总结

一、单词精讲1.opinion//n.想法，看法，意见词组：inone’sopinion__________________2.responsibility//n.责任拓展：adj.____________________beresponsiblefor……对……负责responsen.__________________________3.death//n.死，死亡拓展：v.____________________dieof_____________________diefrom_______________die(died,died)v.死；凋零deadadj.无生命的，呆板的dyingadj.临终的，垂死的4.respect//v.尊重，慎重对待拓展：respectableadj.__________________________5.faithfully//adv.忠实地，忠诚地拓展：faithn.信仰，信任___________________adj.译：_____________________________________Wearefaithfullistenerstotheprogram.译：_____________________________________6.mess//n.杂乱，粪便e.g.Thehouseisamess.这个房间又脏又乱。拓展：amessof一大堆…；把…弄糟inamess乱糟糟，一团糟e.g.I'vemadesuchamessofmylife.Therearemanyreasonswhytheeconomyisinsuchamess.7.extremely//adv.极其，非常拓展：extremeadj.极端的，偏激的n.极端，极其偏激的事物8.unhappy//adj.不快乐的，悲伤的拓展：反义词：____________________副词：______________________happinessn._________________否定前缀un,加在名词，形容词，副词之前如:unfinished(未完成的);undoubted(无疑的);unhappy(不快乐的)否定前缀in,加在形容词，名词之前如：incorrect(不正确的)，inability(无能,无力)，inaccurate(不准确的)im一加在字母m，b，P之前如：impossible(不可能的)，impolite(不礼貌的)9.surprised//adj.感到惊讶的拓展：besurprisedat因…….感到惊讶同义词：amazed，shockedsurprising令人惊讶的同类的词：________________________________________10.shocked//adj.震惊的11.certain//adj.一定（量）的拓展：becertainof/aboutsth.becertainofdoingsthbecertainthat/if/whetherOurteamiscertainofwinning.I’mcertainthatit’snotyourfault.13.goldfish//n.金鱼合成词：n.+n.=n.举例：________________________________________________14.apologize//v.道歉搭配：apologizefor________________apologizetosb.词转：n.__________________Makeanapologyforsth.因某事而道歉15.review//n.（书刊、电影等的）评论；v.回顾，检查二、Phrases词组．1fromsidetoside从左到右sidebyside肩并肩地；一起2．growup成长；长大3．accordingto据(……所说)…同义句：It’ssaidby4．carefor关爱拓展：takecareof照顾;lookaftercareabout喜欢5．asaresult因此；结果拓展：resultfrom起因于6．stop…from阻止某事发生stoptodosth．stopdoingsth．7.rightnow立即；马上同义词：immediatelyadv.atoncee.gWeshouldstartworkrightnow.Whenheheardthenews,herushedoutoftheroomimmediately.8.What'smore而且e．g．What'smore，mostpeopleinmoderncitiesliveinflats．9.payfor为……付钱e．g．Ihavetopay150dollarsforthesewingmachine．其他表示“花费”的词(1)spend的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb)spendsomemoney／sometimeonsth．(sb)spendsomemoney／sometime(in)doingsth．e.g.Ispentfiftyyuanonthecoat=Ispentfiftyyuan(in)buyingthecoat．(2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是：Ittakes／tooksb．sometimetodosth=Sth．takessb．sometime．e.g.Ittookmethreeyearstodrawthebeautifulhorses．Theworkwilltakemetwodays．(3)pay为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是sb．payssomemoneyforsth或paysb．(somemoneyforsth)e．g.IpaidfiftyyuanforthecoatHowmuchdidyoupayhim?(4)cost的主语必须是某物。sth．cost(sb.)somemoney。e.g．Thedictionarycostme$20．10.notonly…butalso…不但……而且……连接主语时，谓语动词应和邻近的主语保持一致。相似的有：neither…nor…;either…or…例句：Heisnotonlyascientistbutalsoaphotographer.Noonlyhebutalsohisparentslikecollectingstamps.三、课文精讲1.lt'snicetopickthemupandholdtheminoararms，andit'swonderfultoseethemgrowingup．e．g．It’snicetoknowthatsomebodyappreciateswhatIdo．【知识拓展】it作形式主语主要用于下列两种情况1．It+is／was+adj．／n．(形容词或名词)+todosth．e．g．Itisagoodideatothinkthisway．Itisverykindofyoutogivemeahandintime．2．It+v．+todosth．e.g．Ittookusthreeyearstocompletetheproject．2．Youngpeoplecanlearnhowtocareforothersandhowtorespectalllivingthingsbykeepingapetdog.e.g.Pleaseshowushowtodothat．3.Asmallnumberofpetdogsevenbitepeople.anumberof“许多”；asmallnumberof“一小部分”；alargenumberof“许多；大量”例句：AnumberofpeoplehavealreadyvisitedtheExpoSite.【辨析】anumberof与thenumberofAnumberof表示“一批；一些；许多”；是不定数量词，如同alotof,lotsof,several,some一样。因此，“anumberof+复数名词”作主语时，其谓语动词用复数。例句：Therewerealargenumberofpeopleintheroom.Thenumberof表示“……的数（目）”，thenumber是中心词，其谓语动词必须用单数。例：Thenumberofpeopleintheroomislarge.4.Thismaymakethedogsfeelextremelyunhappy.1）make…feel“使……感到”，这种结构是动词后跟不带to的不定式。相同用法的表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词（使役动词）主要有：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________例句：Letmeintroducemyself.2）feel，look，sound，smell，taste等连系动词后面跟形容词。例：Annlooksbeautiful.5.payingfordogfoodandvisitingthevetcanbeexpensive.1)payfor“支付”，常用句型结构为：somebodypaymoneyforsomething例句：_________________________________________2)canbe表示现在或将来的可能性。例句：___________________3)【辨析】canbe,maybe,mightbe,mustbe它们都可以用来表示可能性，但语气强弱有所不同。mustbe语气最强，表示可能性最大；其次是canbe和maybe；mightbe语气最弱，表示可能性最小。巩固练习I.选择合适的单词或短语来代替划线部分。A.Assaidby????????B.wentaway??????C.very???D.departfor?????????E.pleasure????????F.said??????(?)1.Itwasclaimedthatsomedoctorswereworking80hoursaweek.(?)2.Wewereextremelybusybeforetheexamination.(?)3.Itisfullofenjoymenttogoskatingonrealice.(?)4.Accordingtotheweatherreport,itisgoingtorainthisafternoon.(?)5.A:Whenwillyoubeback?B:I’llleaveforhomeinthreedays.II.用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Theplanelanded__________atlastafterflyinginthestormforaboutonehour.(safe)2.Pleasereadthepassage___________andthenfinishtheexercises.(care)3.Somethingiswrongwithmyfoot.Ihavetowalk___________.(slow)4.__________,weweren’tcaughtintheheavyrainlastnight.(luck)5.Look!Thefamousactressisdancingvery_____________attheparty.(beautiful)6.Georgefeltverysadattheofhisfather.(die)7.Thestormlastnightwasquite(fright);wewereallgreatly(fright)byit.8.Studentsshouldspendsometimedoingathomeeverydayafterschool.(review)9.“Doyouhaveany?”askedthesalesmanager.(complain)10.Everyonewastodeathinthebigfire.(shock)11.---Madam,doyoumindmysmokinghere?---not.(certain)12.Tothevisitors’greatsurprise,thepeoplethereshowdisagreementbytheirheads.(nod)13.Youspeaktoo(loud).Wouldyousayitalittlemoresoftly?14.It’ssaidthatperhapsthereusedtobethingsonMars.(life)15.Thechildrenenjoyedatthepartylastnight.(they)四、语法一）、情态动词的被动语态I、定义：含有情态动词的被动语态用来说明某人或某物被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。例：1.Manytreesshouldbeplantedinthemountains.应该在山上种许多树。2.Youcantakethisbookhome.（改为被动语态）→Thisbookcanbetakenhome(byyou).3.Thisproblemcan’tbeworkedoutveryeasily.这道题轻易算不出来。4.Musttheworkbedoneatonce?这项工作必须立即完成吗？II、含情态动词被动语态的构成根据上述例子填写下列空格A.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+_____+及物动词的______。B.含有情态动词的主动语态变为被动语态时，要把主动语态的_____变成被动语态的主语。C.变为否定句时只需要在情态动词后加D.变为一般疑问句时只需把________。________提到句首。III、句式变换含有情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均需借助于情态动词来完成。1.一般疑问句。直接将被动语态的陈述句中的情态动词提到句首。例如：Thisworkmustbedonerightnow.→Mustthisworkbedonerightnow?Hishomeworkshouldbefinishedbeforesix.→Shouldhishomeworkbefinishedbeforesix?由疑问词加上含有情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句构成。2.特殊疑问句。例如：Wherecanthebookbefound?这本书在什么地方能被找到呢？Whenmustmyhomeworkbehandedin?我的作业必须什么时候交？3.反意疑问句。附加问句部分要用“情态动词+主语”。例如：Thisbookshouldn’tbetakenoutofthelibrary,shouldit?这本书不应被带出图书馆，是吗？4.否定句。在情态动词后面加上not即可。例如：Fourteen-year-oldsshouldnotbeallowedtodrive.十四岁的孩子不应该被允许开车。Note【】对于含有情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答，一般应保留原句中的情态动词，但must表“必须”时，其否定回答应用needn’t。例如：—Shouldmyhomeworkbefinishedtoday?我的作业应在今天完成吗？—Yes,itshould./No,itshouldn’t.是的，应在今天完成。/不，不应在今天完成。—Musthisexercisebookbehandedinrightnow?他的练习本必须立即上交吗？—Yes,itmust./No,itneedn’t.是的，必须立即上交。必立即上交。/不，不二）、副词副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。I、副词的位置：1）在动词之前。2）在be动词、助动词之后。3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意：a.大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。Wecouldseeveryclearlyastrangelightaheadofus.b.方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。HespeaksEnglishwell.II、副词的排列顺序：1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。(错)IverylikeEnglish.(对)IlikeEnglishverymuch.副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。Idon'tknowhimwellenough.Thereisenoughfoodforeveryonetoeat.Thereisfoodenoughforeveryonetoeat.III、副词的构成方法：大多数副词都是由“形容词＋后缀-ly”构成的，例如：slowly,heavily,truly,terribly等。形容词变副词规则：①.在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly②.以辅音字母加y为i,再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily③.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉然后再加-y或-ly。y结尾的形容词要变e,如:terrible-terribly;true-truly;gentle-gently注意:friendly;motherly;lovely，weekly，lively等词是形容词而非副词。④.英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词，例如：daily,early,fast,hard,high,long,near,straight,well等。判断下列单词的词性：thehighjump跳高项目（）tojumphigh跳得高（）afastcar行得快的汽车（）todrivefast开快车（）anearlyriser早起的人（）togetupearly起得早（）astraightline直线（）Gostraightahead.一直朝前走。（）⑤.副词还可以由形容词加前缀如:loud(adj.)-aloud(adv.)⑥.部分名词加后缀也可变成副词,如:part---partly。a-得来,例:Itispartlyherfault.有部分是她的错。注:friendly;motherly;lovely等词是形容词而非副词。练习巩固一、选择题1.treesusuallyinApril?A.Have,plantedB.Are,plantedC.Do,plantD.Were,planted2.Whenwegotthere,thebrokenroadrepaired.3.Thewindowsoftheroomonceaweek.A.hasbeencleaned4.In1620,abouthalftheUSAforests.5.Theyoungtreethestick.6.Apresentmebymyfriendonmybirthday.7.Bywasthebook?A.who,wroteB.whom,writeC.whom,writtenD.whom,writing8.Filmsaboutcrimeandviolence（暴力与犯罪）byyoungchildren.9.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeatlong.A.can’tbekept10.Halftheworld’stelephonecallsinEnglish.11.Thatbuildingnow.12.ThetreesinourschooleveryFridayafternoon.13.More“GreatGreenWalls”mustallovertheworld.14.Hisschoolbagbyawomantenminutesago.15.Itthatsheveryclever.A.wassaid,isB.wassaid,wereC.issaid,isD.issaid,isbeing16.Yesterdayavisitorsomethingabouthishometown.17.Ifyouarenotfreetoday,comeanotherday__________.A.too????B.so????C.instead???D.yet18.Hecan'ttellus________,Ithink.A.importantanything???????????B.anythingimportant?C.importantsomething?????????D.somethingimportant.19.Thelightintheofficewasn't________forhimtoread.A.enoughbright????B.brightenough???C.brightly????D.enoughbrightly20.Youmustkeepyoureyes_________whenyoudoeyeexercises.A.close????B.open??????C.closed?????D.opened21.Don'tworry,sir.I'msureIcanrun_________tocatchupwiththem.A.slowlyenough?B.enoughslowly?C.fastenough?D.enoughfast22.Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Thereare________newwordsinit.A.afew?B.alittle?C.few?D.little23.Mingminggotupvery_______,sohecametoschoolhalfanhour______.A.late;lately?B.lately;late?C.lately;lately?D.late;late24.Iam________worriedaboutyparents'healthyconditions.A.sometimes?B.sometime?C.sometimes?D.sometimes25."A______accidenthappenedat7:30a.m."saidthepoliceman_______.A.serious,serious?B.seriously,seriously?C.seriously,serious?D.serious,seriously26.Thecakesmells______.Pleasethrowitaway.A.good?B.badly?C.bad?D.well27.---Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?---Itwasterrible.Itrainedso________thatpeoplecould_______goout.A.hardly…hard???B.hardly…hardly????C.hard…hardly??D.hard…hard28.---Dad,whenwillyoubefree??Youagreedtogototheseasidewithmefourdaysago.---Iamsorry,Jean.ButIthinkIwillhavea______holidaysoon.?A.four-days?????B.four-day???C.fourdays????D.fourday二.用正确的时态和语态填空1.Nearlyeverybodyhere（know）whentheoldmuseum（build）.2.Thebuildingcan（see）fromeverypartofthecity;It（build）manyyearsago.3.YesterdayTom（tell）met