英语三大类基本从句

文档大全文档大全PART1:英语从句三大类型按一般说法，可分为三大类14种从句。一，名词性从句主语从句Whetherit'srightornotremainstobeseen.宾语从句Iwonderwhetherit'srightornot.同位语从句Thisisaquestionwhetherit'srightornot.表语从句Thequestioniswhetherit'srightornot.二，定语从句限定性定语从句SheisthestudentwhocanspeakEnglishwell.非限定性定语从句Sheisthestudent,whocanspeakEnglishwell.三，状语从句时间状语从句Thefactwillcomeoutwhenhecomeshere.地点状语从句Youcangowhereveryoulike.原因状语从句Paymoreattentiontoyourlessonsbecauseyouareastudent.方式状语从句Hewalksasifhewereaking.目的状语从句ShewenttoJapansothatshecouldlearnJapanesewell.结果状语从句ShewenttoJapansothatshelearnedJapanesewell.条件状语从句Iwillunderstanditifhetellsme.让步状语从句Heknowsalotthoughheislittle.PART2:经典名词性从句主语从句(subjectclauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever；关系畐lj词：when,where,how,why,however,whenever,wherever等。Thatyoudon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.你不喜欢她不管我的事。Whathesaidistrue.他说的是真的。Doyourememberhowhearrivedalmostattheendoftheparty?你记得他几乎是在宴会快结束时才到的吗？Thisparty'sreallywhereit'sat,man!啊，这个晚会真棒！Tellushowyoufulfilledtheheavytaskaheadofschedule.告诉我们，你们是怎样提前完成这一艰巨任务的。Wehavereasontobelievthatthefightingonthebordermaydevelopintoafull-blownwar.(喻)我们有理由相信边境上的冲突可能发展成一场全面战争。Hesaidthathewouldcome.他说他要来。Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。表语从句用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、asthough(if)；关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be,look,remain,seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困难是我们资金短缺。ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。宾语从句(objectclauses)用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词(动词不定式、动名词、分词)和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词thatwhether、if,关系代词what,who,whose,which和关系副词when、where、how、why等弓丨导。Hesaidhewantedtogototown.他说他想去城里。Ihopeyou'llbebettersoon.我希望你能很快好起来。I'msogladthatyouwereabletocometothisparty.你能设法抽空出席这个交际会IknownothingaboutitexceptwhatIhavereadinthepapers.除了在报上读到的以外我对这件事一无所MostoftheChinesepeopleusuallygotoworkonthebikeexceptwhenitrainsJ除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。Heaskedmewhethershewascoming.他问我，她来还是不来。同位语从句用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact,idea，news，hope，belief，thought,truth,doubt,suggestion,warning,instruetion，reason，information,question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that,whether夕卜，还有关系代词what,which,who,以及关系畐lj词how,when,where,why等。Itisafactthatsmokingisadangertohealth.吸烟危害健康，这是事实。Ihavenoideawhatyoumean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。Hemadethesuggestionthatwegobytrain.他建议我们坐火车去。Thereisnodoubtthatheisguilty.毫无疑问，他是有罪的。PART3:经典定语从句窗户朝南的那间房间是我的。Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.=Theroomofwhichthewindowfacessouthismine.1.整座城市躺在废墟中，其中百分子75的工厂和大楼消失不见了。Thewholecity,75%ofwhosefactoriesandbuildingsweregone,layinruins.我们公司有2000工人，三分之二是女工。Ourcompanyhas2000workers,ofwhomtwothirds/twothirdsofwhomarewomen.那些被困在废墟里的人已经得救了。Thosewhoweretrappedundertheruinsfinallygotrescued.你们刚才谈论的那场地震好可怕呀！Theearthquakethatyouweretalkingaboutsoundedfrightening/shocking.=Theearthquakeaboutwhichyouweretalkingsoundedfrightening.我的家人都是音乐爱好者，今晚将去看电影。Myfamily,allofwhomaremusiclovers,aregoingtothemovietonight.我们正在看的这幢大楼过去曾经是一家医院。Thebuildingwhichwearelookingatusedtobeahospital.约翰向母亲说起过把他在国外见过的人和城市。Johnoncetalkedtohismomaboutthepeopleandcitiesthathehadvisitedabroad.他是去过伦敦的一位以观光者之一。HeisoneofthetouristswhohavebeentoLondon.他是这些观光者当中唯一去过伦敦的。Heistheonlyoneofthevisitorsthat/whohasbeentoLondon.这就是你们上个礼拜参观过的学校吗？IsthistheschoolthatyouvisitedlastSunday?这所学校就是你们上个礼拜参观过的那所吗？IsthisschooltheonethatyouvisitedlastSunday?他们曾经居住过的是在这个地方里。Itisinthisplacethatheoncelived.这是他们曾经住过的地址。Itistheplacewhereheoncelived.他有两个儿子，每一位都看起来像他。Hehastwosons,eitherofwhomlookslikehim.他有连个儿子，并且每一个都看起来像他。Hehastwosons,andeitherofthemlookslikehim.这是一本封面是蓝色的书。Thisisabookwhosecoverisblue.=Thisisabook,ofwhichthecoverisblue=Thisisabook,thecoverofwhichisblue.他不说令她生气的话。Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.那就是他拒绝在会上发言的理由。Thatwasthereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtospeakatthemeeting.=Thatwasthereasonwhich/thatherefusedtospeakforatthemeeting.那就是前几天麦克给我的理由。Thatwasthereasonthat/whichMacgaveme.正如我们大家都知道的一样，比尔盖茨创建了微软公司。Asisknowntousall,BillGatesfoundedMicrosoftonhisown.比尔盖茨创建了微软公司是我们大家都知道的。ItisknowntousallthatBillGatesfoundedMicrosoftonhisown.=ThatBillGatesfoundedhisownMicrosoftisknowntousall.是他那夹杂着乡村音乐，布鲁斯音乐和福音的风格成就了他的名气。你是同谁一起去看的电影？Itishisvoice,withhiscountry,bluesandGospelstyles,thatmadehimfamous.Whowasitthatyouwenttothemovietogetherwith?=Withwhomwasitthatyouwenttothemovietogether..他不像是那种把工作留下一半的那种人。Heisn'tsuchamanaswouldleavehisworkhalfdone.我要用与你们工厂里用过相同的那种工具。Iprefertousethesametoolsaswereusedinyourfactory.我丢了一本书，书名我一时记不起来了。Ihavelostabookwhosetitleescapesmeatthemoment.=Ilostabook,ofwhichthetitleescapesmeatthemoment.像你在读的那本小说我不欣赏。Idon'tenjoysuchabookasyouarereading.=Idon'tappreciatethesamebookasyouarereading.擦黑板的那一位应该受到表扬Theonewhocleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.。我在初中度过的那三年我永远不会忘记。IwillneverforgetthethreeyearsthatIspentinthejuniormiddleschool那不是我做事情的方法。Thatisn'ttheway(inwhich/that)Idoit.他们能用不同的方法拼写单词，这是你们发现有趣的方法。Theycouldspellwordsindifferentwayswhich/thatyoumightfindinteresting.=Theycouldspellwordsbydifferentmeansthat/whichyoumightfindinteresting.照现在的样子抄写这个表达词语，不要有任何更改。Copythisexpressionasitis;don'tmakeanychange.我们将尝试着帮助家长改善他们与孩子交谈的方式。Wewilltrytohelpparentsimprovetheways(that/inwhich)theytalkwiththeirchildren.只有用这种方法才会停止比尔盖茨的快速成功。Onlyinthisway/bythismeanscanBillGates'quicksuccessbestopped.=Onlyinthisway/BythismeanscantheystopBillGate‘squicksuccess。这位在救援中左脚受伤的士兵，年仅二十岁。、Thesoldierwhoseleftfootgotwoundedduringtherescueisonlytwentyyearsold.他们破坏法律的方式开始的时候是和平的。Atfirstthewaysthat/inwhichtheybrokethelawswerepeaceful.PART4:经典状语从句1.条件状语从句：Let'sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.(除非,若不；相当于if---not)即：Ifyouaretootired,we'llnotgooutforawalk.Youmayborrowmybookaslongasyoukeepitclean.(只要，表示条件的唯一性）3）Takeyourumbrellaincaseitrains.（以防---,以免---）4）Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret』条件是---）5）Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?（女口果，假如）6）Hewon'tbeagainstusinthemeetingprovided/providingthatweaskforhisadviceinadvance.（假如,除非以......为条件）7）Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterviewonceyouhaveconfidence.（一旦---就--）2•时间状语从句：_1）Whenshecamein,Istoppedeating.（当---的时候，表示“瞬时动词"）2）Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.（当---的时候，wasreading是延续性的动词，wasreading和waswatching同时发生）3）1likeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.（然而，表示“对比"）4）Aswewasgoingout,itbegantosnow.（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）5）Wealwayssingaswewalk.（as表示“一边一边”）6）Einsteinalmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.（“在---之前"或“—才”）7）MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived.（“刚好在---之前”或“---就”）8）Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowwhatyoudecide.（在---之后）9）Ididn'tgotobeduntil（till）myfathercameback.（“直到——才”，主句中的动词为非延续性动词）10）Iworkeduntilhecameback.（“直到——才”，主句中的动词为延续性动词）11）WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?（自从---）12）IwillgotheredirectlyIhavefinishedmybreakfast.（一——就---,另夕卜有immediately,instantly）13）ThemomentIheardthenews,Ihastenedtothespot.（一——就---,另夕有theinstant,theminute，ect.）14）AssoonasIreachCanada,Iwillringyouup.（一——就---）15）Hehadnosoonerarrivedhomethanhewasaskedtostartonanotherjourney.（一就---,另夕有hardly/scarcelywhen---）16）Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisbook.（"到---时为止”,从句是一般过去时，主句是过去完成时。）17）Bythetimeyoucomeheretomorrow,Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.（“到…时为止”，从句是一般现在时，主句是将来完成时。）18）EachtimehecametoHarbin,hewouldcallonme.（“每当---的时候”或“每次”，复习eachtime,everytime和whenever）3•有关时间状语从句的重点句型1）Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.（Itwillbe---before---过很久才2）Itwon'tbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.（Itwon'tbe---before---不久就---）2）ItwasnotuntilthemeetingwasoverthathebegantoteachmeEnglish.（“Itwasnotuntil---that——”notuntil的强调句型）3）NotuntilthemeetingwasoverdidhebegintoteachmeEnglish.（notuntil的倒装句型。）4）Itis/hasbeenfivemonthssinceourbosswasinBeijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。（“Itis/hasbeen---sinee"自从---以来多长时间）5）HardlyhadIsatdownwhenhesteppedin.我刚坐下，他就进来了。（“hardly/scarcely——when---"/同“nosooner---than"注意时态的应用。）4.原因状语从句1）Thesweatershrankbecauseitwaswashedbadly.（强调“直接原因"）2）Since[As]we'venomoney,wecan'tbuyit.（由于）3）Sinceyouarefreetoday,youhadbetterhelpmewithmymathematics.（“既然"强调双方共知的原因，复习“now（that）,seeing（that）,considering（that），inthat"）4）Hecouldnothaveseenme,forIwasnotthere.（for引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。）5）Thecountryisno!strongbecauseitislarge.国强不在大。（"not...because"结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句）5结果状语从句1）Thereissorapidanincreaseinpopulationthatafoodshortageiscaused.（太―以至于）2）Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallholdthemingreatrespect.（太---以致于）3）Itwasverycold,sothattheriverfroze.（以致于）4）注意状语从句与too....to..enoughto...,so...asto结构的不同。目的状语从句1）Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.（为了；以便）2）Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat（生怕，以免）heshouldforgetit.3）Bettertakemoreclothesincase（以免）theweatheriscold.4）Sayitlouder（so）thateveryonecanhearyou.（以便）让步状语从句1）Although/Thoughhewaswornout,（still）hekeptonworking.（虽然，纵然,尽管）2）Objectasyoumay,I'llgo.（虽然，纵然，尽管）3）Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.（虽然，纵然，尽管）4）Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.（虽然，纵然，尽管）5）We'llmakeatripevenif/thoughtheweatherisbad.（"即使”）6）You'llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryou'refreeorbusy.（"不论是否”,“不管是……还是……”）7）Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.（=Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.（无论谁，复习nomatter+疑问词引导的状语从句。）8）WhileIlikethecolour,Idon'tliketheshape.（尽管）方式状语从句1）Justaswesweepourrooms,soweshouldsweepbackwardideasfromourminds.2）Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif（asthough）theyneverexisted.3）说明：asif/asthough也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforthefirsttime.（他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。）Heclearedhisthr