针对20159口语大范围预测

--研发中口语第一 2010.10.31ML 2012.4.22ML 口语第二 2010.10.31ML 口语第三 口语第四 2011.1.8ML 2012.4.22ML 口语第五 2011.1.8ML 2010.10.31ML 口语第六 2011.1.8ML 2010.10.31ML Task1:Yourcommunitycenternowoffersclassesontheweekends,whichofthefollowingclassyouwillchoosetotake,givereasontoexinyourchoose.1)Afinancialcoursetohelpyoumanagemoney,2)Carmaintenanceandrepair3)ReviewofLatin-Americanmusic.Describeanoccasioninyourcountrywherepeoplegivegiftstoeachotherandthekindofgiftthat’scommon.Studentsattenddifferentclubsinuniversities,suchasscienceclub,hikingclub,etc.Whichoneareyouinterestedin?版本一：说出互联网对你的一个益处benefit onecaseofyourusingtheinternetandhowitbenefitedyou. Talkabouthowhaschangedpeople’slives.Exinyouranswerindetails.Doyouagreeordisagreethatitisagoodideaforuniversitytoaskastudenttoleaveschoolifhewascaughtcheatinginexams?Exinyourresponseindetails.版本一：Describeamostunforgettablesuccessinyourlife.Exinwhyitwasimportanttoyou.Includereasonsandexamplestosupportyour版本二：Describeonedifficultyyouhaveencounteredandhowyouovercameitsucessfully.Includereasonsanddetailstosupportyour alqualitydoyouadmiremost?creativity，courageorinligence?Exinwhy?Pleaseincludedetailsandexamplesinyour口语一，Describeamemorableexperienceinarestaurantor能不能不看电视一个月为什么DescribeadayyouenjoymostormostspecialforyougiveadviceabouthowtomakefriendsinanewcityTask1.Yourfriendnstogotoyourcountrytostudybuthasconcernaboutexpenditure,whatisyouradviceforyourfriend?ability中选一个，有gourmetcookingnetworkdesign还有一个什么能力我忘记了。因为我平时是餐馆，对cooking比较熟悉，所以我选择cookingskill。Computertechnologyhasinfluencedstudent’sstudylifeinvariousways.Giveexamplestoillustratetheadvantagethatacomputerhelpsinyourstudylife.口语一：Whichofthefollowingactivitieswouldyoudowithfriendsratherthanalone？Takingawalk，watchingamovieortraveling?Whichofthefollowingperiodsinlifedoyouthinkisthehardest,beingakid,ateenageroranadult.Afriendofyouwantstomakeabigpurchasebutdoesnothavemoney,whatwillyousuggesthimtodotogetextraWhichofthefollowingArtclasseswouldyoubemoreinterestedintaking?WoodSculpture,PaintingorPhotography?art，woodsculpture;painting;摄影;口Describea thatyoulookuptoasarolemodel.Exinhowthisinfluencedyourlife.Includedetailsandexamplestosupportyournowadaysmanypeoplemovetocitiesforworkandstudy.whatadvantagesdoesmovingtocitiesbringtopeople?Ifyouruniversitynstoimprovethelifeofstudentsbyoneofthefollowingmethods,whichdoyouprefer?buildanewbuildanewindoorswimmingmakeimprovementsin1有个groupenjoy,ANDWHYWhatisyourfavoriteoutdoorcetodoexerciseinaniceday?Ifyouhaveachancetogotothemoon,wouldyougo?Givereasonsanddetailsinyourresponse.么？Afriendofyouisgoingtohaveajobinterviewandasksforyouradvice.Whatdoyouthinkisnecessaryfortheinterviewtobe从三个职员制工作volunteerwork选一个。工作一能够帮助馆中人用电脑describeaneventorcelebrationyouattendrecently。whypeoplehaveagoodtimetogether？Whichofthefollowingbringsyoumorepleasure?Spendtimewithfriends,studybyyourselforngsports?Exinwhyindetails.2010.10.31MLDescribeanimportantdayinyourDescribethemostimportantdevelopmentofyourcountryinthepast25years.Exinwhythisdevelopmentisimportant.Pleaseincludedetailsandexamplesinyourresponse.口WhataresomeimportanteffectsoftheworldwideavailabilityofInternetonmodernpeople’slife?Usespecificdetailsandexamplestosupportyourresponse.1Whichofthefollowingvolunteerworkwouldyouchooseand1.Workingasahometutor2.Heladults3.Helold给三个方案，问你选择哪个，为啥。1.一个recycleprogram，2.教小孩子种菜，3.教小孩子怎么吃饭更健康。给孩子选一个课外活动，sports，musicYoursuggestionsonhowtosaveournetsincewearefacingseriousenvironmentalproblems.如果别人去你国家，你推荐什么食物给他?andDescribeoneofthedifficultiesinwhichyoureceivedhelpfromfamily,friendsorclassmatesandpleasegivespecificdetailstodescribehowtheirsuggestionhelpedyou.wasimportanttoyou.Includereasonsandexamplestosupportyour版本二：Describeonedifficultyyouhaveencounteredandhowyouovercameitsucessfully.IncludereasonsanddetailstosupportyourAschoolisnningtoorganizeitstudentstovisittheworkce.Whichcedoyou mendthestudentstovisit?1.Asciencelab2.Abusinessoffice3.ATVstudio1Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkit'sthebestwaytogettoknowanewschool,joiningaone-daycampustour,spendingaweekendonthecampusyfieldorauditinglectures?2012.4.22MLIfyourfriendisdropoutofthecollege,doyouthinkisagoodAskillhaveyoualreadylearnedandwanttoimprove.describewhatyouwoulddotoimprovetheskill.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement,itisbettertoliveclosetoparentsthanfarawayfromthem.doyouagreewiththestatement:itiseasierforpeopletodaytoleadahealthylifethanpeople100yearsago.Whentraveling,doyouprefertostayatoneceforalongtimeorspendlesstimebutvisitmoreces?ExinyouranswerindetailFindingacetolivenearcampus.Option1:ahousetosharewithseveralotherstudents;Option2:anapartmentwithoutsharingDoyouagreeordisagreewiththestatementthatemployeesshouldbeprohibitedtolistentomusicatwork.Task2:doyouagreeordisagreethefollowingstatementandgivereasons:Parentsshouldnotallowtheirchildrentoparticipateanyformofsport(football,basketball,icehockey...)inordertoprotecttheirhealthandfromanyformofinjuries.口语二，Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatementthatthemostimportantclasscan'tbelearnedintheclassroom?Doyoulketobetaughtbyteacherswithexperienceornew2woulduliketostudywithteacherswhohavemoreexperiencesorjustbegintoteach.Somepeopleprefertoliveinthepresent,othersprefertobepreparedforthefutureandnahead.Whichdoyouprefer?Exinwhy.口语二：whengoingonvacation，somepeopleprefertogocamintents，othersprefertostayinho .Whichdoyouthinkisbetter?Task2.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Workingingroupswithpeoplehavingresponsibilitiesanddutiesisthemosteffectivewaytogettheworkdone.somethinkrobotsareusefulinthefuture,somethinkrobotswillneverbemoreusefulandsmarterthanhuman,whichdoyouDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Universityeducationismoreimportantthanitwasinthepast. time是和朋友一起还是 Doyouagreeordisagreethateatinghealthyfoodismucheasiernowthan40or50yearsago?口Somepeopleprefertohaveatightschedulewhileothersprefertohave timeintheirschedule.Whichonedoyoupreferandwhy?participateinactivitiesaloneorwithateamoritisimportanttostudythehist0ryfromschoolshouldbanonalljunkfood,suchashamburger,soda,andsugarfromschoolproperty.口2送是送实用性的还是forfun的亲手做的和买的哪个好你愿意一直居住在一个地方还是搬到不同的地方？Somepeopleprefertoliveinonlyoneceformostoftheirlife.Othersprefertomovetodifferentces.Whichdoyoupreferandwhy?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourresponse.Whatwouldyoubuildifyouhavetheandlandtodoso,aparkoralibrary?Givespecificreasonsandexamplesinyourresponse.liveindifferentcitiesorliveinoneSomestudentsprefertostudyforonlyonelongtimeduringaweek.Othersstudentsprefertostudyforseveralshorttimesduringaweek.Whichwaydoyoupreferandwhy?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourchoice.Somestudentsprefertohaveanearlyclassschedulewithclassesinthemorning,othersprefertohavealateclassschedulesotheycangotoclassesintheafternoon.Whichonedoyouprefer?Exinwhy.口Somestudentsprefertogotouniversitiesorcollegesintheirhometown.Othersprefertogotouniversitiesorcollegesinnewcitiesortowns.Whichdoyoupreferandwhy?Includedetailsandexamplesinyour口2Ifyouhavetime,wouldyouchoosetolearntoyanewmusicalinstrumentorlearntoyanewsport?Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Parentsarethemostimportantteachersofachild.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.volunteeractivity，prefer给孩子们做一个，描述自己的，专业Doyouperfercarefullychoosethegiftwhichyourfriendslikeorchoosewhateveryoulike？Suchasmoney送礼时觉得给好有人觉得给钱好，你觉得呢regularDoyouagreeorThemostimportantinfluencesthatyoungadultshavearefromtheirFamilycanhelpyoungadultsalot(大概是这意思)，agreeorSomestudentsprefertoworkontheircoursepaperoneortwodaysbeforeitsduedate.Othersliketoworkonthepaperbitbybiteveryday.Whichdoyoupreferandwhy?2：cardgame和computergame，preferS2DoyoulketobetaughtbyteacherswithexperienceornewWouldyouliketostudywithteacherswhohavemoreexperiencesorjustbegintoteach.somepeoplearguepeoplebornwithnaturalabilitiesaremorelikelytosucceed.Otherpeoplebelievesuccesscanbeachievedthroughhardwork.What'syouropinion?喜欢jobwithdifferenttasks还是thesametaskeverydaySomepeoplebelievethatitisbetterforchildrentogrowupinbigcities.Othersbelievethatitisbetterforchildrentogrowupinsmalltownsorruralareas.Whatisyouropinionandwhy?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourresponse.Doyouagreeordisagreethefollowingstatement:Peopleshouldbe d)toretireaftertheageof65?2010.10.31ML看电视没有充分利用时间，你怎么看待这种说法？WatchingTVisnotagooduseoftime,doyouagreeordisagree?Ifyouweregivenaemptypieceofland,wouldyouratherusingittobuildagardenoraygroundforchildren?对一本书感，你是愿意买书还是去馆或店里借Advertisementshavetoomuchinfluenceonwhatpeople2:你比较喜欢jobwithcommunication你同意 有钱应该花钱给OTHERS.noisyareas但是周围有transportationshopsquiet多的工作；2.有工作经验对以后找工作有帮助。1.这样能帮助大家获得信息，尤其是大一新生。她以前找工作失败就是因为的纸质信息早被抢没了；2.能让大家找到和自己专业相适应的工作朋友想当结果在书店工作而能在工作的经历对将。 opportunitiesoffcampusoncampusnewspapersReason1:StudentswillbemoreawareofjobReason2:WorkexperiencewillbeanadvantagewhenstudentspursuetheircareerThewomanReason1:Studentswillknowwheretolookforjobs,especiallyfreshmen.Shecouldn’tfindajobbecauseallthepostersaboutjobopportunitieshadbeentaken.Reason2:Havingjobsrelatedtotheirmajorwillhelpstudentswhentheylookforjobsaftergraduatingfromcollege.Forexample,oneofherfriendswantstobealawyer,butsheisworkinginabookstore.Ifshecouldworkinalawfirm,thatwouldreallyhelpherinthefuture.campus：觉得没必要整个gym都关闭，可以到寝室换衣服觉得也不convenient因为走去市中心要半个小时，。可以到附近的咖啡厅吃早餐里不同意因为很多学生夏天也会在校上。IntheNewsletterastudentsuggeststheuniversityaddsasmallcoffeeshoptothelobbyoffineartbuilding.ThewomenagreesReasons:1studentshavenocetobuycoffeeorsnacksbetweenclass2.Drawattentiontotheworkoffineartstudents.Reading:ProposalofsellingsnackanddrinksinthecampusReasons:1.Itprovidesstudentswithfoodanddrinkswhentheyarefindingbookstoread.2.Studentsmaygethungryduringclassbreaks.Listening:Disapproval1.Studentsmayspilldrinksonbooksandruinthem.Somebooksareexpensive.2.Thereisalreadyaconveniencestoreincampusclosetothebuildingwhereclassesareheld.Studentsareunlikelytogototheothersideofthecampustobuyfoodfromthebookstore.打印100张。理由1、学生们浪费纸张太多。理由2、经常卡纸。【学生议论：此计划。理由1、不是学生想浪费纸，而是有太多universityfairclub。男生赞同。原因是1、可以容易获取clubinformation，clubclubdisorganized.原因2、男生比较喜欢得到信息directlyfromclubmember.【学生态度】赞同他的观点然后好像说他俩都想参加同一个club之类的一起上；2mixedtype果不给贴，那个建筑就会变的很boring，就是光秃秃的水泥墙，海报使建筑看 TheuniversityprohibitstudentsridingbicyclesoncampusnextTherearesomeminoraccidents.Theuniversitywillreducetheaccidentscausedbyridingbicycles.Studentscantake campusbuses.Soitwillnotaffectstudentsmuch.ListeningThegirldisagreesReasonsTheaccidentstookceatnightbecauseoflowbusesarenotconvenient.BusesareonlyavailableonceanhourandwaitingforbusesisawasteofS3815的学生apply这些课程，但是学校的faculty有限。;男同学的意见：1communicationwithfaculty，降低faculty解决了人力不足的问题。简言之就是morestudents,moremoney,morefacultylistening：男生说了两点不同意的理由：1.容易造成把funding分配给Malestudent:为什么不开心?Female:因为我准备在springsemester写thesispaper，但是我准备找的那作为我academicadvisor的professor春季学期不在学校。我准备写关于Irishhistory的 （specialtyFprofessor现在fallsemesterFU.ShistoryM：那你对这方面的历史有吗F:我对U.Shistory也有，但不是最喜欢的，而且我都已经开始找写Irishhistory的资料了。总结的问题，并且给出你的建议reading:astudentwrotealettertocampusnewspapersuggestingtomakeacampusgardenfor2reasonsA)studentscanrelaxwithflowersandtrees(B)thereisanemptylandbehindthescientistbuildingswhichissuitableforbeingagardenlistening:theguydisagree(A)it'scoldformostoftimehere.Onlybloomingtimeforntsissummerbreak.Duringrestoftimewhencampusisfull,theflowerscan'tgrow,thecampusgardenis(B)theemptylandisgonnabeusedtoexpandthescientistReading:CampusTheuniversityisnningtoofferinternshipforstudentswhomajoredinjournalism.Ittakes20hoursperweekandhelpsthestudentsgainprofessionalexperience.Itcanalsoreceonecourseofjournalism.ThewomanagreeswiththisOntheonehand,asajournalismstudent,havingrealworkexperienceisquiteimportantandit’sgoodfortheresume.Ontheotherhand,itcanreceonecompulsorycourse，whichhelpstosavetimeandshecanchooseothersubjectstolearn.Announcement:TheuniversitydecidestoaddmusicconcertsduringtheReason1:GoodformusicstudenttohavechancestoperformReason2:ProvidefoodduringtheintersectionThewomanReason1:Theuniversityusuallyhasonlyoneconcertattheendoftheyear,sothatmusicstudentsarenotabletoperformmanypiecesofmusic.Addingconcertsduringthelunchtimewouldprovidethemopportunitiestoperformmorepiecesofmusicthattheypracticed.Reason2:Themusicbuildingisfarawayfromotherclassbuildings.Studentshavetosqueezetheirtimetoattendtotheconcert.Soitisgreatthattheuniversityprovidesfoodforthemfortheirconvenience.S3通知上说的是学校要实行bicycleborrowingprogram.有两个rules让program更好。一是学生一天最多借4小时，这样有的学生可以接到车。二是学生要抵押creditcard，在换车的时候再拿走。中男的不同意这两个rules.offcampustodostuff比如hiking，需要借一天的车。二是学生进入某些building需要creditcard.比如library。工程系停止“辅导项目”—theengineeringdepartmentdisthetutorialprogramReading:theengineeringdepartmentdecidedtodiscontinuethetutorialprogram.Usually,first-yearstudentcometothetutorialprogramandsignupforatutor,anupper-classstudenttutorthefirst-yearstudentoncoursematerial.However,upper-classstudentsarebusyintheirstudyandtheengineeringdepartmentisshortofupper-classstudents.Oneofthestaffevensaid:“thetutorialprogramdoesnothelpthefirst-yearstudentsatall”.。Conversation:男女男生工程系停止辅导项目他认为如果upperclassstudents没有时间辅导first-yearstudent,那就让engineeringph.Dstudents辅导first-yearstudent,ph.Dstudentsaresupposedtobethemostknowledgeablestudents,辅导学生合适赞同并说应该强制博士生每学期辅导一个低年级学生（requireph.Dstudentsignupatleastonestudentfortutoringasamandatory）。doesn’tworkveryhelpful,有些first-yearreadingmaterial很难，tutor讲解一下豁然开朗，尤其是beforebigexams，tutor的作用更大。Question:brieflysummarizethedecisionoftheengineeringthenstatethemalestudent’sopinionsaboutthe口语三：Reading:Universityisgoingtocancelitslecture2reasons:1)lowstudents’attendance2)Expensivetopayprofessor’sMalestudentdisagreeswiththeannouncementbecausehehadagoodtimethere.Hethinksitistheadvertisingproblem.Theuniversityonlyputtheinformationonitswebsiteandnottoomanystudentswillsee.Hesuggesttohangoutposterswhichcanbeseeneverywhereoncampus.Intermsofexpensive,hesuggestsuniversitycanputprofessorsinemptydormitoriesinsteadofho Task以查书的电脑；另一个是addfaculties男生表示很支持第一很多学生在馆发邮件做research,要排队才能用上电脑lookupbooks.第二这些faculties都是学生可以增加工作机会。始要采取一些对策增加招生数量。第一个是缩短时间，由6周变成4周，这会让很多同学有时间在summer课结束后回家或者出去玩儿，有放感觉；第二个是减少summerschool的住宿费，尽量减少钱的问题带来的困扰。Conversation：中，男生认可学校的做法，在缩短时间上，他觉得这样可summersummer学校要办一个cleanupincampus的活动，让保持学校整洁的重student1，看到你的同学在捡，你在扔的时候就会thinktwice该这样做,因为小课堂更好讨论和参与,如果增大了他们会没有这些好处.而学校有的学生就会有的收入所以完全可以请的教授proposal建议学校增加internationalchanneltoreceiveinternationalprograms方便学习外语学生和国际学生。同意她在学习西班牙语这样可以strengthen 西语还可以知道hownativespeakeruselatestexpressions方便国际学生知道本国还说她曾经在西看美报纸出通知：新生统一住校，原因有二：一是向学生提供建立学组的机会； 因为住校而建立学组；二，新生住校非但不能缓解停车场的压力，反而会因artentertainmentnewsletter把informationweb不同意1）不方便大家获取信息2）可以适当付稿费增加review给大学新生建议周末去野营，并且学校提供和方案，女的不同意，理由第一年应该在学校校园环境理由23musicbuildingreading：musicbuildinglocker1更加方便，不用carryinstrumentbackandforth。淋雨2dorm文章说的意思是教授亲自批改学生作业，而不是让一些批housingofficeforoff-:同意觉得很好.原因：1)是on-campus的dorm已经了.2)是新生不熟悉本地环境.这个office正好帮助他们.问总结观点天可以开party。一个男生正义地写信的人。理由是：1、在教室吃东西让么的，不能开party。createanewstudyloungeinhumanitybuildingagree，离教室不近不用走很远去馆自习，节约时间；2方便小组讨论。1learnhowtorunbusiness理由2、另外一个就是节省时间，咖啡店排队，别的地方要往返半个小时车程，lobbyforgroupstudy，建议把它改成forindividualstudy，同时建议groupstudy在馆的会议（conferenceroom）women有一次为了赶paper在那里学习，吵得要死不能专心，要求同学安静，但周围conferenceroomforgroupstudy。因为有门，不会吵到别人，同时桌子很大椅子很多；然而lobby的桌椅很小，需要拉到一起拼起来addathree-dayfallbreakjustbeforemidtermineachfallsemester。这样做有两个好处：1、studentscanrelaxthemselvesduringthebreak。2、theycangetsometimeofftoprepareforthetheirprojects1：thissuggestionisespeciallygoodforthefirstyearstudentswhoneedssometimetogetadjustedtotheircollegelife.Boththewaytoliveandthestudypacearedifferentfromthatofahighschool。Students,especiallyfor1styearstudent.可利用这三天假期torelax。理由2：期中midtermexamstheywillalsohavesomanyprojectsorresearchpaperstocompleteusethetimetodoassignmentandresearch来finishtheirprojectsandpapers。Themalestudentgivesanexampleofhishistoryclass。口3是一个学生向学校写信说允许学生在学校停车，原因是不允许学生停车，学校外有busstation和taxistation;第二，原有的空地准备建设新的。interviewskillworkshop，会请外面的职业人士来学校模拟interview，帮学生更好的准备以后找工作。program1，附近的其他学校都没有开设这个program，所以他们会变得competitive；2，除了能教你skill，meetingandchattingwith这些不业的人能够buildupconnections。alumnicareeractivities，女学他们建议了，太多的建议只会更加confusing学生写信限制诗歌课的人员数量，控制在15左右，以让学生能够getfeedbackfromprofessor,TOP15生一般都是对课程sieriousBAXTORDORM12、3、4：1）这样能让新生更好的适应学校，新生和新生一起更Question：Exinthetheiropinionandwhysheholdsthat她一般在馆看书，dorm经常有party。这样就也可以再dorm看了能打印100张。理由1、学生们浪费纸张太多。理由2、经常卡纸【学生议论：此计划。理由1、不是学生想浪费纸，而是有太多的材料要用，而且有时候不知道什么材料会用到，什么不会用到。理由2、Auniversity’snaboutarrangethedormaccordingtosameinterests,hobbiesofpeople.Thewomendisagreewiththeuniversity’sReasonsshePeopledon’tneedsamehabitstomakefriends.她举了自己作为例子，sheandherroommate,theyhavedifferentinterestsandtheyaretakingdifferentclassesbuttheyareverygoodfriendsstill.Thereareseveralreasonsforstudentstochangedorm.It’salwaysbecausetheycan’tgetalongwiththeirroommatesduedifferentinterests.SomepeoplejustwanttochangeWhatisthewoman’sopinionabouttheuniversity’sn?Useexamplesto….学校说要把新生按随机分Dorm，使roommate能更好的成为之类。女学生觉得这个makenosense。Forexample,她是学BIOCHIM的，会出现室友之间不和办到其他宿舍的情况，但这不是因为similarinterest，而是因为theyhavedifferentschedule之类口3:阅读：学校要求大学生都要选一门艺术课（music，theater等，但学生violin；sampleoftheirwork：学生不同意信里的学生的意见，觉得学生有必要强制学门艺术课。理（1）artcourse，比如photographareasprofessor都很忙的，没时间看那么所以学生submit的sample口3：学校通知，学生要等候个星期在新学期开始地时候才能move到新的groupclass，比如Yoga,Karate很有趣且有用，自己一个人锻炼没意思。而且很多学生都可以去做volunteer教课，所以课程完全可以免费。男生提出一个问题，volunteer不专业啊。citygym口3学生写信，学校咖啡厅提供beveragesands很好，但建议增加sandwichesmorelightmusicThewomanagreeswiththeproposal，thesdon'treallyhelpmuchwhenshe'shungry，所以的确要themusicthereistoonoisynow,shehastogobacktoherdormtoreadinsteadofreadingthere2【学生态度：赞成QuestionEx学校给毕业生上就业指导课。学生。。animalcoloration，说是动物会具有一种独特的颜色，这种颜种颜色的动物就会避而远之。教授说了一个例子，skunkTestcostumers,arepeoplewhoarehiredbyemployerstoevaluateperformanceduringwork.Theypretendtobenormal【ExamplesArestaurantmanagerwantedtoobservehowwellthewaitressandwaiterdid.Shewatchedin ,butitwassuccessful,becausepeoplewhowereobservedbehavedbetterthanusual.So,shehiredamanwhopretendedtobeanormalcustomerintherestaurant,andaskemployeesquestions,thenthemangavethemanagerafeedbackaboutemployeesbehavior,forexample,whethersheisfriendlyandpolite.Reading:CompoundNesting(biology)twospecieslivetogether,aredifferentenoughnottocompeteforListening:exampleofAntsinAfrica.Thebiggerantcollectsfood,andthesmalleroneeatstheleftoverscrambles.Forthesmallerone,itdoesn'tneedtosearchforfood.Forthebiggerone,thesmalleronemakesthenestcleanbyeatingtheleftoverfood,whichpreventsConcepttesting.Amarketing usetofindoutifomerlikesanewproductTwobenefits:togaininformation;usefeedbackstoimprovetheproductExample.Abicycle introducedafoldingbike.Marketingppltalktoagroupofconsumers.Informationgathering;consumerslikethefoldingback.Newfeedbackwantstohaveanattached And adaptedtheproductAndthebikesellsconcepttestingS4阅读讲Nomadicphase指动物的迁徙，主要因为一些生活，例如食物advancingcreditingDRORPONTHEGROUND，后来老师教导他们说要爱干净，要保持环properpatternsof：1、一种小鱼：malefishdoattackdancetothefinishenteringitsterritory而且是有redmark的，如果没有redmark就不会2、goose：femalemoveitsheadbackandforth，但是当它的egg被movedaway以后，它仍然这样问题是：讲一讲什么是动物的这种惯性行为（AFS还是FAS），lecture口语四：Reading：Operantconditioning的定义，大意为：OperantconditioningistomodifytheoccurrenceandformofbehaviorbytheuseofconsequencesListening：教授举例予以说明，说一个学生alwaysinterruptstheprofessor’slecture,byaskingquestionswithoutraisinghand.Theprofessorpunishedhimbytakinghisytimeout,soinordertoavoidthepunishment,hechangedhisbehavior.Professorpraisedhimwheneverhedidthingsrightway,by ngthistohelphimbehave好像叫informationcascade,说人们做选择前看别人怎么选择再模仿,profgivesanexamplewhenhewenttoanewcity,choosecetohavedinnerbetweenanitalianrestaurantandaFrench,guidebooksuggestItalian,buthefinditalianisemptywhileFrenchiscrowded,sohechooseFrench,butfoodwasmediocre,afterhegototheFrench,evenmorepeoplechooseFrenchandItalianisstillempty.reading:v注Definition:Environmentimpactassessment,""Thepurposeoftheassessmentistoensurethatdecisionmakersconsidertheenvironmentalimpactswhendecidingwhetherornottoproceedwithaproject.Example:Theprofessorgivesanexampleofaconstruction wasgoingtobuildashopcenteronalargeland.Beforetheconstruction,theydidastudyandfoundthelandwaswetland.Theiroriginalnwastofillsolidsoilintothisland.Buttheenvironmentimpactassessmentsaidthatthewetlandwasveryimportantfortheenvironment.Itcouldpreventfloodingbecauseitcouldholdwater.Sotheydecidednottofillthelandandcancelthisn.Alternatively,theymovedtoanotherpieceofland.higherrateofpayment（高于他们应得的）1.工作的更快更有效率2.会在相同的时间下做的工作没太听出来professor的态度举了一个的校对人员（proofread）的例S4一个概念叫carryingcapacitymothragwort。有一年雨水少，r数量也增加了，下得eggs也多了。第二年恢复过来的m数量和之前的数量差口4:sociology，一个女教授说不同种群的人会用自己创造的语音来进行。shareexperiencemention事情的keyword就能引起共鸣。summarize一下就可以了。2developmentalresponse教授举了pinetrees作为例子。这种树可以长在阴凉地方或者sunnyce。口4:动物利他主义Animalaltruism，动物有时会做altruisticbehaviors，尽管成群生活，山上，他们的天敌predator是山狮mountainlion。群中有引起了mountainlion的注意力，陷入境地willbeattacked，他们的用户推广内容--UsergeneralizedReading:Usergeneralizedcontentisastrategyusedincompanies’advertisingns.Companiesusecustomer’sexperienceandwordsintheadvertisementtoconvincepotentialcustomers.Becausethecustomer’sexperiencearereal,theirwordsaremorebelievabletothepublic.Lecture:Some useusergeneralizedcontentandobtainedfavorableresults.Anathleticshoes invitedthecustomerswhoboughttheirshoestalkingabouttheircustomerexperience—howdoyouliketheshoes,and thosecustomers.The pickedoneofthe inwhichagirlexpressedherlikenessoftheshoes.ThewaslaterairedinthenationalTVstation.Itreceivedverywell.Thegirllookedobviousnotamoviestaroramodel.Shelookedlikeagirlcouldlivenexttoyourdoororsitbesideyouinhighschool.Ergo,herwordsareveryconvincing.Question:usetheexampletheprofessorstatedtoillustratetheconceptofusergeneralizedcontent.biologicalmimicry式获得灵感，把其中的一些值得借鉴的方式应用到人类生活中。里professor谈论的是一种叫lilypad的宽大扁平的植物（睡莲叶，一般漂浮在水面上，根茎在水中，科学家们由此发明了solarlilypads，一种能装置，扁平的能panel漂浮在水中，而发电装置放置在水中，可以大面积吸收太继续爬山，教授的姐姐说这不是他的亲身经历是看电视看的proposalactivitybudgetacademic1）forculturalactivities,extracurricularactivities,forexample,concerts.2)学校其他的academicdepartments已经有给学生参加学术会议要求：summarizeproposal,然后说男生的评价permeablegroup的group愿意接纳外界的加入group一起生活，相互交流一些经验。Lecture，professorfemalechimpanzeechimpanzeeantstickantstick上，然后她再在另一端等着它们。这个group里的其他成员会看着她完成informationdecay(notbeingused)和interference(newinformation).Forexample，youareoutwithyourclassmateandyouwanttodialsomeone'scellphone'snumberwhichyoudon'tknow．Soyouaskyouclassmateandcallyourfriend．Butaftertwohourswhenyourfriendarenotwithyou，sincethenumberhasbeenusedafterthat，youcouldn'trememberandrecallthenumberagainbecauseithasfadeaway．That'sTheprofessoruseshisownexperiencetoillustrateinterference．Hewenttothebookstoreandmadealistofthebookshewanted，butheforgottotakeitwithhimandleftitinhiscar，buthethoughthecouldremindhimselfofthebookslisted．However，whenheranintohisfriendinthebookstoreandtalkedforawhile，allhecouldrememberisthebookedhisfriendmentionedthatwerequiteinteresting．Thenewinformationinterferedwiththeoriginalone．That'sinterference.Teacher-learnedcenterlearner-centered料，更能激励学生。教授用自己女儿Anna学吉他的例子说明此事Reading:AdvocacyListening:Theprofessor'sfriendusedtoworkforanewspaper.Onedaythecitydecidedtodemolishahistoricalbuilding.Whentheprofessor'sfriendfoundoutaboutthis,hewroteaneditorialstartingwithhowdemolishingthebuildingwillmakewaysfornewbuildings,andit'sagreatn.Buthe towriteabouthowhistoricalthebuildingwasandit'sfullofmemoriesforsomanypeopleinthecity.Sopeopledecidedtogivethedemolishingnasecondthought.报dormancy这一概念，阅读材料讲到冬眠的涵义：帮助渡过恶劣环境；降低 材料里professor讲述了一个肺鱼的awareness和tired里教授讲了两个例子,一个是一种公的鱼,他们会有自己的领地,然后其他的公鱼(Whichisremarkedinred),后来即使是看到其他的红色的东西也会MOVINGTHEIRHEADbusinessclass讲la lview（侧面观点）.就是从一个新的观点来看问题.长.然后经理先去找了电梯生产商,发现解决问题成本太高.然后他的员工给他意见说可以在电梯前装个电视,顾客就不觉得无聊了.问题让你用这个例子来说al.心理学：comfortzone--人们在熟悉的环境里面觉得舒服。在新的、不熟悉的环境里就不舒服。教授举了个自己朋友的例子：他以前是专业的，想毕业有机会来写，但是他又觉得不适应，想还是回去当reporter。Reading【】backwardframingListeningProfessor举例说他们提供了coffeesample给一组愿意接受市场的人喝，在他们不知情的状况下加了盐和醋，喝起来味道会怪怪的。喝完coffee后，给他们看了一组，里人们坐在一起喝咖啡，很happy并且还面带微笑。Question：用的例子来解释对这个概念的理解阅读材料NegativeExternality材料关于NegativeExternalitybackwardframingvolunteercoffee，里面放了盐，很难喝，但是测试者不知道，喝完后让他们看，里说这种coffee特别好喝，然后让coffeedeliciousbackwardframing：refersmakeadvisementbyusingpeople’saffiliation用其positiveeffect，通过宣扬