大学英语四级写作指导(词汇篇-基础知识)

大学英语四级写作指导〔词汇篇—根底学问〕一、词语使用的准确性与得体性准确性准确性现语法功能的双重身份。因此，词语选用准确包括语法和词意两个方面。下面三个“留意”能帮助实现用词的准确。留意语法规章英语单词在句子中除了表达意思外，还要符合肯定的语法要求。写作时尤其需要留意词语位置和一些特别语法现象。名词单复数的特别现象。形容词的特别现象和位置关系。副词的位置原则。①程度副词放在被修饰的动词、形容词或副词之前，情态动词、助动词或be之后。假设助动词与be连用时，则放在两者之间。--Continuingdevelopmentofinternationalbusinessisabsolutelydependentoneffectiveandefficientinternationalfinancialmarkets.国际贸易的持续进展完全依靠于有效和高效的国际金融市场。②频率副词通常放在行为动词前，情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。假设助动词与be连用时，则放在两者之间。--ThewayeveryonewatchesTV,listenstomusic,orlooksatphotoswillneverbethesameagain.人们看电视、听音乐和看照片的方式永久不会再像这样了。③方式副词一般放在动词后。--Weshouldlearnhowtoreactgracefullywhensomeonedespisesus.我们应当学习在别人鄙视我们时，如何优雅地回应他们。④在“动词+宾语”构造中，副词一般放于宾语后。假设宾语构造太长时也可以将副词放于动词前。然而，在“动词+介词+宾语”构造中，方式副词既可置于介词前，也可置于宾语后。--Afterlookingcarefullythroughthedictionary (或者：Afterlookingthroughthedictionarycarefully),Iknowtheexactmeaningofthisword.认真查阅了字典之后，我知道了这个词的准确含义。--Thestudentssecretlydecidetodonatemoneytothedisasterarea.同学们隐秘打算捐钱给灾区。留意同义词的用法差异核心愿思：环境circumstance核心愿思：环境circumstance(常用复数)词义辨析①具体影响一个局势、大事或行为的条件、状况〔个人〕①特指居住、工作或做事情的环境，条件等②影响某事物发生的物质环境举例particularcircumstancesbeyondthecontrolofthestudent不受学生掌握的状况domesticcircumstances家庭经济状况condition(常用复数)childrenlivingunderthemostappallingconditions生活在最恶劣环境下的儿童Theplantsgrowbestindampconditions.植物最适合在潮湿的环境下生长。这种environment ①特指自然环境situationmeasuretoprotecttheenvironment保护环境的措施②指个体或事物行为进展的客观环境，Homeenvironmentcanaffectachildsbehavior.强调产生的影响 家庭环境可对孩子的行为造成影响。强调特定时期和特定地点的形势、局面thepresentfinancialsituation目前的财政形势核心愿思：力量词义辨析 举例capabilitycapacity

强调生长、进展或成功的潜能①容纳力量②领悟〔或理解、具体做事的〕力量；与for

beyondthecapabilitiesofcurrenttechnology超出当前技术力量的范围aseatingcapacityof20232023人thecapacityforlearninglanguage学语言的力量核心愿思：产生核心愿思：产生词义辨析 举例produce 强调引起的某种结果或效果 toproducegoodresults产生好的结果contribute “是„„的缘由之一”，强调造成Smokecontributesto100,000deathsayearintheUS.10cause 使坏事发生，尤指引起逆境、危险等不好的结果deathscausedbydangerousdriving死亡危急驾驶造成的留意形近词的拼写及意义差异形近词的误用会严峻影响词语运用的准确性。因此，学习词语时要把握词语的准确拼写形式，对一些常见易错的形近词更要留心。abroad[ad.]国外accent[n.]声调[v.]读重音accident[n.]事故adapt[v.]适应affect[v.]影响altitude[n.]高度angel[n.]天使aspiration[n.]渴望

简洁混淆的单词

aboard[prep./ad.]在船上〔飞机上〕assent[n./v.]同意incident[n.]大事adopt[v.]承受effect[n.]效果[v.]实现latitude[n.]纬度angle[n.]角度[v.]转变角度inspiration[n.]灵感beam[n.]光线、笑容[v.]发光、微笑carve[v.]雕刻cite[v.]引用compliment[n./v.] 赞美commerce[n.]商业confirm[v.]证明contend[v.]争斗、主见contract[n.]合同[v.]缩小、订合同costume[n.]服饰counsel[n.]律师、忠告[v.]劝告crash[n./v.] 冲撞dairy[n.]牛奶场dessert[n.]甜食ensure[v.]保证extend[v.]延长extensive[a.]宽阔的metal[n.]金属drawn(draw的过去式)

bean[n.]大豆curve[n./v.]〔成〕曲线site[n.]位置[v.]座落于complement[n./v.] 补充commence[v.] 开头conform[v.] 遵守content[n.]同意[a.]满足contrast[n./v.] 比照custom[n.]习俗[a.]特制的council[n.]委员会crush[n.]拥挤的人群[v.]压碎diary[n.]日记desert[n.]沙漠[v.]抛弃insure[v.]买保险expand[v.]扩展intensive[a.]猛烈的medal[n.]勋章drown[v.]溺水loose[a.]松的moral[n.]道德[a.]道德的quite[ad.]相当patent[n./a.]专利〔的〕[v.]获得专利pray[v.]祈祷precede[v.]领先principal[a.]最重要的[n.]负责人protect[v.]保护purpose[n.]目的quality[a.]质量好的[n.]质量scare[n./a.]可怕〔的〕stationary[a.]静止的steal[n.]廉价货[v.]偷story[n.]故事sweet[a./n.]甜的〔东西〕through[prep./ad.]通过vocation[n.]职业、才能

lose[v.]丧失mortal[a.]致命的quiet[n./a.]安静〔的〕potent[a.]有力的prey[n.]捕食者[v.]捕食proceed[v.]连续进展principle[n.]原则protest[v.]抗议propose[v.]提议quantity[n.]数量scarce[a.]稀有的stationery[n.]文具steel[n.]钢[v.]使坚强storey[n.]楼层sweat[n.]汗水[v.]出汗thorough[a.]彻底的vacation[n.]假期、度假得体性得体性需要满足“两个恰当语体颜色恰当。褒贬运用恰当。阅读下面一封求职信，试图理解词语运用的得体性。DearSirs,Iamwritingtoyouinthehopethatyoustillhaveavacantplaceinyourdepartment.Ifyouhavenotyethireanyone,Ishouldlikemyapplicationforthejobtobeconsidered.……(AndconcludedwithAstomycharacterandfitnessforthejob,pleaserestassuredthatIamsuresmart.〔hirejobsmartinformalemploy、employment、post、intelligent〕二、词语的多样性和敏捷性多样性多样性假设词汇的使用能够多样化，那么文章将会更加吸引读者，同时也反映了写作者得词汇功底和对语言的驾驭力量。因此，寻常阅读的过程中就应当留意积存同义词、同义短语等同义表达方式。通过同义词增加表达的多样性admitboombuildcauseclaimclearcomplete

v.成认v.兴盛、富强v.建立v.导致v.宣称v.消退v.实现、获得

acknowledge;concede;confessflourish;prosper;thriveestablish;erectleadto;bringabout;resultin;sparkoff;conduceto;generateallege;assert;declareeliminate;remove;takeaway;smoothawayaccomplish;achieve;obtain;attain;acquire;gain;fulfillconsist

v.构成、组成、占

comprise;constitute;compose;takeup;accountfor;makeupcultivatedevelopeaseenlargeexpressfallforeseegrowharmheightenimprovelimitmeetperformprotectregardrejectthinkarouseunderstanduseadvantagedisadvantagedutyfamejobopinionreasonrelationshiprivalaboutdramaticallyhugelymarkedlythusplentifulbigdifficulthardworkingimportantnecessaryclearpoorpopular

v.培育 foster;nurturev.进展 advance;progressv.减轻 relieve;decrease;reduce;lessen;releasev.扩大 enrich;increase;broaden;expand;widenv.表达 convey;voicev.下降 decline;decrease;drop;godown;reducev.预见 forecast;foretell;predict;anticipatev.增长、提高 rise;raise;increase;goup;climb;ascend;boostv.损害 hurt;damage;impair;underminev.增加 enhance;reinforce;strengthen;enforcev.加强、提高 enhance;promote;strengthenv.限制、约束 ban;restrict;restrain;constrict;constrainv.满足 satisfy;accommodate;fulfillv.开展、进展 conduct;undertakev.保护 conserve;preserve;shield;shelter;safeguardv.看作 consider;view;conceive;perceivev.反对 disapprove;disagree;object;opposev.认为 hold;believe;maintainv.引起 trigger;stimulate;spark;provoke;generate;inspirev.理解 appreciate;comprehend;apprehendv.利用 employ;utilize;exploit;harnessn.优点、好处 merit;superiority;virtue;strengthn.缺点、不利条件 defect;fault;drawback;downside;weaknessn.责任 obligation;responsibility;liabilityn.名声、声望 prestige;reputationn.职业 career;profession;vocationn.观点、视角 view;standpoint;perspectiven.缘由 factor;causen.关系 connection;association;linkn.对手 competitor;opponentadv.大约、或许 around;approximately;roughlyadv.急剧地 drastically;sharply;steeplyadv.巨大地 enormously;vastly;considerably;substantially;radicallyadv.显著地 remarkably;noticeably;strikinglyadv.因此 therefore;hence;consequently;accordinglyadj.丰富的 abundant;ample;well-suppliedadj.大的 large;massive;enormous;tremendous;considerableadj.困难的 heavy;arduousadj.勤奋的 diligent;industriousadj.重要的 vital;significant;crucialadj.必需的 indispensable;essential;irreplaceableadj.明显的 obvious;apparent;self-evidentadj.impoverished;poverty-stricken/barren;infertileadj.widespread;prevailing;prevalentrichsurpriseusefulweak

adj.富有的adj.吃惊adj.有益的adj.弱的

wealthy;well-off;affluentastound;astonish;startlehelpful;beneficial;rewardingfragile;vulnerable通过同义短语增加表达的多样性英语作文的一个亮点就是短语的使用，同义的短语之间可以相互替代，短语也可以替换某个词语，使句子富于变化。很多、大量 awiderangeof;avarietyof;ahostof;thevastmajorityof;aconsiderableproportionof;anenormousnumberof除„之外〔不包括〕exceptfor;withtheexceptionof;otherthan;nothingbut除„之外〔内〕相当于、实际上是越来越由于、由于来自于、产生于必定无论、不管只要

besides;beyond;inadditionto;apartfromamountto;beequivalenttomoreandmore;beincreasingly/growing/progressively…;beontherisedueto;owingto;thanksto;asaresultof;byvirtueof;onthegroundsofarisefrom;comefrom;evolvefrom;springfrom;resultfrom;bederivedfrom;stemfrom;growoutofbecertainto;bedoomedtosth.;beboundtodosth.regardlessof;withoutregardto;irrespectiveofas(so)longas;provided与其说„„不如说；more…than;notsomuch…as;less…than;ratherthan;asopposedto;insteadof;inplace是„„而不是更不用说更糟糕的是与„„相比关于、对于以„„方法变成产生影响参与强调、重视吸引发生、消灭赐予、供给致力于增加渴望沉溺于全神贯注目的是

ofmuchless;letalone;nottomention;nottospeakoftomake…worse;worsestillcomparedwith;asagainst;incomparisontowithregardto;withrespectto;withreferenceto;asregards;inthecaseof;whenitcomesto;asfaras…beconcerned;asto;intermsofina…fashion;ina…manner;ina…waychange…into;turn…into;translate…into;convert…intohaveaneffecton;haveagreatimpacton;haveaninfluenceon;exert…influenceon;wieldagreatinfluenceoverjoinin;takepartin;participatein;engagein;getinvolvedinplacegreatemphasison;putmuchstresson;underlinetheimportanceof;attachmuchsignificanceto;givesufficientweighttoattractone’sattentiontosth.;bringsth.toone’snotice;absorbone’sattention;sth.appealtoeabout;setin;springupprovidesb.withsth.;furnishsb.withsth.;presentsb.withsth.;supplysb.withsth.devoteoneselftosth.;dedicateoneselftosth.;applyoneselftosth.;commitoneselftosth.showanincreaseinsth.;thereisanenormousincrease;experiencethegrowthofaspiretosth.;longforsth.;behungerforsth.;bethirstyforsth.;haveanappetiteforsth.beaddictedtosth.;becaughtupinsth.belostinsth.;beabsorbedinsth;putone’smindtosth.;deeplyimmerseoneselfinsth.forthepurposeofdoing;aimatsth.;beintendedto;bemeantto;bedesignedto;be尽力、努力取得进步就某人来看起作用缺少布满生疏到扎根于、牢记斗争付出代价同样适用于缓解压力格外情愿左右犯难处于逆境中面临、面对情愿不情愿应当得到进入举例来说

orientedtotryone’sbesttodosth.;doeverythingonecan;sparenopainstodosth.;takegreatpainstodo;makeeveryefforttodosth.;makedeterminedattemptstodosth.makeagreatadvanceinsth.;makehugeprogressin;makeenormousstridesin;makesignificantgainsin;makeabigstepininone’sview;inone’sopinion;inone’seyes;inone’smind;itseemstoonethat;onthepartofsb.;fromthestandpointof;fromtheperspectiveof;fromtheviewpointofplayarolein;takeagreatrolein;playanessentialroleinbeshortof;belackingin;bedevoidof;therebeashortageofbefilledwith;befullof;becrowdedwith;befloodedwith;bethrongedwithbeawareof;beconsciousof;becognizantof;cometoarealizationofbefirmlyrootedin;beimplantedin;takerootin;beembeddedin;bearinmindfightfor;struggleagainst;strivefor;battleforpayaheavypricefor;atthecostof;attheexpenseofthesameistrueof;thesameappliesto;soitgoeswithreducethepressure;alleviatethepressurebegladto;bewillingto;wouldliketo,bemosthappytodon”tknowhowtomakethechoice;beinadilemmabeintrouble,beindifficulties;beinunfavorablesituationsbefacedwith;beconfrontedwithbewillingto;beinclinedtobeunwillingto;bereluctanttohaverightto;beworthyof;deserveenterinto;pourinto;floodinto;swarmintoforexample;forinstance;tonameonlyafew;take…asanexample通过句型与词汇的替换增加表达的多样性〔1〕用形容词表达“可能” 〔2〕用副词表达〔3〕用句型表达〔1〕用动词表达不愿定语气 〔2〕用短语表达〔3〕用句型表达〔1〕用动词表达“反对” 〔2〕用短语表达〔3〕用句型表达

多样表达probable;likely;possibleprobably;possibly;perhaps;maybe…maywelldo…;Thereisapossibilitythat…;belikelytoseem;appear;wonderorso;moreorlessIt’shardtos