理工讲义讲解第四十篇

Inanewstudyaboutthewaykidslearnmathinelementaryschool,thepsychologistsattheUniversityofChicago1SianBeilockandSusanLevinefoundasurprisingrelationshipbetweenwhatfemaleteachersthinkandwhatfemalestudentslearn:Ifafemaleteacherfortablewithherownmathskills技能,thenherfemalestudentsaremorelikelytobelievethatboysarebetterthangirlsat"Ifthesegirlskeepgettingmath-anxiousfemaleteachers2inlatergrades,itmaycreateasnowballeffectontheirmathachievement3saidLevine.Inotherwords,girlsmayenduplearningmathanxietyfromtheirteachers4.Thestudysuggeststhatifthesegirlsgrowupbelievingthatboysarebetteratmaththangirlsare,thenthesegirlsmaynotdoaswellastheywouldhaveiftheyweremoreconfident.Justasstudentsfindcertainsubjectstobedifficult,teacherscanfindcertainsubjectstobedifficulttolearn--andteach.Thesubjectofmathcanbeparticularlydifficultforeveryone.Researchersusetheword"anxiety"todescribesuchfeelings:anxietyisuneasinessorworry.Thenewstudyfoundthatwhenateacherhasanxietyaboutmath,thatfeelingcaninfluencehowherfemalestudentsfeelaboutmath.Thestudyinvolved65girls,52boysand17first-andsecond-gradeteachersinelementaryschoolsintheMidwest.Thestudentstookmathachievementtestsatthebeginningandendoftheschoolyear,andtheresearcherscomparedtheTheresearchersalsogavethestudentsteststolwhetherthestudentsbelievedthatamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy.Thentheresearchersturnedtotheteachers:Tofindoutwhichteacherswereanxiousaboutmath,theresearchersaskedtheteachershowtheyfeltattimeswhentheycameacrossmath,suchaswhenreadingasalesreceipt5.Ateacherwhogotnervouslookingatthenumbersonasalesreceipt,forexample,wasprobablyanxiousaboutmath.Boys,onaverage,wereunaffectedbyateacher'sanxiety.Onaverage,girlswithmath-anxiousteachersscoredlowerontheend-of-the-yearmathteststhanothergirlsinthestudydid.Plus,onthetestshowingwhethersomeonethoughtamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy,20girlsshowedfeelingthatboyswouldbebetteratmath--andallofthesegirlshadbeentaughtbyfemaleteacherswhohadmathanxiety."Thisisaninterestingstudy,buttheresultsneedtobeinterpretedaspreliminaryandinneedofreplicationwithalargersample6,"saidDavidGeary,apsychologistattheUniversityofMissouri7inColumbia.snowballsnəubɔ:l/雪球；滚雪球式增长的事replication/repli'keiʃən/nsuperstar/'sju:pəsta:n．超级UniversityofChicago：芝加哥大学。位于伊利诺伊州芝加哥市，是世界一流的私立1891年。keepgettingmath-anxiousfemaleteachers：一直由对数学有焦虑感的女教师教授数学。此处getting是havingmath-anxious指的是上文中提到的对数学没有自信的心理状态。anxiety的解释。snowballeffectontheirmathachievement：在数学成就上的雪球效应。其含义是：在数学enduplearningmathanxietyfromtheirteachers：最后从老师那里获得的是对数学的焦虑。Endup ngsomething：最终会做某事salesreceiptinneedofreplicationwithalargersample：需要用更大的样本进行重复验证在量化中的意思是“重复（实验）”theUniversityofMissouri：密苏里大学。位于密苏里州，是一所公立研究型大学，1839年。WhatistheresultoftheresearchattheUniversityofChicago,accordingtothefirstGirlscomfortablewiththeirownmathskillsarebetterthanboysat fortablewiththeirownmathskillsarenotasgoodasboysatFemaleteachers'mathskillshaveinfluenceovergirlstudents'mathFemaleteachers'confidenceintheirmathskillsisrelatedtogirl'smathWhatisimpliedinthethirdMathteachers,likemathlearners,donotlikethesubjectduetoitsAdifficultsubjectlikemathmayaffectteachers'confidenceinteachingtheTeachersaremoreanxiousteachingmaththantheirstudentslearningMathissodifficultthatnoteachersliketoteachAccordingtotheexperiment,thoseteacherswereprobablyanxiousaboutmathwhentheynervousmemorizingthenumbersofasaleshelplesssavingthenumbersofasalesuneasyreadingthenumbersofasaleshopelessfillinginthenumbersofasalesThesixthparagraphlsusthattheresearchproveastronglinkbetweenfemaleteachers'mathanxietyandtheirfemalestudents'mathshowthatmalestudentsarelesslikelytobeaffectedbytheirmathanxietythanprovidestrongevidencethatmathsuperstarsaremorelikelytobemalesthan discoverastronglinkbetweenteachers'mathanxietyandtheirstudents'math选项中的同时也是文章中心词，以中心词的多寡可先排除C、D，发现A和段中心DavidGearythinksthestudyisinterestingbutitisbasedonunreliableresearchtheresearchresultsneedtoberetestedbasedonalargertheresearchresultsneedtobereinterpretedtobethestudyiswellbasedandproducessignificant1.D该段告诉我们女教师的想法（whatfemaleteachersthink）和女学生的学习（whatfemalestudentslearn）女学生很可能相信男孩子会在数学方面超过子2.B第三段的大意是，数学对任何人来说都可能有难度（Thesubjectofmathcanbeparticularlydifficultforeveryone)，如同学生，教师也会觉得数学难学和难教，这就是研究3.C第五段第三句“Tofindoutwhichteacherswereanxiousaboutmaththeresearchersaskedtheteachershowtheyfeltattimeswhentheycameacrossmath,suchaswhenreadingasales存数字”；fillinginthenumbers意为“陆续编入数字”asalesreport；它4.A短文的第六段是对前一段所述数据结果的讨论，即，男学生较少受对数学有焦虑感的教师影响，而那些数学成绩较低的都有对数学有焦虑感的教师（girlswithmath-anxiousteachersscoredlowerontheend-of-the-yearmathtests)，而且，所有认为男生数学肯定比强的，其数学教师都是有数学焦虑感的女教师（allofthesegirlshadbeentaughtbyfemaleteacherswhohadmathanxiety.)。D所以不是正确的选择，因为只提到teachersstu