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INTERNATIONALFINANCIALMANAGEMENTEUN/RESNICKSecondEdition4ChapterFourTheMarketforForeignExchangeChapterObjectives:Thischapterservestointroducethestudenttotheinstitutionalframeworkwithinwhichexchangeratesaredetermined.Thischapterlaysthefoundationformuchofthediscussionthroughouttheremainderofthetext,thusitdeservesyourcarefulattention.ChapterOutlineFunctionandStructureoftheFOREXMarketTheSpotMarketTheForwardMarket1ChapterOutlineFunctionandStructureoftheFOREXMarketFXMarketParticipantsCorrespondentBankingRelationshipsTheSpotMarketTheForwardMarket2ChapterOutlineFunctionandStructureoftheFOREXMarketTheSpotMarketSpotRateQuotationsTheBid-AskSpreadSpotFXTradingCrossExchangeRateQuotationsTriangularArbitrageSpotForeignExchangeMarketMicrostructureTheForwardMarket3ChapterOutlineFunctionandStructureoftheFOREXMarketTheSpotMarketTheForwardMarketForwardRateQuotationsLongandShortForwardPositionsForwardCross-ExchangeRatesSwapTransactionsForwardPremium4TheFunctionandStructureoftheFOREXMarketFOREXMarketParticipantsCorrespondentBankingRelationships5FOREXMarketParticipantsTheFOREXmarketisatwo-tieredmarket:InterbankMarket(Wholesale)About700banksworldwidestandreadytomakeamarketinForeignexchange.Nonbankdealersaccountforabout20%ofthemarket.ThereareFXbrokerswhomatchbuyandsellordersbutdonotcarryinventoryandFXspecialists.ClientMarket(Retail)Marketparticipantsincludeinternationalbanks,theircustomers,nonbankdealers,FOREXbrokers,andcentralbanks.6CorrespondentBankingRelationshipsLargecommercialbanksmaintaindemanddepositaccountswithoneanotherwhichfacilitatestheefficientfunctioningoftheforexmarket.Internationalcommercialbankscommunicatewithoneanotherwith:SWIFT:TheSocietyforWorldwideInterbankFinancialTelecommunications.CHIPS:ClearingHouseInterbankPaymentsSystemECHOExchangeClearingHouseLimited,thefirstglobalclearinghouseforsettlinginterbankFOREXtransactions.7TheSpotMarketSpotRateQuotationsTheBid-AskSpreadSpotFXtradingCrossRates8Sp歼ot梨R很at晌e很Qu段ot恳at歉io罗nsDi饰re堆ct仗q升uo稠ta御ti范onth辞e甲U.绿S.倦d险ol婶la圈r岩eq伐ui兴va薯le这nte.朽g.“a晕J崭ap裕an首es纸e抵Ye余n链is勇w宋or丸th撞a脆bo厦ut志a夏p虏en县ny姐”In所di塞re秧ct钻Q蛾uo裁ta士ti始onth比e娇pr肠ic博e蠢of畅a兵U巴.S些.馆do志ll查ar淋i眼n工th既e为fo毯re共ig驳n循cu吵rr宾en委cye.源g.“y忍ou慕g壁et没1摊00植y牌en府t棉o壁th孤e泉do桨ll关ar故”.9Sp挪ot丧R移at火e龙Qu阀ot惜at扎io央nsTh斗edi念re法ctqu影ot已e叔fo颤r从Br公it薪is挤h傍po判un航d爽is瓣:£1停=悦$总1.塔68千810Sp嚼ot危R砍at慌e歪Qu庸ot兵at肺io元nsTh珠ein肃di属re猴ctqu慎ot英e众fo表r锣Br杜it芳is煤h角po熟un忽d葵is膛:£.区59改24呜=努$早111Sp盘ot头R镜at朵e挣Qu巩ot北at艘io括nsNo膜te废t膊ha池t弹th伍e盛di基re宪ct斗q解uo宜te僚i惭s所th现e乖re长ci效pr抵oc变al胞o冤f胁th孝e唇in骂di容re裹ct俭q让uo偶te询:12Th伴e饭Bi叠d-犁As索k衔Sp割re额adTh长e箱bi旱d讽pr歼ic垫e殿is寨t张he落p陶ri返ce间a掉d错ea劈燕le港r锹is唯w辱il定li艰ng柄t秃o钢pa时y芝yo请u卖fo棒r据so麻me侨th蓬in退g.Th催e冈as址k挎pr柔ic寨e长is粱t线he居a漆mo乱un笋t平th追e堡de津al解er森w厌an倡ts啄y棍ou董t宁o怪pa棚y扭fo秀r达th亮e炭th系in快g.Th棵e档bi歼d-害as赔k灵sp俭re楚ad缸i尘s色th走e席di铲ff恳er点en煤ce刷b歼et胁we兆en句t粒he简b姓id盒a肿nd反a恼sk庆p夹ri艺ce种s.13Sp把ot具F汗X君tr摇ad斯in久gIn扣t影he卖i凡nt学er肚ba榨nk赞m尚ar南ke乌t,付t涛he膛s弦ta谣nd显ar鹅d徐si伪ze蛙t皮ra祖de胸i都s丝式ab姓ou愿t灯U.激S.敬$径10掏m资il巧li雨on弯.A司ba跪nk和t永ra纵di够ng巴r膜oo喂m若is层a衰n枪oi追sy键,班ac胀ti透ve烧p惑la毁ce渠.Th樱e打st购ak品es各a霜re绸h势ig缠h.Th方e炕“l各on钓g醉te歉rm友”肉is澡a抽bo之ut存1热0苦mi踩nu遮te抬s.14Cr丛os舒s脑Ra嫂te抛sSu碗pp休os宝e艺th晒atS($岁/D哲M)刑=壤.谣50i.趴e.会$1柿=谜2板D欠Man蚊d掘th卵atS(¥哥/D焦M)毛=维5围0i.杀e.环DM卷1惕=盖¥5哈0Wh兔at迈m耽us妄t灰th阔e慨$/慰¥输cr峡os鞭s隐ra诵te象b油e?15Tr狼ia硬ng走ul派ar剖A纽奉rb岔it奶ra贿ge$£¥Cr梯ed贤it老L涨yo嫌nn扭ai巨sS(£鱼/$冒)=留1.航50Cr伟ed能it凶A枯gr穴ic拌ol撑eS(¥润/£疑)=牲85Ba搂rc婶la在ysS(¥法/$聪)=然12枣0Su堤pp样os衔e帜we委o股bs枝er机ve雷t恒he贪se读b设an蛾ks员p据os险ti程ng腊t膏he裂se昆e浅xc辈ha把ng射e巷ra竟te参s.Fi希rs县t遮ca怪lc麦ul欺at你e赴th壶e烟im脉pl着ie傍d盟cr陷os支s建ra四te孤s正to烂s迹ee志i而f奔anar梁bi开tr蛛ag丙eex享is师ts男.16Tr美ia朗ng图ul全ar衡A超rb塞it挨ra听ge$£¥Cr席ed圆it姨L究yo触nn随ai慢sS(£卖/$鄙)=浴1.凶50Cr动ed淘it凳A脆gr撇ic核ol摸eS(¥杯/£企)=鸦85Ba粒rc相la它ysS(¥忠/$是)=维12盏0Th焰eim穷pl践ie象d国S(¥恒/£觉)航cr趋os临s罢ra瓶te河i饮sS(¥铁/£简)妙=作80Cr侮ed收it限A拐gr故ic健ol饭e港ha肢s佛po位st卵ed抗a垦q踢uo侦te秆o遇fS(¥婚/£躺)=庄85记s捆o协th胸er笔e列is挤a誓n建ar融bi傅tr灯ag爆e仅op赵po颈rt大un劝it笔y.So退,墨ho虫w轨ca洽n室we仿m钢ak食e弄mo痰ne剩y?17Tr扫ia饰ng都ul殃ar绳A该rb或it郊ra侍ge$£¥Cr眯ed悦it骆L津yo驴nn岁ai典sS(£泻/$昨)=航1.六50Cr太ed堂it喘A锅gr挖ic纷ol围eS(¥卸/£寻)=臭85Ba珠rc贩la鸽ysS(¥覆/$戏)=置12惧0As侍e接as碍y蒜as筛1围–客2税–施3闻:1.钥S洽el蔬l见ou鉴r份$两fo拳r出£,2.师S远el库l漏ou姨r央£侮fo冈r穗¥,3.迅S撒el展l壳th押os呈e祝¥甩fo持r曾$.18Tr引ia敲ng悉ul摘ar棉A推rb裙it上ra解geSe崇ll灿$拌10达0,团00苗0典fo戒r尚£作at乳S(£格/$驳)没=妨1.风50re莫ce橡iv株e左£1粉50屋,0源00Se顿ll讯o恢ur婶£15工0,来00凉0fo百r牙¥邪at盐S(¥确/£雾)殊=资85re翼ce矩iv辉e约¥1翁2,干75朝0,臭00溜0Se知ll璃¥12伞,7慎50华,0零00fo贫r腰$杜at谨S(¥崭/$秧)阳=俗12前0re便ce钻iv前e盲$1毯06凤,2肢50pr库of伴it陕p便er雾r肥ou振nd砌t域ri夺p征=誉$锄10汗6,攻25肿0-甚$尘10避0,触00觉0龙=意$6浊,2漏5019Sp端ot甲F干or腿ei航gn腊E江xc友ha售ng层e高Mi的cr津os坐tr网uc中tu顺reMa甘rk体et衣M驰ic凑ro补st轧ru绍ct抱ur虹e番re逼fe腾rs纵t胜o腾th肆e案me蜻ch舱an层ic希s驱of乔h备ow叮a伸m圈ar夸ke室tp奸la读ce糕o骄pe辆ra丽te惩s.Bi诸d-菜As糊k毫sp貌re佩ad滤s沙in喷t谎he欺s敲po毅t黄FX算m捉ar呈ke孩t:in专cr取ea俱se胳w矮it奖h响FX腔e盛xc昂ha坐ng朽e颠ra逮te多v俭ol浪at辈il总it赠y碧an捆dde娃cr垦ea草se腊w统it辉h射de聋al锁er御c驼om喝pe吐ti们ti珍on喘.Pr为iv适at抗e苍in妙fo却rm鄙at滚io赖n影is抢a凡n亡im颠po跨rt继an津t妹de暖te酷rm爽in除an湾t况of扮s挺po趋t贿ex按ch层an吐ge垦r坊at阵es偏.20Th嫁e坊Fo剃rw啄ar娘d村Ma乞rk凑etFo亏rw趁ar他d岔Ra拐te豆Q粥uo滴ta盼ti嫁on屯sLo辫ng检a甜nd娱S砍ho蔑rt耐F足or哗wa味rd偿P骡os射it执io窑nsFo钞rw衔ar碎d平Cr余os捏s烘Ex寨ch他an若ge韵R床at爬esSw布ap颂T啊ra播ns在ac隐ti伴on惠sFo眨rw惰ar箩d丸Pr化em冠iu愧m21Th翻e纺Fo悦rw酸ar柜d揉Ma筛rk五etA袋fo宾rw庸ar逼d浆co祝nt停ra愧c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