简析《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧的原因-文学学士毕业论文

摘要《呼啸山庄》是由艾米丽·布朗特所创的世界上最伟大的小说之一。艾米丽在小说中成功的塑造了爱与恨为主题的爱情悲剧故事。自该小说诞生以来，国内外学者对于《呼啸山庄》主题的研究从未停止。本文选取希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳爱情故事原因的角度进行探究，致力通过对男女主人公所处的阶级，受到的教育，各自成长环境的变化，及各自性格原因，来分析男女主人公的爱情悲剧。通过本次研究，能够使读者对希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧有更清晰的理解和认识。关键词：爱；恨；凯瑟琳；西斯克里夫；呼啸山庄ContentsAbstract i摘要 ii1．Introduction. 11.1IntroductionofEmilyBronteandherWutheringHeights1.2Introductionofthetragiclovestory 11.3Thestructureofthispaper 22．LiteratureReview 42.1Reviewontheoverseastudies 42.2Reviewonthedomesticstudies 43．TheExternalReasonsfortheTragedy 63.1Theclassbarrier 63.2Theeducationalreasons 73.2.1ThefamilyeducationforHeathcliffandCatherine 3.2.2EducationconductedbyEuropeanupperclass 4．TheInternalReasonsfortheTragedy 94.1Catherine’sownreasons 94.1.1Catherine’4.1.2Catherine’sdu4.1.3Catherine’sbetrayal4.2Heathcliff’sownreasons 104.2.1Heathcliff’sgrowingenv4.2.2Heathcliff’4.2.3Heathcliff’5．Conclusion 14References 15Acknowledgements 161.IntroductionIntroductionofEmilyBronteandherWutheringEmilyJaneBronte(July30,1818–December19,1848)wasagreatBritishnovelistandpetinthe19thcenturyandoneoftheextraordinarywomenwritersintheliteraryhistoryofEngland,andsheisalsobestrememberedforheronlynovelWutheringEmilywasbornatThorntoninYorkshire.ShewastheyoungersisterofCharlotteBronte,andthefifthofsixchildren.ItwasthediscoveryofEmily'spoetictalentbyherfamilythatledherandhersisters,CharlotteandAnne,topublishjointlyabookofpoemsentitledPoemsbyCurrer,EllisandActionBellin1846.Toevadecontemporaryprejudiceagainstfemalewriters,allthreeusedmalepseudonyms,Emily'sbeing"EllisBell".Shewrotemanypoemsofherownandsomeoftheseduringhershortlife,intheformofpowerfullyrics.Theselyricshavebeenesteemedhighlyaspassionateutterancesoftheauthor’sinnermostfeelingsandthoughts.Shesubsequentlypublishedheronlynovel,WutheringHeights,in1847,apowerful,poeticwork,butwhoseinnovativestructuresomewhatpuzzledcritics.Althoughitreceivedmixedreviewswhenitfirstcameout,thebooksubsequentlybecameanEnglishliteraryclassic.WutheringheightsdepictsthefoundlingboyHeathcliffaftertheadoptionbytheEarnshaw.HelivedwithMr.Earnshaw’ssonHindleyanddaughterCatherine.HindleytreatHeathcliffbadly.HeinsultedandmaltreatedHeathcliffinveerypossiblewayaftherMr.Earnshaw’sdeath.Atthesametime,peculiaremotionoccurredbetweenCatherineandHeathcliff.Becauseofhervanityandignorance,CatherinedecidedtomarryLinton.Heathcliffleftwithanger.Threeyearslater,Heathcliffreturnedtorevenge.HesucceededinannexingallthepropertyofHindley’sandtheLinton’s.However,Catherine’sghostpesteredhimallthetimeandhediedinthedreamwithCatherine.IntroductionofthetragiclovestoryWutheringHeightsshowsusthelifescenesinadeformitysocietythroughatragiclovestory,outlinesallkindsoftheterribleeventscausedbythehumannatureinthedistortedsociety.Thetitleofthenovelcomesfromthe\o"Yorkshire"Yorkshiremanoronthe\o"Moorland"moorsofthestory(asanadjective,WutheringisaYorkshirewordreferringtoturbulentweather).Thenarrativetalecentersontheall-encompassing,passionate,butultimatelydoomedlovebetween\o"CatherineEarnshaw"CatherineEarnshawand\o"Heathcliff(WutheringHeights)"Heathcliff,andhowthisunresolvedpassioneventuallydestroysthemandthepeoplearoundthem.Theplotofstoryisactuallyspreadgraduallythroughfourstages.ThefirststagedescribesthechildhoodlifeofHeathcliffandCatherineEarnshawwhothetwochildrenspendhoursonthemoorstogetherandhateeverymoment;thespecialfeelingbetweenahomeless\o"Romanipeople"gypsyboyandanhonored,upper-classladyintheuniqueenvironment,andtheirrebelagainstthetyrannyofCatherine’sbrotherHindley.ThesecondstagefocusesondescribingCatherineasacommonladywhopursuesthetraditional“humanlove”anddeniesHeathcliff’slove;atlastshemarriedtoLayton,ayoungandrich,educatedgentleman,andbecomesthemistressofThrushcrossGrange.SheadmittedNellythatshelovesLayton,becauseheisyoung,handsome,andrichandlovesher,andthemostimportantoneisthathecanmakeherbecomethemostrespectedwoman.WhileCatherinepattedonherforeheadandchestsaid:“Inmysoulmyheart,IknowIwaswrong.”ShealsolovesHeathcliff,buthereloveforHeathcliffisderivedform“heandIarethesamepieceofmaterial”.Love,fromthepursuitofhappinesstothepursuitofoneself,hasbecomejust“super-humanlove”.Inthethirdstage,thenovel,byusingalotofwords,describeshowHeathcliffwhoisfilledwithhatredanddespairmakesallkindsofactionsonhisrevenge.Thispartisthemainthemeofthewholestory.WiththedeathofCatherine,Edgar,Isabella,Heathcliff’ssonandhimself,Heathcliffachieveshisrevengeonthosewhotreatedhimbadly.Atlast,thenovelonlynarratesthedeathofHeathcliff,butrevealsabrandnewchangeofhismindswhenhefoundthatHaretonandCathyfellinlovewitheachother.Hismindschangesfromlove,hatred,andrevengetotherecoveryofhumannature,whichrevealsalightofhopeinthistragiclovewhichisfullofhorrorcolor.Inthenovel,HeathcliffandCatherinelatergrowclose,andtheirlovebecomesthecentralthemeofthefirstvolume;hisrevengeanditsconsequencesarethemainthemeofthesecondvolume.Therefore,hismindschangefromlove,hatred,revengetotherevivalofhumannature,isnotonlytheessenceofthenovel,butalsothethemethroughoutthewholenovel.Theauthorlayoutsandarrangesthechangedsceneunpredictablyaccordingtothistheme,sometimesfullofdarkclouds,waillikeghostsandhowllikewolvesinthewilderness,andsometimeslikethestormsblowhard,orinadarkcourtyard.Thetragiclovestoryisalwayssurroundedinamysteriousandterribleatmosphere.ThestructureofthispaperWutheringHeightsisthemostunusualnovelinthehistoryofEnglishLiterature.BydescribingCatherineandHeathcliff'slove;itshowsthevariationofdeformitysociety,andthedistortedhumanistic.ThisarticleanalyzesthebookfromthereasonsofthetradgicloveCatherineandHeathcliff.Thefirstchapterisintroduction;itgivesabriefintroductiononEmilyBronteandtheWutheringHeights.Thesecondchapterisliteraturereview,inthispartitintroducesthestudiesofthisnovelontheoverseaanddomestic.Thethirdchapteristheexternalreasonsforthetragedy.2.LiteratureReviewTodayconsideredasaclassicof\o"Englishliterature"Englishliterature,WutheringHeightswasmetwithmixedreviewswhenitfirstappeared,mainlybecauseofmentalandphysicalcrueltyofthenarrative'sstarkdepiction.AlthoughCharlotteBronte's\o"JaneEyre"JaneEyrewasgenerallyconsideredthebestoftheBrontësisters'worksduringmostofthenineteenthcentury,manysubsequentcriticsofWutheringHeightsarguedthatitwasasuperiorachievement.Thenovelhasbeenstudied,analyzed,anddiscussedfromeveryimaginablecriticalperspectiveandfromeveryaspect,yetitremainsunexhausted.Mostofthemarefocusedonthecharacteroftheheroorthecomplicatedlovebetweenthecharacters.Catherine,theheroineoftheWutheringHeights,isatypicaltragicroleinWesternliterature.Caterine’semotionalhasdifferentchangeswithdifferentenvironment.(Chenle,2007).Heathcliff,inWutheringHeights,istherealdramaticcenterofthestory.Heathcliffisacoalescenceofseveralcharactersandelements,oneistheconceptofamanwhosemindofhatredispitilessandruthless,andanotherisofamanwhosedesireforrevengedegeneratesintoavarice(DavyCecil,1934).TherearemanyfactorstodealwithHeathcliff’sdistortion;manyofthepreviousstudiesattempttoexplorethereasonsforHeathcliff’stragedies.Inaboard,theyarerespectivelyDavy.L.Robert’sanalysisbasedonprototypetheory,DavyCecil’sanalysisbasedonbackgroundstheoryand2.1ReviewontheoverseastudiesAccordingtoDavyLRobert(1985)，ThePrototypeofHeathcliffsuggeststhesensationalrevengeandtragiccharacters.HeaddressedinhisThePrototypeofHeathcliffthatEmilyBrontecreatedthename“Heathcliff”totellthereaderstheman’stemperamentinametaphoricalway.DavyLRobertarguesthatthefigureofHeathcliffcreatedbyBrontestandsforevilandrevenge,andhealsothinksthatHeathcliff’sprototypewouldbethedevilfromhell.AccordingtoJamesCJanet’s(2009)OnBronte’sWutheringHeights,therelationshipdeterminesHeathcliffandCatherine’slove.Theirloveisthusformedintherebellionagainstthosesocialforces,familiesandclasses,whichrestricttheideals.Catherine’schoiceoflove,herchoicefondnessofwealth,positionandsocialdistinctioninotherwords,aretheprimaryreasonsforformingHeathcliff’stragiccharacters(JamesC.Janet,2009).AccordingtoDavyCecilthebackgroundsdealalotwithHeathcliff’sdistortion.DavyCecilbelievesthatthechangeofclassstateandlifeexperiencecontributealottoformHeathcliff’sdistortion.2.2ReviewonthedomesticstudiesInChina,manyscholarscombinecharacteristicsandthefateoflifeexperienceofcharactertypesinWutheringHeightswithauthor’spersonalityandcharacteristic,suchasTangZheng(2009)believedthat,toacertainextent,HeathcliffinWutheringHeightsisjusttheauthor’strueportraiture.Inrecentyears,therearemanyscholarswrotemanyarticlestodiscusstheheroHeathcliff.ZhaoYunmei(2009)wrote:Heathcliff’swildandintractablepersonality,hisstronglove,lonelycharacterandtheviolentperverserevengefigure,reflectthecharacteristicsofByroneffect.Aftertheriseinsymbolism,manyscholarsalsodoresearchinthisaspect,suchastheWangZhe(2011)thought,Emilyinher"theoneandonly"novelusedalargenumberofsymbolicdescription,throughimagesshaping,turnsouttheunderstandingtothedeepandmysticalphilosophyoflife.3.TheExternalReasonsfortheTragedy3.1TheclassbarrierreasonsforthetragedyInEngland,the18thCentury,isanageofthebourgeoisie.Theoldaristocraticclasswasfastlosingitspowerpoliticallyandeconomicallytotherisingurbanmiddleclassorbourgeoisiewhoworkedhard,economizedandaccumulatedgreatwealthandbecamethemainstreamofthenation;thesocialandeconomicvalueswerechangingandlandownershipdidnotalwaysthemanmake,itisaworldofpatriarchalvalues.Alongwiththeemergenceofthis"industrialrevolution"cameaclass-conscioussociety.ThenewLondonwouldbenefitthewealthyandthemiddleclassbutexploitandoppresstheworkingandpoorclasses.ThesocialchangestakingplaceinEnglandbetween1801and1847providescontextforanappreciationofWutheringHeights.Asindustrializationspread,agrowingmiddleclasschallengedthepositionoflandedgentry.TheEarnshawsandHeathcliffrepresentthismoment.Heathcliff’srisefromanorphanedurchinHeathcliffwasafatherlesschildwhenhewasbroughtintoCatherine’sfamily.Hehassomewildnessandstrengthinhisbones.Belongingtoalowerclass,hetriestogethisrightsbyopposingtheupperclass.Hemustdowhathewantstodoandfollowshisnaturebutdoesnotcareaboutothers’attitude.Hisactionshowshiscapriciousandresistantcharacter.TheinfluenceofHeathcliffandEdgarleadstoCatherine’scomplexpersonality---strength,brawniness,alittlewildness,dignityandvanity.Atthebeginning,duetoHeathcliff’sinfluence,Catherinekeepsherstrengthandbrawniness.Catherineisveryambivalentinherlove.Duetohumannature,shelovesHeathcliffdeeplywithchildlikepassion,andhersoulcan’tlivewithouthim.Butthesocialculturemadeherbetraytheloveinordertosatisfyheryearningforfameandwealth.ShechoosesLinton;herebyherlovebecomesatragedy.CatherinelearnsdignityandvanitythroughcontactingwithEdgar.Edgarwhoisproudofhissocialstatusisawell-educatedgentleman,sohisactionfollowstraditionalmanners.Besides,heisproudofhissocialstatus.ShewantstomarryEdgartosatisfyhervanity,sosheisnearertothesocialclasstowhichEdgarbelongs.Inbrief,HeathcliffmakesCatherinekeephernature,whileEdgarguidesherintotruemiddleclass.Catherine’sutilitariantreatmentofmarriageisentirelycausedbythesocialenvironment.Theworldwasfullofpatriarchalvalues.Women'sstatuswasunequalinpoliticsandeconomics.Theirvaluescanonlybereflectedintheirmarriage.AstoCatherine,shedoesnotovercomehervanityandweakness.Thelovecannotescapefromthetimes.Theyruinedtheirbestthingsinthisera.Becauseofthis,theirlovemustbeatragiclove.In19thcenturyofEngland,economy,society,andpoliticshadagreatchange.Atthattime,theprosperityofthemiddleandupperclassesandthewrenchedconditionofthepoordifferedgreatly.Peopleoftheunderclasshardlyhadrightinlaw,anddestinedtobeabusedbyupperclasses.Undoubtedly,cruelsocialenvironmentandfierceclassoriginareregardedasrootfortheirtragiclove.Heathcliffisonbehalfofthesepoorones.HebeginshislifeasafoundlingboyadoptedbyMr.Earnshaw.Uncaredforandunloved,helivesinahostileandfrighteningworldinhimself,whichiscausedbytherealsociety.HeathcilffownedalmosttheloveofMr.Earnshaw,butheisbadlytreatedbyyoungHindley,whosebehaviorsevenmakehimdistortedhumanity.Itistheinjuryinflictedonhimduringhischildhoodresultsinthetragedylater.EvenwhencomingbackyearsafterCatherine’smarriagewithgreatpossessions,Heathcliffdoesnotbelongtotheupperclassbecauseofhispoororigin.Thatistosay,forapersonfromthelower,nomatterhowrichoneisnow,heisalwayswhatheis.Thediscriminationfromothersmaketheylosewhatevertheyarelongingfor,includinglove,anddignity.Theonlythingleftistoretaliatetheworldtobalancethepainoftheloss.Morepains,moreretaliations.Itisnaturalfortheappearanceofdistortions.Inaword,suchdistortionscomefromthesocialrealityandHeathcliffisarepresentativeoftheeffectsofcruelty,deprivationandalienationthataretheproductsofcivilization.3.2Educationalreasonsforthetragedy3.2.1ThefamilyeducationforHeathcliffandCatherineHeathcliff'scharacterdetermineshistragedy;howevertheformationofcharacterisinseparablefromthegrowthprocessoffamilyeducation.Heisafoundlingboy;adoptedbyMr.EarnshawHisarrivaldoesnotgettheloveandthewarmthoffamily.Mr.Earnshaw’ssonHindleytreatsHeathcliffbadly.AfterMr.Earnshaw’sdead,Heathcliffistreatedasaservant.Heisdeprivedofdignity,andnoteducated.Atlasthisonlysustenance,CatherinealsoawaymarriesLinton.Hesuffersfromseriousinjuries.Afterthat,hemadetheterroristrevengeforeveryoneincludetheirdescendants.Catherinehasasuperiorfamily;allthefamilypampersher,soshehasalittlecapricious.WhenshewasyoungMrs.Earnshawwasdead,herfatherisalwaysbusyonthebusinessnotimetotrainandeducateher.AfterMr.Earnshaw’sdeath,HeathcliffismisusedbyHindleyCatherinealsobeaffected.Shecannotgeteducation,shebecomeawildchild.Shewrestleswiththeself-willedandrational,deadwithpainful.3.2.2EIntheearly19thCentury,whenUKwasaclassicpatriarchysocietywithastrongsenseofhierarchyandclasscontradiction,dividedhumanintoseverallevels.Theirworkingpeoplenotonlywereexploitedandoppressedbythecorruptlandedaristocracy,butalsoruledbytheemergingbourgeoisnobles.Meanwhilewomenandproletariatswereoppressedtoo,whosepersonalrightshadbeendeprived.Toomucheducationwould"ruin"girls,makingthemunfitformarriageandmotherhood.Consequently,mostmiddleanduppermiddleclassgirlsweretaughtlittlebeyondbasicreadingandwriting,andinsteadweretrainedin"accomplishments,"suchasmusic,drawing,anddancing,tobetterattracteligiblesuitors.Asfarastheywereconcerned,marriagewasthebesthometheyturnedto,onwhichtheirallsuccessorfailuredepended.Adiscussionofwhetherornotamanwasreallyagentlemanwouldconsidersuchquestionsashowmuchlandheowned,howmanytenantsandservantshehad,howhespoke,whetherhekepthorsesandacarriage,andwhetherhismoneycamefromlandor“trade”—gentlemenscornedbankingandcommercialactivities.CharlotteBronteinherprefacetothe1850editionofWutheringHeights,referstoEdgaras"anexampleofconstancyandtendernessandgoesontosuggestthathersisterEmilywasusingEdgartopointoutthatsuchcharacteristicsconstitutetruevirtuesinallhumanbeings,andnotjustinwomen,associetytendedtobelieve.AtthetopofBritishsocietywastheroyalty,followedbythearistocracy,thenbythegentry,andthenbythelowerclasses,whomadeupthevastmajorityofthepopulation.Thesocialstatusofaristocratswasaformalandsettledmatter,becausearistocratshadofficialtitles.Adiscussionofwhetherornotamanwasreallyagentlemanwouldconsidersuchquestionsashowmuchlandheowned,howmanytenantsandservantshehad,howhespoke,whetherhekepthorsesandacarriage,andwhetherhismoneycamefromlandor"trade"—gentlemenscornedbankingandcommercialactivities.Considerationsofclassstatusoftencruciallyinformthecharacters'motivationsinWutheringHeights.Catherine'sdecisiontomarryEdgarsothatshewillbe"thegreatestwomanoftheneighborhood"isonlythemostobviousexample.TheLintonsarerelativelyfirmintheirgentry’sstatusbutnonethelesstakegreatpainstoprovethisstatusthroughtheirbehaviors4.TheInternalReasonsfortheTragicLove4.1Catherine’sownreasons4.1.1Catherine’Catherine’schangeismainlyfromhervaluesduringthedifferentenvironmentbetweenWutheringCatherine’snaturalenvironmentisstabbedas“wildchild”.Inhernarrowworld,Heathcliffisheronlystabbedplaymatesandspirit.HerstayatthegrangehasbroughtaboutchangesforherthataffectthecourseofthelivesHeathcliffandherown,bothpresentandfuture.ShehasawaredofthesocialdifferencebetweenHeathcliffandherself.ShehaslookedandactedasaladyaftershereturnstoWuthering4.1.2Catherine’sdualpersonalitiesCatherine’scharacterisfilledwithcontradictions.Ononehand,sheispureandfree;ontheotherhand,sheisselfishandvanity,whichcauseherintoadilemmasinceEdgarproposedher,andmakeshermindcollapseatlastandshediesinchildbirth.Inthechildhood,Catherinehasthespiritofrevolting,shealwaysreactsagainstherfatherandherbrother.Duringtheprocess,shefallsinlovewithHeathcliff.Andshecanbearallthepunishmentfromherbrother,excepttheseparationfromHeathcliff."WithoutHeathcliff",shesays,"theuniversewouldturntoamightystranger".(EmilyBronte,2005)Asshegrowsup,Catherinehatesthemeaninglessfreedom.SheseemstobecomeanotherpersonafterbackhomefromThorncrossGrange.Catherin’salternativecouldbeeasilyfoundinmanyaspects:thechangesofhermanners,dressandsocialattitudes.HerdressissuitableintheGrangeratherthanintheHeightsandshehasbecomeusedtoalifethatiscenteredontheinsideofhousesandshecandonowork.Shehasaccustomedtosuchastyleofliving:othersworkforher,produceforherandsatisfyherneeds.Sheisattractedbythe“culturallife”intheLintons,andshestartstolongforit.CatherinehasthrownherselfintoadilemmasinceEdgarLintonproposedher.SheiseagerforthehonorablelifeinThorncrossGrange,whereshecanbecomearichandgreatwoman,butshealsolovesHeathcliffwithhersoul,justlikeshesaidtoNelly"MyloveforEdgarislikethefoliageinthewoods:timewillchangeit,I'mwellaware,aswinterchangesthetrees.MyloveforHeathcliffresemblestheeternalrocksbeneath:asourceoflittlevisibledelight,butnecessary.Nelly,IamHeathcliff"(EmilyBronte,2005)ThedualityofCatherine'scharacterrevealedacrisispointwithhermarriagetoEdgar-theoneeventinthenovelaboveallotherswhichdeterminethefuturesofthecentralcharacters.Catherine'smarriagetohimisabetrayalofhernature.Notonlyhasshebrokenwithherkindredspirit,Heathcliff,butshehasphysicallyremovedherselffromthewildnessandfreedomfromtheHeights.Catherine'smarriagetoEdgarandherrejectionofHeathcliffisarejectionofherself.ThischoicemadebyCatherinefavoredwealth,civilizationandsocialpositionoverhernaturalaffinitywiththeuntamed,uncivilizedworldrepresentedbyHeathcliff.Catherine’sdualcharacterscausehertragedy,whichhasarousedthereaders’sympathy.Assheliesdying,shesays，“IwishIweregirlagain,halfsavageandhardy,andfree,andlaughingatinjuries,notmaddeningunderthem!WhyamIsochanged?”(EmilyBronte,2005)sheregretsherchoicebutnowshehastofaceitandgivesupherlifeatlast.4.1.3WhenCatherineisalittlegirl,sheispureandfree,shelovesHeathcliffwithoutmindinghisidentity,andshefallsinlovewithHeathcliffandbearsallthepunishmentfromherbrother.ButwhensheencountersEdgar,sherealizesthatfromhimshecangetmorerespectsandshewouldbethegreatnesswomanoftheneighborhood.SheknowsthatshewouldnevermarryHealthcliff.Inherheart,shestilllovesHeathcliffbutsheistotallyabsorbedinthenewwayoflifeandvaluesasherspiritandnaturebelongtoupper-class.ComparedwithHeathcliff,Lintonisyoung,handsome,richandinlovewithher.ThemostimportantisLintoncanmakeherbecomethemostrespectedwoman.CatherineisafaithfulpartnerofHeathcliff,theydevelopthetrueloveincommonresistance.However,CatherinefinallybetraysHeathcliff.Catherine’sbetrayalofHeathcliffisthedistortionofherpersonalityandself-betrayal.Therelationshipdeterminesthenatureoftheirlove.Theirdemandforloveisconveyedintheprocessoftheirstruggleforindividualfulfillmentandhumanity.CatherineshowsherpassionateloveforHeathliffandinseparabilityofthem.Butthenatureofloveshouldbeexploredwithinacontext,becausethenovelshowsloveisbasedonmutualbullionandmutualaspirations.CatherineeventuallybetraysHeathcliffandbecomesthemistressofThrushcrossGrange.SeductionbytheglamouroftheGrangeisthebeginningofCatherine’schangeanddistortion.BecauseCatherineiskind,shelovesHeathcliffbythemercy.Becauseofhervanity,selfishandarrogant,shehadbetrayedherlovetomarryEdgar.EventuallyCatherinebecomesallthefusesofthetragedy.Catherinehasbeenlivinginthepainofcontradiction,hereffortsherselftobecomeanupper-classlady.ShechoosestomarryLinton,therealgentleman,althoughshestillloveshealthcliff.Afterthemarriage,Catherineisstillnotoutofpain,andcontradictionsuntilherdeath.Becauseherbetrayal,adirectresultofthetragicmisfortuneofherlife,becauseherdeath,Heathcliffmakesallthecrazyrevenge.SoCatherine’sbetrayalisthebeginningofhisownpersonalhell;forHeathcliff，Catherine’sbetrayalistheturningpointofhislife;ForHeathcliff,Catherine’sbetrayalleadshimtocruelpunishmentortreatmenttoanyonewhohasrelationshipwithCatherineoranyonehehates.4.2Heathcliff’sownreasons 4.2.1YoungHeathcliff’schildhoodisfullofbothhalf-happinessandhalf-sadness,anditformatshislifeexperienceandsocialstatusanddistortshisnatureatthesametime.Ahomeless\o"Romanipeople"gypsyboynamed“Heathcliff”wasabandonedbyhisparentsafterhewasborn,andthishasahugeinfluenceonhisunreasonabledisposition.LaterhewasadoptedbyMr.Earnshaw.HeistreatedwellbyMr.Earnshaw,andfromMr.Earnshaw,Heathclifflearnsthekindness.ThechildrenoftheEarnshawfamilyaretheteenagedHindleyandhisyoungersister,Catherine.Hindleyfindshimselfrobbedofhisfather'saffectionsandbecomesbitterly\o"Jealous"jealousofHeathcliff.However,Catherinegrowsmuchattachedtohim.AfterMr.Earnshawdies,HindleybecomesmasterofWutheringHeights,andforcesHeathclifftobecomeaservantinsteadofamemberofthefamilyandextertstyrannyonHeathcliff.DespitetheabuseofHindley,HeathcliffstillendureandtolerateonthesupportofCatherine’sloveuntiltheymeettheLintons.Theseedofhatredhasplantedinhisheartgradually.SohischaracterisformedinthisdiscriminationandbetrayalofCatherine,bothkindnessandcrueltyduringhisteenagetime.4.2.2Heathcliff’HeathcliffisanorphantakentoWutheringHeightsAtfirst,Heathcliffisapureandkindboy.WhenMr.Earnshawdied,Heathcliffwasverysadandmadeaheart-breakingcry.Fromthiswecanseehisnaturalkindnesscharacter.Healsohasastrongloveinhisheart.Itisthelovethatisnaturalandpure.HelovesCatherinesomuchandfaithfullyandlong-lasting.OnlywhenhelearnedthatCatherinewasengagedwithEdgarLinton,heleftWutheringHeightswithangry,beforethishappened,heneverthoughtthathewouldleavehereforanyreason,evenwhenHindleytreatedhisbadly.That’sbecauseofhisloveforCatherinethatgavehimthehope.Afterthreeyears,whenhereturnedtoWutheringHeights,hestilllovesCatherine.OnlyhavingCatherine’slove,hecanownthehappiness.Heathcliff’sdeathforloveexpresseshiseverlastingloveforCatherine,andtheresurgenceofhishumannature.Duetotheunfairlife,miseryexperienceandthebetrayalloveofCatherine,hebecomescruel,selfishandfierce.HedeprivedWutheringHeightsandThrushcrossGrangestepbystep.Healsohurtstheyounggeneration,makingCathymarrytohissickson.Forrevenge,Heathcliff‘sheartisdistorted,ofcourse,weadmitthathisrevengeonpeoplewhohadhurthisissuccessful.Buthisrevengeispointless;hespentallhislife