acomparativestudyonthepastoralpoetrybetweenwordsworthandtaoyuanming英语专业毕业论文

学号20095061706本科毕业论文（设计）系（院）外国语学院专业英语年级2009级姓名李珍珍论文（设计）题目AComparativeStudyonthePastoralPoetryBetweenWordsworthandTaoYuanming指导教师余永锋职称讲师2013年3月21日ContentsTOC\o"1-2"\h\z\uAbstract 2Keywords 3摘要 3关键词 31.Introduction 31.1ABriefIntroductiontoWilliamWordsworthandTaoYuanming 31.2PastoralPoetryofWordsworthandTaoYuanming 42.Wordsworth’sandTaoYuanming’sPastoralPoetry:Similarities 62.1WaytoRurallife 62.2ThemesinPastoralPoetry 82.3PoeticLanguage 93.Wordsworth’sandTaoYuanming’sPastoralPoetry:Differences 113.1PoeticRealm 113.2UniqueViewpointonNature 143.3SpiritualPursuit 15Bibliography 18AComparativeStudyonthePastoralPoetryBetweenWordsworthandTaoYuanmingName:LiZhenzhenNo.:20095061706EnglishMajorSchoolofForeignLanguagesSupervisor:YuYongfengTitle:InstructorAbstract:WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)andTaoYuanming(365-427)arethemostprominentpastoralpoetsinEnglishandChineseliteraryhistoriesandhavemadegreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofpastoralpoetry.ThepaperexploresthesimilaritiesanddifferencesinWordsworth’sandTaoYuanming’spastoralpoetryinseveralaspects.Thiscomparativestudyintendsnotonlytotracktheideologicaldevelopmentofthetwopoetsandtoachieveabetterunderstandingoftheirpoems,butmoreimportantly,toprobeintowhatliesbehindthesimilaritiesanddifferences.Hopefully,theresearchmaycontributetoamoreprofoundliteraryandculturalcommunicationbetweentheEastandtheWest.KeyWords:Wordsworth;TaoYuanming;pastoralpoetry;similaritiesanddifferences摘要:华兹华斯（1770-1850）和陶渊明（365-472）是中英诗坛上杰出的田园诗人，为田园诗的发展做出了极大的贡献。本文试从这两位田园诗人的”回归田园之路”、“诗歌创作题材”、“诗歌创作语言”三方面探讨二人的相同之处，并试从“田园诗歌意境营造”、“独特的自然观”和“蕴含在田园诗中的精神追求”分析二人的相异之处。通过对华兹华斯和陶渊明的田园诗歌的初步分析比较，不仅要探寻两位诗人的创作思想的异同，从而更好地理解他们的作品，更重要的是通过比较研究来揭示二人的田园诗创作对当今诗歌发展的启示，借以为东西文学与文化的交流作一有益的探索与尝试。关键词:华兹华斯;陶渊明;田园诗;相同点和不同点1.Introduction1.1ABriefIntroductiontoWilliamWordsworthandTaoYuanmingWilliamWordsworth(1770-1850),Britishpoet,receivedhiseducationatCambridgeUniversity.Intheearly1790sWilliamlivedforatimeinFrancewherehewassweptintotheviolentFrenchRevolutionthatplayedanimportantroleinhispoeticcreation.AfterreturningfromFrance,WordsworthsettledintheLakeDistrictofNorthernEngland,andhededicatedhimselftopoetrywriting.HewasadefiningmemberoftheEnglishRomanticMovement.LikeotherRomantics,Wordsworth’spersonalityandpoetryweredeeplyinfluencedbyhisloveofnature,especiallybythesightsandscenesoftheLakeCountry（LakeDistrict）.Asprofoundlyearnestandsincerethinker,hedisplayedahighseriousnesstemperWilliamWordsworthwasbornandgrewupintheLakeDistrict,thebeautifulareaofmountains,lakes,andstreamsneartheScottishborderinnorthwestEngland.ThenaturalbeautyandgrandeurofthisareawasamajorsourceofinspirationforWordsworththroughouthislife.Hismotherdiedwhenhewaseight.WordsworthwassenttoschoolatHawshead,atownfurthersouthintheLakeDistrict.Hewasalivelyandsometimesamoodyboy.Helovedtospendhisfreetimeroamingaboutthecountrysideandgettingtoknowthecountrypeople.Thememoriesoftheseyearsweretransformedintomagnificentverses.Hethinksthatnatureisgoodtoone’smoralhealth.Thefarmersandtheirchildrenaresimpleandcourageousbecausetheyalwaysliveinthedells,amongclearstreamsandinbroadfields;TaoYuanming(365-427),ChinesepoetoftheEasternJinDynasty,isconsideredthefounderofthepastoralpoetryschoolinthehistoryofChineseliterature.HewasoncedeterminedtosecureanofficialpositionintheEasternJinDynasty.Becausehewasdissatisfiedwiththesocialrealitiesofhisday,heabandonedhispostandreturnedtothecountrylife.Hespentsometwenty-twoyearsinseclusion,supportinghisfamilybyfarminganddevotingtherestofthetimetowriting.Talentedinvariousgenresofproseandpoetry,hedescribedinhiswritingsthenaturalbeautyandhisrusticlife,permeatedwithhisantipathyfortheprivilegedandhisaloofnessinthestatusquo.TaoYuanming’spersonalityandworksareheldinveryhighesteem.SincetheSongDynasty,“plainness”and“naturalness”havebecomethefixedattributestoTaoYuanming’spoems,andhehasthusoccupiedanimportantplaceinthehistoryofChineseliterature.Thoughcomingfromdifferentcountriesandtimes,WilliamWordsworthandTaoYuanmingsharetheloveofnatureandthetranquilityoftherurallife.Bychoosingnatureandtheincidentsoftherurallifeasthethemesintheirpoeticcreations,andtheyhavecontributedmuchtothedevelopmentofthepastoralpoetry.Astudyontheirpoemsentailsabriefintroductionoftheoriginanddevelopmentofthepastoralpoetry.1.2IntroductiontoPastoralPoetryofWordsworthandTaoYuanmingWilliamWordsworth’smonumentalpoeticlegacyrestsonalargenumberofimportantpoems,varyinginlengthandweightfromtheshort,simplepastoralpoemsofthe1790stothevastexpansesofThePrelude,thirteenbookslonginits1808edition.ButthethemesthatrunthroughWordsworth’spoetry,andthelanguageandimageryheusestoembodythosethemes,remainremarkablyconsistentthroughoutallhispoems,adheringlargelytothetenetsWordsworthsetoutforhimselfinthePrefacetoLyricalBallads.ThepublicationofLyricalBalladsrepresentsalandmarkforEnglishpoetry.Itisunlikeanythingthathadcomebefore,andpavesthewayforeverythingthatistocomeafter.Accordingtothetheorythatpoetryresultsfromthe“spontaneousoverflow”ofemotions,asWordsworthwritesinthePrefacetoLyricalBallads,WordsworthandColeridgemakeittheirtasktowritepoemsinthesimplelanguageofcommonpeopleratherthanintheloftyandelaboratedictionsthatwerethenconsidered“poetic”.Accordingtothistheory,poetryoriginatesin“emotionrecollectedinastateoftranquility”;thepoetthensurrenderstotheemotion,sothatthetranquilitydissolves,andtheemotionremainsinthepoem.Thisexplicitemphasisonfeeling,simplicity,andthepleasureofbeautyoverrhetoric,ornament,andformalitychangesthecourseofEnglishpoetry,replacingtheelaborateclassicalformsofPopeandDrydenwithanewRomanticsensibility.Manypastoralpoems,suchasDaffodils,WritteninMarch,ComposeduponWestminsterBridge,TinternAbbeyarethetypicalrepresentativesofWordsworth’sstyle.WordsworthbecomesthedominantBesidesthebeautyofnature,theprincipleobjectthenproposedinthesepastoralpoemsistochooseincidentsandsituationsfromcommonlife,andtorelateanddescribethem.ThereasonwhyWordsworthselectsthelowandrusticlifeasthethemeofhispastoralpoemsisthatinthatconditiontheessentialpassionsofheartfindabettersoilinwhichtheycanattaintheirmaturity.Andthepastoralpoemsarewritteninthecommonlanguagereallyusedbymenasfaraspossible.InChineseliterature,thehighstatusofTaoYuanmingmainlyowesitselftohisfinepastoralpoetry.Apioneertowritetherurallifeandthebeautyofnature,hepavesthepathforthelaterpoets.AllofTao’spoemsarefresh,naturalandplaininboththemeandlanguage,especiallythepoemsofBacktoCountry,DrinkingWine(theFifth),MatchingaPoembySecretaryGuo,MovingHousesandthelike.TheTangpoetryisunderthedirectinfluenceofTaoYuanming,especiallythepastoralpoemsbyWangWei,MengHaoran,andLiuZongyuan.FromtheSongDynastyon,TaoYuanming’spersonalityandworksareheldinveryhighesteem.SincetheSongDynasty,“plainness”and“naturalness”havebecomethefixedattributestoTaoYuanming’spoems,andTaoYuanminghasoccupiedanimportantplaceinthehistoryofChineseliterature.Thoughfarapartintimeandspace,WordsworthandTaoYuanminghavecutanewpathinpoetrywritingintheirrespectiveliterature.Thetwopastoralpoetsshareoneessentialcharacteristicbothintheirpoeticalcontentandtheirpoeticalform—naturalness,whichisalsothecommoninnovativepointtheyhavecontributedtothedevelopmentofpastoralpoetry.2.Wordsworth’sandTaoYuanming’sPastoralPoetry:Similarities2.1WaytoRurallifeTheperiodofreclusionplaysanimportantroleinthelivesofbothWordsworthandTaoYuanming.Itisprovedthattheyproducemostoftheirwell-knownpastoralpoemsduringtheirreclusetime.WilliamWordsworthlosthisparentsinhisearlyage,andhewassponsoredbyhisunclestoenterSt.John'sCollege,Cambridgeattheageofseventeen.In1790,beforehisgraduation,hespentthesummeronawalkingtourinSwitzerland,ItalyandFrance.HistravelsontheContinentbroughthimincontactwiththeFrenchRevolution,andhecameunderitsspell,asdidmostoftheenthusiasticyoungmenofthetime.Wordsworthwasthrilledintohumansympathy,andhishopeswerestirredIgraduallywithdrewIntoanoisierworld,andthuserelongBecauseapatriot;andmyheartwasallGiventopeople,andmylovewastheir(ThePrelude,BookⅨ)AsWordsworthburnedwiththeenthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution,TaoYuanmingborehisgreatambitionsinmind.InTao’syouthfuldays,hewastaughtbytheConfucianismtoservetheemperor.“Agoodscholarcanbecomeanofficial.”Taowasalsoinfluencedbyhishonoredancestors.Hisgreatgrandfather,TaoKan,wasafamousgeneralwithgreatmilitaryachievementsintheEasternJinDynasty,andbothhisgrandfatherandfatheralsosecuredofficialpositions.TaoYuanmingwasMygrandfatherwasaprudentmanDiscreetalloverhislife-spanHeheldhisofficefairandsquareAndshoweredfavorshereandthere(NamingMySon)SoinhisearlyageTaoYuanmingwaseagertoachievehisfamelikehisgreatgrandfatherbyservingtheemperor.BothWordsworthandTaoYuanmingpossessedgreataspirationsintheiryouthfuldays.WhenWordsworthwaspreparedtodedicatehimselftothestruggle,hisrelativesrecalledhimtoEnglandtofacetheuglyspecterofpoverty.Therudeshockcametoosuddenlyuponhisardentaspirations,and,closelyfollowingitcamethefailureoftherevolutionists—Girondins.Wordsworthwassodepressedanddisappointed.BackinEngland,hepublishedhisfirsttwopoemsin1793:AnEveningWalkandDescriptiveSketches,whichwereconventional,picturesquedescriptionsoftheAlps.HisdisillusionmentwiththeFrenchRevolutionwasreflectedinhisversedramaTheBorderers.TaoYuanming’sofficialcareerlastedprobablymorethantenyearsfrom393to405.Duringtheseyears,hewassofedupwiththeofficialdomthatheresignedfromthepositionofthemagistrateofPengze(彭泽令)whichhehadtakenupforonlyovereightydays.ThiswastheyearwhenTaoYuanmingreallyembarkedonhiswaytohisrecluselife.TaoYuanmingfailedtoachievehisambitionsinhisofficialcareer,heinevitablylongedforthetranquilityoftherurallife.ItcanbesaidsafelythattheirreconcilableconflictsbetweentheharshrealitiesandtheidealscauseWordsworthandTaoYuanmingtoretreatfromthepubliclifeandtoreturntonature.Theharshrealitiesfrustratetheambitionsofbothpoetsandhurtthemdeeply,andtheexperiencesactuallyinfluencebothpoets’poeticwritingallthroughtheirlives.2.2ThemesinPastoralPoetryThenumberofpoemsaboutthebeautyofnatureisinthemajorityinbothWordsworthandTaoYuanming’spastoralpoetry.WordsworthsettlesinthepicturesqueLakeDistrictinthenorthofEngland,andTaoYuanminglivesinhisbeautifulhometownofChaisang(present-dayJiangxiProvince).TheyareattractedInWordsworth’sopinion,natureisworthyofbeingrespectedbecauseshe,justlikethemerciful“mater”,fostersmenandallcreaturesintheworld.Wordsworth’sloveofnatureisvividlypresentedinsuchpoemsthatsincerelypraisethelittlebeings,suchasTotheDaisy,TotheCuckoo,TheSmallCelandine,TheGreenLinnetandthelike.InthepoemTotheDaisy,Wordsworthwrites:BrightFlower!WhosehomeiseverywhereBoldinmaternalNature’scareAndallthelongyearthroughtheheirOfjoyorsorrowWordsworththinksthattheDaisy’sboldnessandjoyoriginatefromthe“maternalNature’scare”,andthatnaturecanbringthelittlecreaturethevitalforce.Infact,thedaisyhasturnedtobetheembodimentofnature.InTheCourseofNature,TaoYuanmingdirectlyspeaksouthisfeelingsfornature.InthePrefacetoTheCourseofNature,Taosays:“TheCourseofNatureiswrittenwhenIamonanoutinginlatespring.Inmynewly-madespringclothes,Iwanderalonethethrivingfields,withmixedfeelingsofwealandwoe.”Alongwithnature’schangingcourseAfairspringdaydisplaysitsforceInspringattireIleavemyhomeAndtotheeasternfieldsIroam(TheCourseofNature)ThispoemdescribesvividlythelatespringsceneriesandTao’sdelightatthesightofthebeautyofnature.Alltheclouds,hills,dimhorizon,breezesandtheseedlingsinthispoemconveytheinformationofspring,andcompleteaflourishingpictureofspring.ItisnotonlythebeautyofnaturebutalsotherusticlifethatattractsWordsworthandarouseshiscreativeenthusiasm.TherurallifestronglyexcitesWordsworth’sfeelingsofloving.Wordsworth’smotivestoglorifythe“lowandrusticlife”arethattherurallifecanprovide“theessentialpassionsoftheheart”with“abettersoil”,andthat“aplainerandmoreemphaticlanguage”canbespoken.ThepoemsofWeareSeven,LucyGray,SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWaysandTheSolitaryReaperaretypicalofthethemeof“lowandrusticlife”,inwhichWordsworthpraisesthepeoplewhoareclosetonature.TaoYuanmingisafarmeraswellasapastoralpoet.Soheoftenwritesabouthisownfarminglifeinhispastoralpoems,suchasExhortationtoFarming,andthefivepoemsofBacktoCountryLife.TaoYuanmingseemstoexceedWordsworthinwritingabouttherusticlaboring,athemethatheissofamiliarwith.Wordsworth,onthecontrary,isastander-by,whoonlyusesabundantimaginationtodescribetherurallifeinhispoems.WhatisincommoninWordsworthandTaoYuanmingisthusevidentinthelinesoftheirpoems,wherethegrandnobleheroesandtheirglimmeringachievementsarereplacedbythepoorrusticpeopleandtheirsimpleordinarylie,for,inthem,bothpoetsfindtheprimevalhumanjoyandthebeautyoflife.2.3PoeticLanguageWhenreadingthepastoralpoemsofWordsworthandTaoYuanming,thereaderscaneasilyfindanothersimilarity,thatis,bothofthemusethecommonlanguagetowritetheirpoems.Theemploymentofthecommonlanguageinwritingtheirpoemsisactuallyagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofpastoralpoetry,andcanbecalledapoeticrevolutionintheliteraryhistory.WordsworthpublishesthesecondeditionofLyricalBallads.ThemostimportantthingaboutthiseditionisthatWordsworthaddsaPrefacetoLyricalBallads.InthePreface,Wordsworthputsforwardhistwoviewpointsaboutthepoeticlanguage,andbothoftheviewpointsarerevolutionaryintheEnglishpoetichistory.Firstly,Wordsworthproposespoetryshouldbewritteninthereallanguageofcommonspeech,ratherthanintheloftyandelaborate“poeticdiction”.InthePreface,Wordsworthemphasizeshisviewpointaboutthepoeticlanguageformanytimes,suchas“reallanguageofmeninastateofvividsensation”,“languagereallyusedbymen”.Secondly,Wordsworthargues“thereneitherisnorcanbeanyessentialdifferencebetweenthelanguageofproseandmetricalcomposition”.Andhealsosays,“Ifinapoemthereshouldbefoundaseriesoflines,orevenasingleline,inwhichthelanguage,thoughnaturallyarrangedandaccordingtothestrictlawsofmeter,doesnotdifferfromthatofprose.”Wordsworthusesasmuchacolloquiallanguageaspossibleforthepurposeofsimplicityanddirectcommunication.Althoughthissometimesbordersontheprosaic,itconveysideasandemotionswithoutevidentpoeticartifice.Wordsworthstrives,ashesaysinhisPreface,tomaketheincidentsofcommonlifeinterestingbytracinginthemtheprimarylawsofournature.ThisisthecharmandgreatnessofWordsworth’spoeticlanguage,and“someofthemostinterestingpartsofthebestpoemswillbefoundtobestrictlythelanguageofprosewhenproseiswellwritten.”“Wordsworthisamasterofsimplicity.”HisviewpointonpoeticlanguageisrevolutionaryandthushasexertedextremeinfluenceonthelaterpoetsintheEnglishliterature.UnlikeWordsworthwhoproposeshispoetictenetsinhisPrefacetoLyricalBallads,TaoYuanmingdoesnotleaveushispoetictheoryinanywrittenform,buthispoemsprovethatitishethatstartstherevolutionofusingsimplelanguageinpoetry-writing.Heisaspecialcasewhosefreshandsimplelanguageinhispastoralpoetrysurpassesthedryandtediousphraseologyinthe“MetaphysicalPoetry”.TaoYuanmingisthefirstamongthepoetsintheEasternJinDynastytothrowoffthereconditelanguage,andtheessentialreasonliesinhispersistenceinseekingforthevalueoflife.TaoYuanmingopposestheso-called“purediscussions(清谈)”butheacceptstheTaoistthoughtaboutnature.Therefore,worshipingnatureturnsouttobeTaoYuanming’sphilosophy.“Heisdedicatedtothequestionofhowtocommuneharmoniouslywithnature.”AfterTaoYuanmingreturnstotherurallifefromtheofficialdom,hegraduallyknowstheessenceoflifebymeansoffarming.Bydescribinghisfarmingexperiencesandfeelingsoftherusticlifeinhispoems,TaoYuanmingvoiceshisunderstandingoflife.Beingclosetotherusticlifeandtheruralpeople,TaoYuanmingwriteshispastoralpoemsinalanguagethatissimpleandfreshwithoutanyintentionalornament.TaoYuanmingisnotonlythefounderofChinesepastoralpoetryschoolbutalsothepioneerofthesimplepoeticstyle.Hispastoralpoetryisauniquephenomenon,andhispoeticlanguageisarevolutionarycreationthathasexertedgreatinfluenceonthelaterpoets,especiallythoseintheTangandSongDynasties.Wordsworthonceclaims,“Ibringmylanguageneartothelanguageofmen”andTaoYuanmingactuallyemploys“thelanguageofruralmen”inallhispastoralpoems.Inadvocatingandpracticingasimplepoeticstyle,thetwopoetsechoeachotherthroughtheircreations.Infact,theliteraturetodayowesmuchtotherevolutionstheystarted.3.Wordsworth’sandTaoYuanming’sPastoralPoetry:Differences3.1PoeticRealmAlthoughnatureholdsthesamestrongattractiontobothWordsworthandTaoYuanmingandbecomesthefocusoftheirliterarycreation,therestillexistdifferencesintheirpastoralpoetryinthatthetwopoetsconstructdifferentpoeticrealms.Wordsworthuseshisrichimaginationandmakesmuchmeditationupontheobjectsofnatureinhispastoralpoems,whileTaoYuanmingisapttomeltintonaturewithoutmuchcontemplation.Wordsworthbuildsupapoeticrealmofself-existence.WhenreadingWordsworth’spoems,readerscanalwaysfindthatWordsworthputshispersonalopinionsinthelines.Onthecontrary,TaoYuanmingseeksforanotherpoeticrealmwhereheidentifieshimselfwiththeouterworld.Inotherwords,whenreadingTaoYuanming’spoems,readersfailtoencounterthepoet’spersonalopinions.Actually,thisdifferencefindsitsorigininthedifferentculturesoftheWestandtheEast.Forinstance,Wordsworthiswillingtoinquireintotherootofthematterwhenheisenjoyingthebeautyofnature,andsohewrites:TomethemeanestflowerthatblowscangiveThoughtsthatdooftenlietoodeepfortear.(OdeIntimationsofImmortality)Onthecontrary,TaoYuanmingthinksthatthe“veritabletruth”oflifecannotbeexpressedwithwordsbutrathercanonlybesensedwiththeheart:Theviewprovidessomeveritabletruth,Butmydefiningwordsseemtomeuncouth.(DrinkingWine,theFifth)OnthebasisofChristianityandthepantheism,Wordsworthconstructshisownviewpointonnature.AccordingtotheOldTestament,Godcreatesbothnatureandhumanbeings,sothattheyareequalinessence.Furthermore,thepantheismfurtherconsidersthatthegloryofGodisrepresentedbyeverythingonearth,andeverythingintheworldpossessesthedivinityjustlikeGodhimself.Peopleshouldlovenotonlymankindthemselvesbutalsoallotherthingsintheworld,evenincludingthelittlecreatures.ThisinterdependentrelationshipbetweenmanandnatureisjustwhatWordsworthseeksfor.Inthisway,WordsworthsanctifiesnatureandtransferstheholypropertiesofGodintonature.PeoplecansensethegloryofGodfromeverycreatureofnature,evenfromthe“lowandrusticlife”.InthemostfamouspoemTinternAbbey,Wordsworthwrites:WellpleasedtorecognizeInnatureandthelanguageofthesenseTheanchorofmypurestthoughts,thenurseTheguide,theguardianofmyheart,andsoulOfallmymoralbeingInthelines,Wordsworthspeakshighlyofnature.Wordsworthrecognizes“thenurse,theguide,theguardianofhisheart,andsoulofallhismoralbeing”innature.HebelievesthatnatureisendowedwithdivinitybyGod,andthatmancangetstrengthandspiritualliberationfromit.InChineseculture,naturereferstonotonlythelawoftheexistenceanddevelopmentofallbeingsintheworldbutalsoman’sactionlessactivityandobedienceofthelaw.TheChinesehavelongcultivatedaharmoniouscommunionwithnature.Taoismclaimsthattheharmoniousrelationshipbetweennatureandhumanbeingsisthat“HumanbeingsfollowtheEarth,theEarthfollowstheHeaven,theHeavenfollowstheTao,andtheTaofollowsNature.”TaoYuanmingacceptsthethoughtsofTaoismonnature,andheemphasizestoexplorehowtoobeythelawofnatureandhowtokeepinharmonywithnature.InhisfamousproseofComeawayHome,TaoYuanmingwrites:ThusletitbeWhatearthlyjourneycanlastforeverWhynotthenletnaturetakeitsowncourseWhithershouldwego?WhyallthebustlingTheselinesclearlyexpressTaoYuanming’sviewpointonnature.Hebelievesthateverythingisdestinedandthatpeopleshouldfollowthedestinedways.InTaoYuanming’smind,therightlifeattitudeisthatpeopledonotneedtoworryorgrievetoomuchaboutlife.Instead,theyshouldacceptthechangesofnature.TaoYuanmingisalwaystryingtoseekforapoeticrealmwhereoneidentifieshimselfwiththeouterworldandthusisinharmonywithnature.BothWordsworthandTaoYuanmingsharethethemeofnatureintheirpastoralpoetry,butthepoeticrealmstheycreatearedifferent.Wordsworthmakeshisexistencefelteverywhereinthelinesashemeditatesandinstructs.Onthecontrary,TaoYuanmingmakeshimselftotallyobliviousinhispoemsandeulogizesnatureforitsownsake.3.2UniqueViewpointonNatureWordsworthregards“childhood”asthenecessarymediumforadultstoreturntonature,andmanyofhispoemsconcernwiththethemeofchildhood.InWordsworth’sopinion,thechildrenarepartofnature;theycomefromtheheavenandarethenearesttoGod;theystillpossessthedivinityendowedbyGod.ThereforeWordsworthadvocatesthatthechildhoodbethenecessarymediumforadultstoreturntonature.Wordsworth’schildhoodplaysanimportantroleinformingthisidea.Whenveryyoung,Wordsworthsufferedfromtheanguishofhisparents’earlydeathandeight-yearlonelinessintheboardinggrammarschool,wherehisreligiousloveofnatureawakened.Duringtheseeightyears,heenjoyedroamingaroundtheLakeDistrictandappreciatingthebeautyofnature.HebecameaddictedtocommuningWordsworth’sreligiouscommunicationwithnatureinhischildhoodbecomesthetreasureinhiswholelife,directlyresultinginhisviewontherelationshipbetweenchildhoodandnature.ThoughthegloryofHeavenisinevitablydyingawayalongwithachild’sgrowingup,itisnotnecessarytobepessimistic,because“ourembersdothlive”andtheadultcanstillfindthegloryofchildhoodbywayofrecollectingthepastyears.Wordsworthhasfoundthehopeofman,andhetellsthat“oursoulscanhavethesightofthatimmortalsea”bywayofbeingneartonatureandlearningfromthechild.DifferentfromWordsworth’sviewpointof“Childhoodasthenecessarymediumtoreturningtonature”,TaoYuanmingdeepenshisunderstandingofnaturebyworkinginthefields,awaydifferentfromnotonlyWordsworth’sbutalsotheotherintellectuals’inTao’time.Infact,TaoYuanming’sfarmingplaysthemostimportantroleinforminghisviewpointonnature.Duringthefirstseveralyearsofhisrecluselife,TaoYuanmingexperiencesthehappinessoftherurallife.Inthelateryearsofhisrecluselife,TaoYuanming’slifegoesfrombadtoworse.Inspiteofthehardshipsandpoverty,“TaoYuanmingstillhasgreatconfidenceinthefarming”.ThesameviewpointonlaborisexpressedagaininthepoemEarlyCropsintheWestFieldsinMid-September:OfalltheconcernsinthehumanraceFoodandclothingtaketheforemostplaceIfIamnotengagedintasksliketheseHowamItorestinpeaceandeaseTaoYuanmingadvocatesthatpeopleshouldworkhardtoearntheirliving,because“foodandraimentallcomefromtheland”.“TaoYuanming’sdevotiontofarmingisessentialtohisviewpointonnature,whichisyu-weiofnature(自然有为论),essentially