哈姆蕾特-William-Shakespeare课件

WilliamShakespeare

(1564-1616)

WilliamShakespeare

1564-1616“Alltheworld'sastage,Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.”BorninStratfordThe3rdof8kidsWorkedasanactorBy1594atleast6 playshadbeen published

TheNewGlobeTheater1999 ComediesTheTamingoftheShrewMuchAdoAboutNothingAsYouLikeITwelfthNightMidsummerNight’sDreamTheMerchantofVenice TragediesRomeoandJulietHamletOthelloKingLearMacbethHamlet,PrinceofDenmark

ActIII,SceneI

Aroominthecastle

(Thetextbook:PP.76-77)

AboutDramaDefinition:1)DramaisderivedfromtheGreekword“dran”,whichmeans“todo“or“toact”,itreferstoagroupofplaystypesofdrama,itreferstoagroupofplays.

Aproseorversecomposition,especiallyonetellingaseriousstory,thatisintendedforrepresentationbyactorsimpersonatingthecharactersandperformingthedialogueandaction.2)Aseriousnarrativeworkorprogramfortelevision,radio,orthecinema.

act-asubdivisionofaplayoroperaorballet

comedy-lightandhumorousdramawithahappyending

tragedy-dramainwhichtheprotagonistisovercomebysomesuperiorforceorcircumstance;excitesterrororpityTragicomedy:Pureformsoftragedyandcomedyhaverarelyappearedinmoderndrama.MostBritishandAmericanplaysoffersomemixtureofthetwoforms.Whenthepatternsandemotionsaremixed,theplayiscalledatragicomedy.Melodrama:1).Adrama,suchasaplay,film,ortelevisionprogram,characterizedbyexaggeratedemotions,stereotypicalcharacters,andinterpersonalconflicts.2).anextravagantcomedyinwhichactionismoresalientthancharacterizationPlaywrightsdonothavethefreedomtotellusdirectlyaboutacharacter,asfictionwritersdo.Welearnaboutcharactersinplaybypayingattentiontotheirwordsandactions.

haveabreakBackgroundInformationTheTextTheFragmentofAFilmQuestionsontheSoliloquyWrittenWorkI.TheAimofThisClass1.Toenablethestudentstoappreciatethefigurativeexpressions,whichmayenrichtheircultural&linguisticknowledge,inthissoliloquysothattheymaygetabetterunderstandingofit.II.BackgroundInformation1.TheNatureofTragedy

2.Soliloquy

3.SomeoftheProblemsTroublingHamlet

home

1.TheNatureofTragedyTragedieswereconcernedwiththeharshnessandapparentinjusticeoflife.Theyinvolvedthetrialsandeventualdeathofaherowhowasanimportantpersonandwhosedeathledtothedownfallofothers.Often,thehero’sfallfromhappinesswasduetoaweaknessinhischaracter.

HamletisamongthemostcomplexofShakespeare’stragicheroesanditisthusnoteasytopinpointonespecificflawwhichbroughtabouthisuntimelydeath.Butitwouldbetruetosay

thathewasathinkerinvolvedinadilemmawhichcouldonlyberesolvedbyamanofaction.Hisinabilitytoactswiftly&decisivelyinconnectionwithhisfather’smurderbroughthavoctotheDanishcourt

Hamletbelongstoagenreofplaysoftencalled“revengetragedies”.ThesewerepopularinElizabethanEnglandandinthemaherowascalledupontopunishanevildoerforacrimehehadcommitted.Ofteninsuchplaysthere

wasaghostwhocouldnotrestuntilthepersonwhohadcausedhisdeathwaskilled.TheghostinHamletisthusatraditionalfigurewhoserolewastourgetheherotoavengeanevildeed.

II.BackgroundInformationsoliloquyAsoliloquyisadramaticdevicewhichallowsacharactertorevealhisthoughtstotheaudiencebutnottotheothercharactersintheplay.InShakespeare’stimesoliloquieswerewidelyused.Whenanactorwasalone

onthestagehecouldspeakaloudhisthoughts,thusgivingtheaudienceclearinsightsintohischaracterandhisintentions.ItisusedquitefrequentlyinHamlet.ThePrinceaddressestheaudiencedirectlyonsixoccasions.(lst:inActI,Scene2,129-59whenheis

oppressedbytheproblemssurroundinghim,hisfather’sdeathandhismother’sfickleness;2nd:inActII,Scene2,522-80whenhecontrastshisfailuretorespondtohisfather’smurderwiththeactor’sexpressionofgriefforimaginarycharacters.

3rd:inActIII,Scenel,56-88heexpresseshisdisillusionmentwithlife:“Tobe,ornottobe-thatisthequestion”;

4th:inActIII,Scene2,362-72Heuseslanguagetoworkhimselfintoaframeofmindinwhichhecanvisithismotherandshowhertheevilsofherincestuousmarriage;5th:inActIII,Scene3,73-96hedecidesnottokillClaudiuswhileheisatprayerbuttosurprisehim;back

ProblemsvexedHamlet:HisfatherwasmurderedbyhisunclewhohasbecomethekingofDenmark;Hismotherwasmarriedtohisuncleafterhisfather’sdeath;3)TheGhostofhisfatherurgedhimtoseekrevengeforhismurder,butHamletwasnotquitesurethattheghostwashisfather’sspirit,forhefeareditmighthavebeenadevilsenttotormenthim

4)HisgirlfriendOpheliawassentasatooltofindoutwhetherornothewasreallymad(Abetrayaloflove!).

Oneincidentafteranotherseemstorevealtohimthatthetimeis“outofjoint”,andmanisnotgoodashehadimagined.

moral,histhoughts,philosophicalratherthanpractical,hisconcerns,thenatureofthings,hisfeelings,adeepsorrowovertheinjusticeandvanity,melancholy,procrastination,commitsuicide,cannotbearthesocialinjusticesandgrievances,consciousofhisownweakness,thinktoomuch

III.TheTexthomeHamlet,PrinceofDenmarkACTIIISCENEIAroominthecastle

Hamlet:

Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:Whether’tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,

III.TheTextback

Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,

Andbyopposingendthem.Todie,tosleep;

Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheart-acheandthethousandnaturalshocks

Devoutlytobewish’d.Todie,tosleep;Tosleep!perchancetodream:aye,there’s therub;III.TheTextback

Withthisregardtheircurrentsturnawry,

Andlosethenameofaction.Softyounow!

ThefairOphelia!Nymph,inyourorisons

Beallmysinsremember’d.Forinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycome,Whenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,Mustgiveuspause:there’stherespectThatmakescalamityofsolonglife;

Forwhowouldbearthewhipsandscornsoftime,Theoppressor’swrong,theproudman’scontumely,Thepangsofdespisedlove,thelaw’sdelay,

Inthissoliloquy,Hamletisdetached,reflective,analyticandmoral.Histhoughtswerephilosophicalratherthanpractical;hisconcernswereonthenatureofthingsratherthananyspecificplansforactions;hisfeelingswereofadeepsorrowovertheinjusticeandvanity,“aseaoftroubles”whichbroughtpainsintohumanlife.Hismelancholyandprocrastinationarealsorevealed.Hereheisponderingonthequestionoflifeanddeath.

Heisthinkingofcommittingsuicide.Buthehesitatesforhedoubtswhetherdeathcangivehimrestandpeace.Besides,heisnotsurewhethert