eu2017暑期新初三词汇辨析专辑

用Thesunroseabovethe“在……上面”Thereisabridgeoverthe“在……上面”Thereisanoilpaintingonthe 例“横过，穿过”，指从……Becarefulwhenyouwalkacrossthe当你过马路的时候要Theriverflowsthroughthecityfromwesttoatall/after 例atShedoesn’tlikefootballat她一点也不喜欢afterAfterallheisachild.毕竟,few/afew/little/aIamanewcomerhere,soIhavefewfriendsaThoughthemanhasbeenhereforonlyonemonth,heafew尽管这个人才在这里住了一个月，但他就有了一些朋友。Thereislittlewaterintheglass,soyoucan’tdrinkaThereisalittlewaterintheago/ 例Hediedtwoyears他是两年前的Igottherebefore5o’clockintheIneversawhimalone/ Helivesalone,butheneverfeels“孤独的，寂寞的”，强理感already/ 例Ihavealreadyfinishedit.我已经做完了。IsitSundayalready?Ihaven’tlearnedityet.Hashecomeanswer/ 例它可以用作及物动词或不及物HeansweredmyItisadifficultquestionto常用作不及物动词回答Ididn’treplytoarrive/reach/get 例是不及物动词，arrivein+(arriveat+HearrivedinNanninglastPleasewritetomewhenyoureach你到后请给我写信getWhendidyougethomeagreewith/agreeon/agree 例agree表示“与……意见一致Idon’tagreewithagreeandtheU.S.A.agreedontheceandtimeforthenextagree为“计划、安排Weallagreedtoyouralittle/a a都可修饰形容alittle后可直接接不可数名词，abit若修饰不abitGetupabit/alittleearlier,andyouwillseethe起早一点你就会看到那位了aHeatealittle/abitoffoodthis 例像作介词，意为“以……的作为Sheworksasaninterpreterinthat作介词意为像如同样，如……般的It’snotlikeyoutotake 例以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后Shewentafterthree她是三天以后走的以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,Shewillgointhree她三天以后要走bytheway/ontheway/inthe 例bythe常用作状语，意为“顺便说一下Bytheway,howoldareonthe“在……的”，后接名词时Heboughtapenonhis/thewayto他在上学的买了一支钢笔inthe“挡路；妨碍Yourcarisintheway. 例Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasbecauseWehavetoputoffthemeetingbecauseofthebadbeafraidthat/beafraid 例beafraidI’mafraidIcan’thelpbeafraid后接名词/代词/动名词，意为“某事Iamafraidofgoingoutatbig/large/great/ 例Thiscoatistoobigforisalarge常表示“伟大的”，带有一定的感Einsteinisagreat表示“巨大的；极大的”Theearthisahuge例物的正下方，其反义词是Fromthetopofthemountain,wecouldseethewholevillagebelowus.Thereisacatunderthe桌子有只猫between/ 例ThereisatreebetweenthetwoLondonisamongthegreatestcitiesoftheworld.another/theother/other/others/the 例指不定数目中的另一Idon’tthinkthecoatisgoodenough.Canyoushowmeonethe指两个中的“另一个Hehastwosons,oneisinShanghai,theotherisin他有两个儿子，一个在，另一个在泛指“另外的”, ,maths,Englishandother泛指“另外的人或物”，但不指其余的人或物的Somelikeswimming,othersliketheTherearethirtybooksonthebookshelf.Fivearemine,thearemy书架上有三十本书。五本是我的，其余是我的as/when/ 例“当(在)……时候”，往往可与when或IsawhimashewasgettingofftheItwasrainingwhenwePleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersare别人在工作的时候，大声borrow/ 例借是以“我”为中心“借进”fromI’veborrowedtwobooksfromthe我从馆借了两本书意为“借出”toCanyoulendyourdictionaryto能的字典借给我吗bring/take/fetch/ 例Remembertobringyourbook记得明天的书带来It’sgoingtorain.You’dbettertakeanwith“去取来某物”Willyougoandfetchsome你去取一点水来,汽车、火车等交通工具，意为“运载”Thebuscarriedmetothepark 例后接的宾语一般为人或相当于人的名词，“打败WebeatClassFourinthefootballmatchyesterday.天赛我们打败了四班Wewonthefootball我们赢得了赛的胜利 例系Hehadtostayathomeyesterdaybecausehewas人所知的原因，语气比becauseSincehecan’tanswerthequestion,you’dbetterasksomeoneItmusthaverained,fortheroadisbemadeof/bemade 例bemadeThedeskismadeofbemadePaperismadefromby/with/ 例用“以……方式(方法Hegoestoschoolby指“借助于具体的工具Jimisclimbingthetreewitha以方式，用某种语言Canyousayitinbeusedfor/beusedas/beused 例be“用来作Apenisusedforwriting.beused“……被用作Englishisusedasausefultoolinourbeusedby“为……所使用”Englishisusedbytravelersandbusinesspeoplealloverthe 例意为“除……之外(有Ihaveanotherbluepenbesidesthis意为“除……之外(再有Weallpassedtheexamexcept我们都通过了考试，除外both/ 例都指“两者都Histwobrothersareboth指“三者或三者以上都Thestudentsallworkbeangerwith/beangry 例beanger只能跟表“人”的名词或Theteacherwasangrywithmeformycoming代词，意为“生气beangryat/“因某事而”,atabout后只能接表“事物”Hewasangryabout/atmissingthe他为错过那场而生气catchacold/havea 例catchaIt’scoldoutside.Gointothehouse，oryou’llcatchacold.haveaIhavehadacoldforseveraldaysandIcan’tgetridofcan/beable 例表示“本能”或“能够”，接动词一起构成IcansingtheEnglish能语beableIfyouworkhard,youwillbeabletomasterdowith/deal 例dodowith常与连接代词whatIdon’tknowwhattheydowiththe=Idon’tknowhowtheydealwiththedealdealwith常与连接副词how 例终止性动词，不用于语Hehasdied.Hisgrandfatherhasbeendeadforfive他的祖父已经有五年了作形容词，意为“垂死的，快熄灭的Thisisadying名词，Hewassentencedto他被 例ColumbusdiscoveredWhoinvented 例WhatelsedidyouWherearetheother其他的在哪里everyday/ every是副词词组，意为“每天，天天”IstudyeverydayEnglishevery是形容词，意为“日常的，普通的family/ 例家指由父母、所组成的家庭，是集HisfamilyisalargeIlovemyhome.Therearefourroomsinthe 例Todayisthefinaldayofthis“最后的，末尾的”,Myhousestandsinthelastbefamousas/befamous 例befamous“以(某种)……出名(著名)”,as后跟Sheisfamousasabefamous“因……而闻名(驰名)”表示由于某种特征hasbeenfamousforitssilk. 例Don’tforgetyourexercise表示把某物遗忘在I’msorryIleftmyexercisebookatforgettodosth./forgetng 例forgettodo忘记要去做某事(事情还未做Don’tforgettowakemeupat6：00tomorrow6 忘记做过某事(事情已做过或已经发生I linghimabouttheforexample/such 例forSomestudents,forexample,John,liveinthe有些学生，如吧，就住在城里suchchas举的事物一起放在所要说明的“suha+”作前面SomeboyssuchasTom,Mikeliketoy有些男孩，如、，喜欢踢fast/quick/ 例快HerunsfasterthanI.HegavemeaquickGodownstairsquickly. 例表示进入或变成某种状态,形容词连用,表状ThedaygetsshorterandThetreesturngreenin在春天,程MylittlebrotherisgrowingeHe eagotobed/gotosleep/fallasleep/be 例goto表动作，指“去睡觉Ioftengotobedgoto也表动作，指进入“睡着”Hefounditdifficulttogotofall表动作，意为“刚刚入睡”，指“着”Hefellasleepwhentherewasaloudknockatdoor.他刚睡着，这时有声敲门be表状态，意为“睡着的Thebabyhasbeenasleepforanhappen/take 例的或不能预见的“发生HowdidtheaccidentGreatchangeshavetakencesinceliberahavebeento/havegoneto/havebeen 例been儿Wherehaveyoubeen?goneto表示“去了”，指人已经走了(Sheisn’there.Shehasgoneto她不在这儿。她去了been表示“去了某地，并曾在那儿(一段时ShehasbeeninShanghaiforafew她在待了几个周了 Welistenedcarefullyforalongtimebuthowoften/howsoon/howlong/how 例how中的often,usually,everyday,never,onceaweek—Howoftendoyougotoseea——你多久看一次—Oncea——how—Howsoonwillthebuildingbe———Ina——how多长久时间，对“for…”，“since…”等表示一段时间的状语—Howlongwillhebe———Hewillbeawayfortwo——how—Howfarisitfromheretothe———Itistwo—— 例WemustworkhardforourItrainedhardyesterday.否定副词，意为“几乎不”Icouldhardlywriteatthatinthecorner/atthecorner/onthe含例inPutthebroomsintheatThemanisstandingatthecorneroftheonThereisashoponthehearsb.ngsth./hearsb.do 例hearsb.Ihearhimtalkingnext我听到他正在隔壁房间hearsb.doIheardhersingthesonghope/用例sth./hopethat…/hopefor…IhopethathecanhelpIhopetowatchthebasketballmatchdosth./wishsb.sth./wishthat…Iwishyoutohaveagoodtimeattheparty.我希望你在上玩得愉快。IwishyouaHappyNewif 例1.whetherornot时Peopleoftenaskmewhether/ifIlike人们常问我是否喜欢Idon’tknowwhetherornothewouldcomefor2.whether引导的(主语)Whetherthisisrightornot,Ican’t3.whether+todosth.这事对不对，我说Hehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoorinteresting/ 例Thenewsis“对……感的”，主语是人，作表Iaminterestedinthe我对这本书感ill/ 例Hewasillyesterday.Sheislookingafterhersick(ill)inthetree/onthe 例intheThereisabirdintheontheTherearemanyapplesontheintime/on 例inWearejustintimefortheon强调“准时，正点Thetraincameintothestationoninstead/instead 例Mr.Wangisill,andIwilltakehisclassinsteadIwillcleanthewindowinsteadofinfrontof/inthefront 例infrontTherearesometreesinfrontoftheinthefront人或某物在某空Theteacher’sdeskisinthefrontoftheclassroom.infuture/inthe 例inYoumustbemorecarefulinfuture你今后必须更加inthe多指较遥远的将来的某一时Whocanlwhatwillhappeninthejoin/takepart 例Hejoinedthepartyin1927take、Areyougoingtotakepartindiscussion?aloud/loud/ 例副词“出声地,大声地”Pleasereadthestory“高声地，大声地，响亮地”Speak“高声地”loudDon’ttalksoleave/leave 例“离开，留下WeleftShanghaitwoyears我们两年前离开了Helefthiscellphoneinthetaxilast他上周把落在出租车里了leaveThetrainisleavingforlose/ 例丢失，回HelosthisparentswhenhewasIamafraidthatJimwillmissalotoflessons.心将会缺很多课look/ 例Mr.SmithlooksveryThereseemstobesomethingwrongwithmylookfor/ lookIlookedforiteverywherebutIcouldn’tfindlook/ 例看Pleaselookatthe表示结果“看见Canyouseetheword“仔细，注视MayIwatchTV只用于指看书或看Aliceisreadingamaybe/may 例是副词，“也许”perhaps。maybeMaybehewon’tmaymaybemaybe是连系动词，表示“也许是ShemaybewatchingTVmuchtoo/too 例much太“太，非常”It’smuchtoocoldtooIdon’tlikewinterbecausethere’stoomuchsnowandice. 例用作形容词或副词，表示Comenearplease.Helivesneartheschool.意为“几乎，将近”TheseasonsoftheyearinEnglandandtheU.S.A.arenearlysame.和英国的四季几乎是一样的neither/ 例NeitherofmyparentsisatNoneofthestudentsareintheclassroom.Theyhaveallgonetotheyground.所有的学生都不(一个也不) 例不作副词时，对一般疑问句作否定回答，与相对；no作形容词时，可修饰可数名词或不可notanotanyWehavenoclassesonSunday.=Wedon’thaveanyclassesonSunday.Idon’tthinkchickenscan 例ThisisabookontheThisisafilmaboutthewoman这是一部关于那位女影星的oneday/some 例oneOnedaywe’llbothgotoseeNewYork.someWewillmeetagainsomeput 例put穿It’scoldoutside.Putonmore表状态，“穿戴着Theboywearsanewcoatpointat/point 例point表示“指准某个方向”Shepointedatoneofthepoint只表示“指向某一个方向”Hepointedtothemountainsfaraway. 例Don’tnttheflowersbeforemid-Theflowersgrowintheproblem/ 例多指“习题，问题”决定解决的问题，尤其指比较的问Heisthinkingaboutamaths常指由于对某事感到疑惑不解而提出用MayIaskareceive/ 强调“收到，接到”IreceivedhisgiftbutIdidn’taccept我收到了他的，但我没有接受它强调立场上的结果，表“接受real/ 例ThisisarealTrueloveshouldlastfor 例“”,Pleaseraiseyourhandifyouknowthe“上升”Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsintheseesb.ngsth./seesb.do词 例seesb.ngIsawhimwalkingintheseesb.doShesawaboygointoyour她看见进了你的教室spend/take/ 例sb.time(in)ngsth.或Hespent30minutes(in)writingtheletter.30常用itIttakessb.sometimedoIttookmethreehourstofinishmy3主语是物。sth.costngtheworkcosttheworkersalongtime.主语多是人。sb.paysomemoneyIpaidfiveyuanforthesince/ 例作连词，后常接时间点，意思是“自从Hehasbeenaworkersincehecametothiscity.间Ihavelivedherefortenso 例so“以便，为了”Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirst“如此……以至于……”，thatHeissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfarther. 例指自然界的一切“声音Canyouheartheterriblesoundjust刚才你听到那个可怕了吗一般指人或鸟儿发出Thefamoussingerhasabeautiful这位有名的有一副好嗓子Pleasestopmakingnoise, 例高HeistallerthanTheHimalayaMountainishighestmountinthe l/含义 例说为及物动词，表示“说的内容”，有WangFangsays,“Iama说：“我是一名学生。作说话的能力讲时,后接语言时,IcanspeakEnglish.l有“告诫，吩咐，讲述”Hetoldmeastory.Aliceistalkingwith正在和交谈 例一般情况下，some用于肯定句，后接可数TherearesomebooksontheWouldyoulikesometea?词Isthereanywaterinthethenumberof/anumber 例thenumberThenumberofthestudentsinourschoolis1,000anumber词Anumberofstudentslikeying许多学生喜欢踢trytodo/try 例tryto“努力去做，尽力做Hetriedtoclimbthetree. 尝试做看看，有何结果”Ifnooneanswersthedoor,whynottryknockingthedoor?thanksfor/thanks 例thanks表示“因为……而表示感谢Thanksforyourhelp.thanks“由于；幸亏Thankstospace lites,theworlditself ing 例TheysawadogcomingtowardsItwasrainingwhenIcametoschoolthis1．afew/afewfewafew“有一些”，表示肯定概念，few[例Themanhasbeenhereformanyyears,sohehasafewIamanewcomerhere,soIhavefewfriendshere.2．alittle/(1)alittle,little用于修饰不可数名词。(2)alittle有一些”little“几乎没有”，表示否定概念[例]Thereisalittlewaterintheglass.里有一些水Thereislittlewaterintheglass,soyoucan’tdrinkany.ago/ago[例]Hediedtwoyearsago.他是两年前的before后接“时间点”，可用于任何时态；它也可放在“时间段”后，[例]Igottherebefore5o’clock.我五点钟前到达那里。Ineversawhimbefore.我以前没见过他。Hehaddoneittwodaysbefore.already/1)already意为“已经”，常用于肯定句，与完成时和进行时连用为多。IsitSundayalready?已经到星期天啦？Ihavealreadyfinishedit.我已经做完了。（2）yet通常用于疑问句和否定句，在疑问句中作“已经”解，Ihaven’tlearnedityet.我还不知此事。Hashecomeyet?他还没有来？（表疑问arrive/reach/arrivearrivein+大地方（国家、城市等）arriveat+小地方（村庄、车站、码头等HearrivedinNanninglastweek.getvi.\getto+Whendidyougettothestationyesterday?你昨天什么时候到达火车站？reachvt.\reach+名词PleasewritetomewhenyoureachBeijing.你到后请给我写信reach、arrive、gethere、there、home时,Igotarrive/reachedhomelateyesterday.agreewith/agreeon/agreeagreewith(sb.)表示“与……意见一致”。Idon’tagreewithyou.agreeto(sth.)宾语一般为suggestion、n等,“同意计划、安排”Weallagreedtoyourn.我们同意你的计划agreeon表示“双方就...达成一致协议”andtheU.S.A.agreedontheceandtimeforthenext7.abit/a相同点：都用来修饰形容词、副词及其，也可修饰动词Getupabit/alittleearlierandyouwillseethestar.不同点：①alittle+不可数名词，abitof+Heatealittlefood/abitoffoodthismorning.②alittleabit和否定词连用,notalittle很，非常；\notabitbytheway/ontheway/inthebytheway常用作状语，意为“顺便问一下”,“顺便说一下”ontheway“在……的”，后接名词时需加介词home、here、theretointheway挡路、妨碍”例]Yourcarisintheway.Heboughtapenonhis/thewaytoschool.他在上学的买了一枝钢笔Bythewayhowoldareyou?beafraid/beafraidof/beafraidbeafraid意为“害怕”，如果后接宾语从句，意为“恐怕……”，IamafraidIcan’thelpyou.beafraidof+名词/代词/动名词，意为“害怕/做某事Iamafraidofgoingoutatnight.我害怕晚上出去。beafraidfor后习惯接表示人的代词，表示“替担心”。如：Iamafraidforyou.between/这两个词都有“在……之间（中）”betweenThetrainrunsbetweenBeijingandNanning.火车在和南宁两地间运行Thereisatreebetweenthetwohouses.amongIsawhimamongthecrowd.Londonisamongthegreatestcitiesoftheworld.borrow/二者都有“借”的意思，使用时应注意以谁为中心的问题，borrow是以“我”为中心，“借进”from连用。如：I’veborrowedtwobooksfromthelibrary.我从馆借了2本书lend是以“你”为中心，意为“借出”toCanyoulendyourdictionarytome?能借你的字典给我吗？(3)这二者都可有这样的结构：borrowsb.sth;lendsb.sth.bring/take/fetch/bring意为“带来”Remembertobringyourbooktomorrow.记住明天的书带来take意为“带走”It’sgoingtorain.You’dbettertakeanumbrellawithfetch意为“去取来某物”如：Willyougoandfetchsomewater?你去取一点水来,carry一般指“随身携带的细小物品”，此外还多用于汽车、火车等交通工具Healwayscarriesapocketdictionarywithhim.他总是随身携带一本袖珍字典。Thebuscarriedmetotheparkyesterday.昨天公共汽车把我拉到了公园。beat/beatvt.后接的宾语一般为人或相当于人的名词，“打败“赢了……”；也经常用于语态。如WebeatClassFourinthefootballmatchyesterday.昨天赛我们打败了四班队。ClassFourwasbeateninthefootballmatchyesterday.四班队昨天被打败了。winvt.一般后接物或比赛作宾语，少用语态。如Wewonthefootballgame.我们赢得了赛的胜利3)winwinagame赢得比赛（游戏）winagoldmedalwinaprizewinthewar赢得了的胜利winsb.over把争取过来，说by/with/by、with、in都可以表示使用“工具”、“”。它们的区别是：by表示“以……方式（方法、）”和“乘坐某种交通工具”；with指“借助于具体的和工具”；in表示“以……方式”，“用某种语言”[例]Hegoestoschoolbybike.Jimisclimbingthetreewithaladder.用梯子爬树CanyousayitinEnglish?beusedfor/beusedas/beusedbeusedforfor表用途，即“用来作……”Apenisusedforwriting.beusedas在这个短语中，介词as表或工具，即“……被用作……”Englishisusedasausefultoolinourbeusedbyby后接使用的执行者，“为……所使用”Englishisusedbytravelersandbusinesspeoplealloverthebesides/besidesexcept用于肯定句时，except意为“除……之外（不再有besides意为“除……之外（还有）”Ihaveanotherbluepenbesidesthis除了这枝外，我还有另一枝蓝色钢笔。（1+12枝Weallpassedtheexamexcept我们都通过了考试，除外。（整体中……一人不及格exceptall、any、every、noHeansweredallthequestionsexceptthelastexcept后接名词、代词、动名词和动词，这时except=but；exceptbut代替。如：Thewindowisneveropenexceptinsummer.这扇窗户从来不开,除夏季外。Hedidnothingexcept/butcleanthehouse.他只是打扫了房子。both/both指“两者都”（=2）neitherHistwobrothersarebothworkers.他的两个兄弟都是工人。Theybothworkinourschool.他们俩都在我们学校上班。bothbe后，实义动词前。all指“三个或三个以上都……”none。Thestudentsallworkhard.学生们都很用功。Theyareallheretoday.他们今天都在这里。Theyareallstrangers.Iknownoneofthem.他们全是陌生人,beangerwith/beangryabout/beangrybeangrywith后只能跟表“人”的名词或代词，意思是“生的气”，for。Theteacherwasangrywithmeformycominglate.beangryat=beangryabout意思是“因某事而”。at或about后只能接表“事物”的名词。如：Heisangrywith/aboutsmallthings.Hewasangryabout/atmissingthefilm.他为错过那场而生气can/beablecan表示“本能”或能够，有一般时和过去时，后接动词一起构成谓语IcansingtheEnglishsong.Ababycancrywhenitishungry.beableto后接动词，表示“能够”，多指一个人经过后天的努力Ifyouworkhard,youwillbeabletomastercatchacold/havea一般情况下，这两个短语都表示“得了感冒，患了感冒”catchacoldIt’scoldoutside.Gointothehouseoryou’llcatchahaveacoldIhavehadacoldforseveraldaysandIcan’tgetridofdie/dead/dying/die是终止性动词，不用于语态Hehasdied.他死了。Hediedfiveweeksago.他五死的deadHisgrandfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.他的祖父已经有五年了deathHewassentencedtodeath.他被dying意为“要死了”adeaddog一条死（了的）狗 adyingdog一条“濒临”的狗初中常见的die短语：diefrom/of……因……而死else/else可作形容词或副词，作形容词时，常放在疑问代词、不定代词之后Whatelsedidyoudo?Shehasnothingelsetosay.otherWherearetheothercomrades?其他的在哪里Iwantsomeotherbooks.else后可带-‘s,otherWhoelse’sbikecanthisbe?ever/这两个词都可解作“曾经”ever表示“到现在为止以前的任何时候”，用于现在完成时的句子，HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?你去过吗once表示“过去某一时候”或“过去某段时间”，IoncewenttoLondonwithmyfather.我曾经和我父亲去过伦敦。注意：once作为“一次”解时，表频率，可用于完成时。Ihavebeenthereonce.far/faraway都有“远”far指抽象距离的远，awayThefarmisveryfarfromhere.Thestationisfivekilometresawayfromhere.5faraway-Howfarisyourschool?-NotfarOnly100metresaway.不远,100fast/quick/fastadjadv.有“快”的意思，通常指“行走、跑、唱、跳”HerunsfasterthanI.quickadj.有“迅速”Hegavemeaquickanswer.quicklyGodownstairsquickly.forshort/shortforshort意为“缩写、简称、简言之”Theteachertoldustowritethetextforshort.shortfor是……的缩写”，一般作表语。如：“You’d”isshortfor“Youwould”or“Youhad”.get/turn/ e/get较口语化,表示进入或变成某种状态,通常与形容词或形容词连用,表状态。 Thedaysgetshorterandturn有“成为和以前完全不同的东西”Thetreesturngreeninspring.在春天,growMylittlebrotherisgrowingtall.eHe eadoctor.be表示“成为”IwanttobeateacherwhenIgrowup.长大后成为一名教师gotobed/gotosleep/fallasleep/begotobed表动作，指“去睡觉”gotosleep也表动作，指进入“睡着”fallasleep表动作，意为“刚刚入睡”，指“刚睡着”beasleep表状态，意为“睡着的”Hefellasleepwhentherewasaloudknockatthe他刚睡着，这时有声敲门Thebabyhasbeenasleepforanhour.这孩子睡着一个小时了。Hefounditdifficulttogotosleep.他发现很难入睡。howoften/howsoon/howlong/how①howlong意为“多长/久时间”，是对句子Howlongwillhebeaway?Hewillbeawayfortwodays.Howlonghaveyoubeenateacher?Forabouttenyears.10注意：howlong②howsoon意为"某事多快能发生或完成",in…Howsoonwillthebuildingbefinished?Inamonth.③howoften意为"多长时间一次,每隔多久",often,usually,everyday,sometimes,never,onceaweek等表示频率的副词提问,HowoftendoyougotoseeaOnceaweek.你多长时间看1次？1周1次④howfar是对距离的提问，意为“长达……千米/米”-HowfarisitfromheretotheItistwokilometers.--hard/hardadj.&adv.作形容词时，有“难的”，“硬的”意思，作副词时，Wemustworkhardforourcountry.须为祖国努力学习Itrainedhardyesterday.hardlyadv简直不”、“几乎不”，在句中起否定作用。Icouldhardlywriteatthattime.那时我几乎不会写字。hear/hearof/hearhear为及物动词，“听到”Icanhearyouclearly.hearof=hearabout为不及物动词,指间接地“听别人说起……”，如IhaveheardofthewriterbutIhaveneverseenhearfrom一般后接sb.指“收到……来信”HaveyouheardfromJim?你收到的来信了吗hear ngsth./hearsb.do（1）hear ngsth.结构中为-ingIhearhimtalkingnextdoor.我听到他正在隔壁房间hearsb.dosth.dosth.Iheardhersingthesongyesterday.大多数的感官动作（see、watch、notice等）都可以用于这两种结构，B.havegot,而用have。如：LiHonghadaproblem.有一个问题。Ihavehadthebikeforthreeyears.3C.havegot。havearest/aswimawashadrinkhavelunch,haveameeting,haveaparty,hope/这两个词都有“希望”的含义，hope一般指“希望”，wish指的是“愿望”。相同点：wishhopeIhopethathecanhelpme.IwishthatIknewtheanswer.hopewish所表达的愿望一般是难以实现的hopetodosth.(√)hopesb.todosth.(×)wishsb.todosth.hopesb.sth.(×)wishsb.sth.(√)Iwishyoutohaveagoodtimeattheparty.我希望你在上玩得愉快IwishyouaHappyNewYear!interesting/interest转化而来的分词形容词，现在分词表示进行，表示主动意义，过去分词表示完成，表示意义，因此：物作主语时，表语要用-ing形容词。如：Thenewsisinteresting.这消息是有趣的。(2)人作主语时，表语要用-ed形容词。如：Iaminterestedinthebook.我对这本书感inall/atall/ofall/after这些含有all的短语的意义与all的本意无关，极易inall“总计、总共”Thereare60studentsinourclassinall.60atall“全然，根本不”，一般用于否定句中加强语气。Shedoesn’tlikefootballatall.她一点也不喜欢。afterall毕竟、终究、到底”，一般置于句首或句尾作状语。Afterall,heisachild.毕竟,他还是个孩子。Theyfinishedtheworkafterall.intime/ontime/atintime指“及时”，表示动作“在规定时间内”Wehavejustintimeforthebus.ontime强调“准时，正点”Thetraincameintothestationontime.attimes=infrontof相对某物体的外部而言，说明或某物体在某个地方的Therearesometreesinfrontofthehefrontof想对于空间而言，说明人或某物在某空间的最前面，Theteacher’sdeskisinthefrontofthebefore意味“在……的前面”，可用作介词、连词、副词，after。before多用于指时间，但也可表位置。如：TuesdaycomesbeforeWednesday.星期三之前是星期二。Shesitsbeforeme.join/joinin/takepartjoin通常指参加某种固定的组织、团队、等，强调成为其中一员Hejoinedthepartyin1927.他1927年joinsb.(in)ngsth.“和一起干某事”WhynotjoinusinbuyingSusangift?为什么不和我们一起去给买呢join表示“参加某项活动”时，和takepartin可换用，但前者侧重、欣赏，而后者更侧重身体力行，参加在Shehasneverjoined/takenpartinsuchaninterestingtakepartin指参加各种活动，包括文娱、体育、比赛、、等。如Areyougoingtotakepartin/joininthediscussion?Hehasjoinedtheleagueforfiveyears.(×)Hehasbeenaleaguememberforfiveyears.5keepngsth./keepsb.ng在这两个结构中，keepsb. ngsth.意为“不断/反复/坚持做某事”Hekeptaskingustorememberteamwork.他不断地叫我们记住合作。 ngsth.=keepon ngsth.keep ngsth.意为“让做某事”，keep在这里 ng的动作不是主语来完成,而是由宾语sb.来完成的.例如：Ikeepthemwaitingatthegate.我让他们在大门口等候。loud/adv.，意为“响亮地，大声地”但loudly多含有“吵闹”之意。另外，loud有。如：Pleasespeaklouder.Whoisknockingatthedoorsoloudly?lift/liftvt.是指用人力或机械力量“举起、升起”Pleaseliftyourhandsifyouknowtheanswer.如果知道答案,请举手risevi.常用于表示某物本身“由低处升到高处”，Thewatersoftheriverhasrisenalotaftertheheavyrain.lose/这两个词都有“丢失、失去”loseHelosthisparentswhenhewasyoung.miss有“发现失去”IamafraidthatJimwillmissalotoflessons.我担心将会缺很多课。(3)lostmissing表示“丢失了的，不见了……”Whohasfoundmylost/missingpen?谁发现我丢失了的钢笔？Mymoneyislost/missing.我的钱丢了look/looklike/lookseem均可作连系动词，意为“看起来”look着重于由视觉得出的印象；seemlook/seem+形容词。Mr.Smithlooks/seemsyoungverymuch.先生看上去很年轻。looklike连用构成习语，表示“看上去像……”Thegirllookslikehersister.这和她姐姐长得相像seem后接todoItseemsthat…ThereseemstobeJohnseemstoknowmuch .好象很了解中国Itseemsthattheyknoweachother.Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwithmywatch.lookfor/find/findlookfor寻找”Iamlookingformypen.find找到”IlookedforiteverywherebutIcouldn’tfindit.findout“查明，弄清缘由”，强调经过费时、周折、Atlastthefoundoutwhomurderedtheold最后查明了是谁谋杀了老太太look/see/watch/lookatPleaselookattheblackboard.see指眼所能涉及的范围，表示结果“看见”Canyouseethewordclearly?固定短语：seeafilm;seesb.off（给送行）；letmewatch=lookatsb./sth.carefully“仔细，注视”MayIwatchTVnow?固定短语：watchTVonwatch（值班、守望）；watchafootballThethieflookedaroundthehouse.Whenhemadesurethatnoonewasnoticinghim,hejumpedintotheroomthroughtheopenwindow.read只用于指看书或看其他maybe/maybe是副词，“也许”perhaps。maybeMaybehewon’tcome.maybemay是情态动词，be是连系动词，表示“也许是”Hemaybeamiddleschoolstudent.他可能是个中学生。ShemaybewatchingTVnow.现在她也许在看电视。near/near用作形容词或副词，表示“近”、“接近”，也可作介词，表示“在……附近”Comenearplease.Helivesneartheschool.nearly是副词，意为“几乎”、“将近”TheseasonsoftheyearinEnglandandtheU.S.A.arenearlytheno/noyes相对；no作形容词时，notanotany。如：WehavenoclassesonSunday.=Wedon’thaveanyclassesonnotbe动词，助动词，情态动词后，与谓语动词使用，构成否定意义。Idon’tthinkchickenscanswim.鸡是不会游泳的Idon’tknowyournames.我不知道的名字neither/neither指“（两者）都不……”Iknowneitherofthem.他们俩我都不认识。(2)“neitherof+代词”构成主语，谓语动词用单数。Neitherofthemishere.他们俩没有一个人在这里。(3)none指“（三着或三者以上）都不……”，表示全否定，用于代三者或三者Noneofusthreeknowswherehelives.我们三个人谁也不知道他on/onThisisabookontheradio.aboutThisisabookabouttheradio.Thisisafilmaboutthewomanstar.这是一部关于那个女影星的puton/wear/bedressedin/dressputon表动作，“穿上、戴上”wear表状态，“穿戴着bedressedindressup有“盛装、乔装、打扮”之意，表动作。dressTheboywearsanewcoattoday.这男孩今天穿着一件新大衣。It’scoldoutside.Putonmoreclothes.Thegirlisdressedinaredcoattoday.小今天穿着一件红外衣Shehasdressedupinaredskirtforthey/yy(1)yvt.后接人作宾语，意为“和……比赛”；后接球类名词作宾语（无冠词），意为“打……球”；跟乐器名词（the）意为“弹（拉、奏）”。如：Whoareyougoingtoy?你将和谁比赛？Ilikeyingtennis.我喜欢打网球。Canyouythepiano?你会弹钢琴吗(2)ywith短语中y为不及物动词，后接介词with+sb./意为“玩弄、玩（玩具）、玩耍”It’sdangeroustoywithfire.玩火是的Theboyisyingwithhistoytrain.小男孩在玩他的玩具火车pointat/point二者都含有“指向”pointat含有“指准某个方向”Shepointedatoneofthethings.pointto只表示“指向某一个方向”Hepointedtothemountainsfaraway.联想：shoutatsb.冲着喊；throw…at…把……砸向nt/(1)nt指“栽入土中”，是一种涉及时间较段的动作(2)grow不仅指“种下”，还包括其后培育的过程，涉及的时间较长，-Whatdoesyourfatherdo?-Hegrowsflowers.Don’tnttheflowersbeforemid-April.不要在四月中旬种花problem/question/(1)problem多指“习题，问题”，通常也指要解决或决定的问题，尤其指比较的问题、社会问题。Heisthinkingaboutamathsproblem.Youaregettingfatter.It’saproblem.你长胖了，这可是个问题。(2)question常指由于对某事感到疑惑不解而提出需要解答的问题，askanswer连用。MayIaskaquestion?(3)matter意为“事情”、“问题”，常指遇到意外的麻烦或令人烦恼的“问题”What’sthematterwithyou?receive/这两个词都是及物动词，表示“接到、收到”receive强调“收到、接到”Ireceivedaletteryesterday.昨天我收到了Theyreceiveda accept强调立场上的结果，表“领受、接受”IreceivedhisgiftbutIdidn’tacceptit.我收到了他的，但我没有接受它raisevt.“举起，升高”Pleaseraiseyourhandwhenyouknowtheanswer.risevi.“上升”Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.从东方升起，西方落下rise还可作“起床，起身”解。Heriseearly.rightaway/rightnow/atonce/justrightawayatonceI’llreturnthebookrightaway.rightnowThedoctorisbusyrightnow.I’llgiveyouoneortwoinstancesjustnow.我正要给你举一两个例子。justnow用于过去时的句子里时，表示“刚才”。如：Hecamebackjustnow.send/sendsend含有“派遣、寄送”I’vethoughtaboutit.I’llsendyouthere.Tomsendshismothersomemoneyeverymonth.每个月给他母亲寄点钱sendfor意为“派人去请，派人去拿”，不是本人去请去拿。其宾语可以是人，PleasekeepituntilIsendforit.请把它保存好一直到我派人去拿。Onedayhismotherwasill;shesentforadoctor.spend/take/takeit句型：Ittakessbtimetodosth.Ittookmethreehourstofinishmywork.3spend则用人作主语，常用的句型是“sb.spendstime(in) ngsth.”。Hespent30minutes(in)writingtheletter.他用了30分钟写那封信。cost表示花时间时不能用于表示花具体时间（如几个小时、几天等其宾语多是表示含糊的时间（alongtime,muchtime等），再就是它不能用ngtheworkcosttheworkersalongtime.做这项工作花了工人们很长的时间。cost后面地用于句型“It/sth.costsb.+金钱”，表示“花……钱做某事”TheTVsetcosthim5000yuan.这台电视机花了他5000元。注意：cost—costcost过去式、过去分词和一样。 多用于句型paysthforsthsosothat“以便”、“为了”Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.他起得早为了赶第一班车。sothatcan/may等。so…that“如此……以至……”，thatHeissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfurther.Thefilmissointerestingthathewantstoseeitsound一般指“声音”，指物体间互相碰撞发出voice一般指人或鸟儿发出noise指的是“嘈杂”，即引起人们不愉快的喧闹、嘈杂音。Canyouheartheterriblesoundjustnow?刚才你听到那个可怕了吗？Thefamoussingerhasabeautifulvoice.这位有名的有一副好嗓子。Pleasestopmakingnoises,boys.孩子们，请停止吵闹了。say/ l/say为及物动词，表示“说的内容”，有别人原话之意WangFangsays,”Iamastudent.”说：“我是一个学生。speak为不及物动词，speakatthemeeting,在会上发言，speak后接语言时才作及物动词，speakEnglish说英语。lvt.有“告诫、吩咐、讲述”的意思，lsb.todosth.告诉做某事lastory讲故事，lalie说谎talkvi.主要侧重双方“交谈”，指双方活动；talkwith/tosb.和交谈talkaboutsth.some/一般情况下，some用于肯定句，后接可数或不可数名词；any用于否定句和疑问句，Therearesomebooksonthedesk.书桌上有一些书。Isthereanywaterinthebottle?瓶子里有水吗？some,Wouldyoulikesometea?MayIhavesomemorebread.Iamstillhungry.trytodo/ trytodo和 ng两者意义不同，区别在于trytodosth.“努力去做，尽力做”=tryone’sbesttodo…Hetriedtoclimbthetree.他试着努力爬那棵树。 ngsth.指“尝试做……看看，有何结果”，暗示在这之前已试过Ifnooneanswersthedoor,whynottryknockingthebacktill/till(until)所表示的时间为止。如：You’dbetterstayinbedtilltomorrow.Weworkedtill/untillunchtime.工作到吃午饭的时间用在否定句中，意为“直到……才……”till/Ididn’tknowthefactuntilIreadyourletter.我读了你的信后才知道Shedidn’tgotobedtill/untilshefinishedheruntil,不能用tillUntilhewas16,hehadneverbeenawayfromhisuntil,tillA.Notuntil9o’clockdidthemeetingbegin.直到九点钟会议才开始。B.在Itisnotuntil…that强调句型中。如：Itwasnotuntilthebellrangthatthestudentsstopped直到上课了，学生们才停止谈话thanksfor/thanksthanksfor表示“因为……而表示感谢”Thanksforyourhelp.thanksto有两种意思，作为非惯用法，其一意为“对……的谢意thanks作名词用；其二意为“多亏了……”Pleasegivemythankstoyourparents.请转达我对你的父母亲的谢意。Thankstospacesa lites,theworlditselfis ingamuchsmallerce.多亏有了太空，世界自身才变得towards/这两个词都有“向、朝、对于”towards表示“向着某个方向”，没有“到达”Theysawadogcomingtowardsthem.tocome\go\move\return等动词后,表示“向、往”,有“到达”ItwasrainingwhenIcametoschoolthisvery/quite/rather/这四个词都是副词，表示“很、十分”very没有褒贬之义，中性词。verygood/bad/quite带有褒义，有“赞扬、赞美”之意。quitegood/rather带有贬义，有“批评”、“鄙视”之意。ratherfattoo也带有贬义，在这些词中程度最大，有“过于”、“太……”。toonoisy太噪，toofat太胖。what…for/what…forwhy都可译为“为什么”动词不定式来回答；whybecause①Whatdoyouwantasciencelabfor?你要干什么②-WhatdidTomcomeherefor?为什么到这里来-Hecametoborrowmybike.③-Whywereyoulateforschool?你为什么上学-BecauseIdidn’tcatchthebus.whether/Peopleoftenaskmewhether/ifIlikefootball.人们常问我是否喜欢。if,whether。whetherornotIdon’tknowwhetherornothewouldcomeforourwhether引导的（主语）Whetherthisisrightornot,Ican’tsay.这事对与不对，我说Whetheryouwillgoisnoneofmybusiness.(3)whethertodosth.Hehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.noise,sound,﹡noise指的是人们不愿意听到的“噪声”表示“噪音喧闹声”，一般指嘈杂吵闹等令人不快如：Thenoiseofthestreetkeptmeawake.街上的吵闹声让我睡不着。Thenoiseoftherainnearlydrownedoutourconversation.雨声大如：Allofasuddentherewasthesoundofshotsandacry.突然，有了枪响声和哭声。如：Didyouhearthestrangesoundfromthenextroomthismorning?今天早上你是否听到隔壁房间发出的怪声音？﹡voice则指说话和唱歌的“嗓音”。一般指人说话，唱歌或笑。如：Thelittlegirlhasabeautifulvoice.这个小有一副好嗓子。Thesingerhaslostherringingvoiceasaresultofabadcold.嗓音。queue,row,﹡queue表示“行列”、“长队”，指由排队等候的人或车辆组成的队列，queue是英国英语、英语用line.例如：Theyarewaitinginaqueue.Or,Theyarewaitingin(a)line.他们正在排队等候。﹡row表示“排；行”（行）IaminRowOne.﹡line表示“排；行”，指一排（行）queuerowline前面的不定冠词可以省略，而queue,row前面的不定冠词不能省略。例如：Pleaselookatpage8,line5.请看第八页第五行。Theyarestandingin(a)line.(Theyarestandinginarow.)sick,这两个词都表示“生病的，有病的”，﹡ill是英国用语和分别是worse和worst,它是一个表语形容词例如：Shewasillinbed，Sheisillwithacough.﹡sick表示“生病的”意思时是常见的美语用法。其实它还表示“作