英语学习方法提升阅读能力猜词技巧

英语学习方法提升阅读能力的猜词技巧一、定义猜词法即依照定义猜想词义的方法。需要定义或讲解的单词或短语大多是专出名词、冷清词或文中的要点词，作者为了使读者正确理解它们，就得做出较简单的讲解或说明。例一：Giraffeisananimalwithaverylongneck,fourlegsandorangeskinwithdarkspots.依照后边对Giraffe的讲解，它的词义为“长颈鹿”。例二：Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.由定义可知Anthropology的词义为“研究人类的科学”即“人类学”。例三：Whatisplagiarism?Itisusingothers’ideasandwordswithoutclearlymentioningwheretheinformationisfrom.依照定义我们知道plagiarism的词义为“剽窃”。二、定语从句定语从句对先行词起限制、修饰或讲解作用，因此我们能够利用定语从句来推断先行词的词义。例一：SecondgenerationPuertoRicanswhowereborninNewYorkbutwhohavereturnedtotheisland,arecalledNuvoricans.Nuvoricans的词义能够由SecondgenerationPuertoRicans后边的两个定语从句来获取，即生在纽约，后又回到波多黎各的人。例二：Psychophysiologyisasciencewhichdealswiththerelationshipbetweenmindandbody.依照定语从句我们能够看出Psychophysiology的意思为“身心联系的科学”，即“心理生理学”。三、同位短语或同位语从句同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连结，有时也用破折号、分号、引号和括号连结。例一：AccordingtoareportpublishedontheBritishmedicalmagazine,TheLancet,astudyoftenGermanmobilephoneusersfoundthatwhentheyturnedontheirphones,theirbloodpressuregoesupby5to10millimetersofmercury.依照句法构造的知识，我们知道TheLancet是theBritishmedicalmagazine的同位语，由此可知TheLancet是一个杂志的名称。例二：Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.两个逗号中间的短语thestudyofthemeaningofwords是Semantics的同位语，意为“对词义进行研究的科学”，即“语义学”。四、比较构造搜寻文中相互比较、相互比较的线索来确定生词的含义。在此类文章中，平常会出现一些表表示义转折、比较的词语：however,but,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,insteadof,while,unlike,not,although,yet,despite,inspiteof,incontrast,etc.例一：Agoodsupervisorcanrecognizeinstantlytheadeptworkersfromtheunskilledones.依照句法构造可知

theadeptworkers

和

the

unskilled

ones.为比较关系，意义相反。由

theunskilledones

可推出

theadeptworkers

为熟练工人。例二：Someonelikedmilk,butothersabhorredit.经过but我们知道abhor是like的反义词，意为“厌恶”。五、并列平行构造它表表示义上的并列或相似关系。表示并列关系的词语为and,similarly,like,justas,also,etc.例一：Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesnothavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnacleria,anEvastonmotheroftwo,aged4and18months.分号前后为两个并列平行的分句，后一句意为“寿辰聚会能够充满快乐、乐趣”，我们能够推断hassle意为“纷乱”。例二：FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique.baffled和beaten为并列平行关系，依照beaten能够推断出baffled意为“难倒，使受挫，阻截”之意。例三：Johnlovestotalk,andhissistersaresimilarlyloquacious.依照and和similarly判断短语lovestotalk和loquacious.之间为同义比较，意为“健谈的”。六、因果关系它也是推断词义的一种重要方式。我们能够经过结果推断原因，亦可经过原因推断结果。例句：Thegirlbegantofeelhomesickbecauseshehadbeenawayfromherfamilyforyears.依照原因状语从句和homesick自己的构词方法，我们推断它的词义为“想家的”。七、举例法即经过生词后边所举的例子来推断生词的含义。例句：Inthisreadingroom,youcanfindalmostallperiodicalsinChina,suchas:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageinSchool,EnglishLearningorReaders.我们依照后边所举的例子，不难推断出periodicals是“期刊”之意。八、语境线索或上下文即利用语境来推断生词含义的方法。这是我们用来推断词义的主要方法之一。例一：Thedaysofelderlywomendoingnothingbutcookinghugemealsonholidaysaregone.EntertheRedHatSociety—agroupholdingthebeliefthatoldladiesshouldhavefun.“Mygrandmothersdidnotdoanything,butkeephouseandserveeverybody,theywereprogrammedtodothat,

”

saidEmilyCornette,headofachapterofthe7-year-oldRedHatSociety.依照上下文我们能够很简单得出chapter的词义为这个组织theRedHatSociety的一个分支。例二：Asregardsthedevelopmentofmoralstandardsinthegrowingchild,consistency(素来性)isveryimportantteaching.Toforbidathingonedayandexcuseitthenextisnofoundationformorality(

道德).Also,parentsshouldrealizethat

“exampleisbetterthanprecept

”.Iftheyarenotsincereanddon’tpracticewhattheypreach(teach),theirchildrenmaygrowconfused,andemotionallyinsecure(不牢固)whentheygrowoldenoughtothinkforthemselves,andrealizetheyhavebeentosomeextentfooled.依照上下文我们可知precept的词义为“说教”。例三：Herearesomesimplewaystobeatthestressoftencausedbyourinventions!Don’tbeavailableallthetime.Turnoffyourmobilephoneatcertaintimesoftheday.Don’tcheckyoure-maileveryday.Don’treplytosomebodyassoonastheyleaveatextmessagejustbecauseyoucan.Itmaybefunatfirst,butitsoongetsannoying.依照语境我们知道available的词义为“可与之发言的”或“有空的”。例四：Wefoundthatbaratlast.Ididn’thavetoaskagain,forthereitwasinbiglettersoverthewindow—StarBar.Thereweresomeirontablesoutsidewithplasticchairsaroundthem.Afewpeoplesatlistlesslyaround,lookingataportabletelevisionsetthatsomeonehadbroughtoutofthebar.Theywereallinthinsummerdressesorshortsleeved-shirts;evenatthatlatehouritwasstifling.Twothindogslayunderoneofthetableswiththeirtonguesout,andsomeofthewomenwerefanningthemselvesunenthusiastically(没精打采的)withmagazines.依照语境我们猜出stifling的词义为“极热的”。九、标点符号的表示例一：Thedaysofelderlywomendoingnothingbutcookinghugemealsonholidaysaregone.EntertheRedHatSociety—agroupholdingthebelieft