英语专业试析《红字》的女主人公

郑州大学西亚斯国际学院试析《红字》的女主人公AnAnalysisoftheHeroineinTheScarletLetter姓名学籍号专业英语级别系别国际教育学院指导教师填表日期：年4月20日AnAnalysisoftheHeroineinTheScarletLetter试析《红字》的女主人公IDNO.20061103137YuanTian(JaneYuan)SubmittedasapartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsfortheDegreeofBachelorofEnglishSIASInternationalCollegeofZhengzhouUniversityApril20,2010FacultyAdvisor:ZhangFengweiAcknowledgementIwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoallthosewhohelpedmeduringthewritingofthethesis.MydeepestgratitudegoesfirstandforemosttoMs.ZhangFengwei,mysupervisor,forherconstantencouragementandguidance.Withoutherilluminatinginstruction,insightfulcriticismandguidance,thecompletionofthisthesiswouldnothavebeenpossible.Second,IwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoMs.HanXimiao,wholedmeintotheworldofliterature.IamalsogreatlyindebtedtotheprofessorsandteachersattheDepartmentofForeignLanguages,fromwhosedevotedteachingandenlighteninglecturesIhavebenefitedalotandacademicallypreparedforthethesis.Lastmythankswouldgotomybelovedfamilyfortheirlovingconsiderationsandgreatconfidenceinmeallthroughtheseyears.Ialsoowemysinceregratitudetomyfriendsandmyfellowclassmateswhogavemetheirhelpandhelpedmeworkoutmyproblemsduringthedifficultcourseofthethesis.AbstractNathanielHawthorne(1804—1864),anovelistandshortstorywriter,isanimportantfigureinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.Thescarletletter,Hawthorne’smasterpiece,tellsasimpleanddramaticstory.Itwasverypopularandwidelyread.IthasbeenconsideredtobethemostfamousworkofHawthorne.AsfortheheroineHesterPrynnewhosufferedhumiliationinthisnovel,somethinkthatshepossessesacouragewhichdarestorebel.SomeholdthatHesteristheweakwhosubmitstofate.ThispaperattemptstoanalyzethecompromiseandrebellionofHesterPrynneandthereasonsofdualcharacterofHesterPrynne.Thisthesismainlyconsistsoffourchapters.Thefirstchapterisanintroduction.ThesecondchaptermainlyfocusesonthedualcharacterofHesterPrynnewhichincludescompromiseandrebellion.ThethirdchaptertouchesonthereasonsofdualcharacterofHesterPrynnefromtheperspectivesofreasonsofHesterPrynne’scompromiseandreasonsofHesterPrynne’srebellion.Thefourthchapterisaconclusion.Keywords:HesterPrynne,compromise,rebellion,reason摘要纳撒尼尔·霍桑（1804-1864）作为美国小说家以及短篇小说作家，是美国文学史上的一个重要人物。他的代表作《红字》讲述了一个简单而又富有戏剧性的故事,但却是一部非常流行并被广泛阅读的小说，被认为是霍桑最著名的作品。对于小说中的这位饱受凌辱的女主人公海斯特·白兰，一些人认为她具有一种敢于反抗的勇气；一些人则认为她是屈从命运的弱者。这篇论文主要分析海斯特的妥协性和反抗性这一双重性格以及它形成的原因。本文主要由四章构成。第一章是简介。第二章论述了海斯特妥协性与反抗性并存的双重性格。第三章从构成海斯特的妥协性和反抗性的两种性格的原因角度论述了海斯特双重性格形成的根源。第四章是结论。关键词：海斯特·白兰，妥协性，反抗性，原因OutlineIIntroduction……………1 IIDualCharacterofHeroineHesterPrynne…..22.1HesterPrynne’sCompromise…..………………22.2HesterPrynne’sRebellion………4IIIReasonsofDualCharacterofHesterPrynne……………...83.1ReasonsofHesterPrynne’sCompromise……………...83.2ReasonsofHesterPrynne’sRebellion…9IVConclusion10Bibliography12AnAnalysisoftheHeroineoftheScarletLetterIIntroductionNathanielHawthorne(1804—1864),anovelistandshortstorywriter,isanimportantfigureinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.HeattendedBowdoinCollege(1821—1824).IntheschoolhisfriendsincludedLongfellowandFranklinPierce,whobecamethe14thpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Asiswellknown,whateversocietyitis,especiallytheclasssociety,itisfullofconflicts.NathanielHawthornewholivedinthe19thcenturyinAmericapossessedadeeplyPuritanconsciousnessandNewEnglandTranscendentalism.ThiskindofbackgrounddeterminedthatHawthornewasasuspiciousperson.HerealizedthatPuritanismhadgreatlysuppressedthehumannatureandbroughtdestructiontopeople’slife,buthecouldnotgetridofsuchculturaltraditionswhichinfluencedhimimperceptibly.Hawthorne’sbest-knownworksincludeTheScarletLetterandTheHouseofTheSevenGables.Ofthetwofamousworks,TheScarletLetterwasverypopularandwidelyread.IthasbeenconsideredtobethemostfamousworkofHawthorne.ThisnoveltellsthestoryofHesterPrynnewhohasababyafteradulterywithayoungpastorandleadsanewlife.TheheroineHesterofTheScarletLetterpossessesadualcharacterofrebellionandcompromisebecauseofHawthorne’sbackgroundandthePuritancommunityoftheday.TheScarletLetterarousesmoreandmoreinterestsandattentionsfromgenerationtogenerationbecauseofitspoeticlanguage,itsfluentwordsanditskeenpsychologicalanalysis,etc.AsfortheheroineHesterPrynnewhosufferedhumiliationinthisnovel,somethinkthatshepossessesacouragewhichdarestorebel.SomeholdthatHesteristheweakwhosubmitstofate.ThispaperattemptstoanalyzethecompromiseandrebellionofHesterPrynneandthereasonsofdualcharacterofHesterPrynne.Thisthesismainlyconsistsoffourchapters.Thefirstchapterisanintroduction.ThesecondchaptermainlyfocusesonthedualcharacterofHesterPrynnewhichincludescompromiseandrebellion.ThethirdchaptertouchesonthereasonsofdualcharacterofHesterPrynnefromtheperspectivesofreasonsofHesterPrynne’scompromiseandreasonsofHesterPrynne’srebellion.Thefourthchapterisaconclusion.IIDualCharacterofHeroineHesterPrynne2.1HesterPrynne’sCompromise.TheheroineHesterPrynnewasayoungandbeautifulwoman.Shehadanaffairwithsomeoneunknowntothecommunityshelivedin.BecauseshehadmarriedtoanoldmanRogerChillingworth,Hester’sbehaviorwasconsideredtobeadultery.UnderthepressureofthePuritancommunityHesterpresentedhercompromiseononeside.Firstly,itwassuchacommunitythatcompelledHesterPrynnetowearascarletletteraspunishmentforgivingbirthtoanillegitimatechild.ThefirstandmostobviousisthatHester’s“A”standsforadulterywhichmeanswomen’sfrailtyandsinfulpassion.Atthebeginningofthenovel,everyonearoundHestersawthatshewaspregnantandthatshegavebirthtoachildwhothenlivedbyherside.Thechildwasareminderofwhatshewasandhaddoneinpubliceyes.Hesterobeyedpeoplelivinginthecommunityandwore“A”onthebreastofhergown.Thatmeansshehadcompromisedwiththesocietyonthismatter.Shefeltashamedofherbehaviors.Thiscanbeseeninthewayshewore“A”onherbreasttoshowherselftothecommunity.Shedressedingrayanddarkcolor:ThereseemedtobenolongeranythinginHester’sfaceforlovetodwellupon;nothinginHester’sform,thoughmajesticandstatue-like,thatPassionwouldeverdreamofclaspinginitsembrace;nothinginHester’sbosomtomakeiteveragainthepillowofAffection.(Hawthorne158)Secondly,Hestershowshercompromisebyherfailuretocompletelyachieveherpursuitforhappinessandlove.TheNorthAmericacolonialsocietyinthe17thcentury,whereHesterlivedin,wasdominatedbythereligioustheocracy,graduallypoisoninghuman’sspiritlikeopium.EventhoughHesterhadastrongdesiretopursueahappylife,therestrictionofthereligiousbeliefforcedhercompromise.Deepdownherheart,HesteradmittedthesacredlovewithDimmesdale,atthesametimeshedeemedherselftohaveviolatedthereligiousdoctrines.Theletter“A”shewasalwayswearingshowedthattheotherswereallsinnersifshewasasinner,butshetriedtoconsiderherselfasthegreatestsinner.TheoccasionallyencounterwithDimmesdalebroughthermomentaryrelief,butsoonafterthatshewasfilledupwithregretsandsinsagain.Tobreakdownthecaptivityoftheingrainedreligiousdoctrines,Hesterhadendeavoredtochangeherlife,however,eventuallyallherattemptshadbeenprovedtobeinvain,trappingherselfinthehugesuffocatinginvisiblenetandstrugglingtodeath.Thirdly,nowthatshecannotgetridofthesenseofguilt,aswellasshebelievestheexistenceofGod,shehastofearthepunishmentofGoduponher,especiallyuponheronlybaby—Pearl.Everydaysheanxiouslywatchedherchildwhogrewupgradually.AndshewasafraidoffindingagloomyorwildpersonalityonPearl.Hester’sfearwasconsistentwiththesinbecauseofgivingthebirthofthebaby.Althoughshedreamilyrealizedtherootofwomen’sliberationthatistooverthrowthewholesocialsystem,Hestermistakenlybelievedthathermisfortunewascausedbyherownbehaviors.Shedidnotfullybelieveinreligion.Andsheevendeniedreligiouslaw.However,shehopedherdaughtertobecomeadevoutChristian.ItseemsthataslongasPearlstrictlyactedinaccordancewiththePuritanlaws,Pearlcouldavoidthesamefateasherownone.2.2HesterPrynne’sRebellionEventhoughsheshowshercompromiseunderthepressureofthePuritancommunity,Hesterdoesnotsubmittofateandnevershowsregretsforwhatshehasdone.Sheshowsherrebellionwell.Firstly,HesterhasapassionateandloyallovetoherloverDimmesdale.Hesterasanabstractscarletlettercamefromahumblebackground.Herparentswereimpoverishedbuthonest.SheheardnomoreofherhusbandafterhestayedinEnglandtwoyearsago.SoHesterchosetofallinlovewithDimmesdale.AndalsoHesterbelievedthatherloveforDimmesdalewasjustandreasonable.Lovewashumanity’sinstinct.However,theChristiancultureofthedaydeniedthis.AccordingtoChristreligiousdoctrine,aserpenttemptedAdamandEvetoeattheforbiddenfruitintheGardenofEden.ThenAdamandEvestartedtounderstandtheloveandreproducedhumanbeingsbythemselveswithoutGod’screation.Thatitselfwasanoriginalsin.SoasforextramaritalrelationshipsbetweenHesterandherlover,peoplethoughtitviolatedtheseventhcommandmentofChristian.Therefore,almostallofpeopleinthecommunityconsideredherasasinfulwomanbecauseofherloveforDimmesdale.Thankfully,though,Hesterwaslonelyinthecommunitywithoutanyonetorelyon,shewasspirituallystrongandhadthewillpower.ItisbelievedthatHesterisreallyadmirablebecauseofherperseverancewithloveandunswervingloyaltytoherlover.EventhoughbeconsideredguiltybythePuritan,sheisinnocent,pure,andguiltless.Inaword,HesterlovesDimmesdalewithallofherheart.Secondly,Hesteralwaysdoesthegoodthingstothepeoplebesideshertoshowsherrebellion.Shehaschangedthemeaningof“A”gradually.AlthoughsheleadsanausterelifeandlivesfornothingmateriallyHesterembroidersherown“A”withherspecialwaysandwildimagine.Sinceshewearsrough-texturedanddarkandplainclothesHestermustwearthe“A”ofthescarletletter.Sheregards“A”asaveryvaluableornamentinsteadofasignofhumiliation.Thescarletletter“A”whichisfloridandbrightmaybesignifyherloverArthur.Maybeitsymbolizesheridealfaith—America.SomethinkthatHestershowsthegreatestself-deception.TheyholdHesterbelievesthatshecanchangeherhumannatureandmakeupforwhatsheisandhasdonethroughhercharitableactswithinthecommunity.Shehasbecomeanembodimentofmercy,butshehasnocharityinherheart.Infact,itisnotso.Hesterisabraveandadmirablewomanwhoshalleternizewithher“A”.TheinhabitantlivinginthecommunityheldthatHestershouldfeelrepentantwhenshewore“A”onherbreast.Butshedidnot.Sheheldthatchangeshouldcomefromsociety,notwithinherself.ShegavebirthtoachildPearl.SheassertedthatPearlkeptherinlife.ShemadePearltobeanuncontrollablechildwhowassubjectedtohyperactivity,badtemper.Evenherbehaviorcouldbeclassifiedaswild.Pearlwasalwaysdepictedasnature’schild.Whiletheotherchildreninthecommunityplayedgamestaughtbysocietyandtheirparents,Pearlplayedintheforestandbytheseashorewithlivingfloraandfauna.Theletter“A”Pearlmakesforherselfisnotred,butgreen—nature’scolor.Ultimately,Hesterbeginstosensethatmanypeoplebesidesherselfwearscarletletterontheirdressesorbreasts,eventhosewithreputationsforpietyandpurity:Couldtheybeotherthantheinsidiouswhispersofthebadangel,whowouldfainhavepersuadedthestrugglingwoman,asyetonlyhalfhisvictim,thattheoutwardguiseofpuritywasbutalie,andthat,iftruthwereeverywheretobeshown,ascarletletterwouldblazeforthonmanyabosombesidesHesterPrynne’s?...Sometimestheredinfamyuponherbreastwouldgiveasympatheticthrob,asshepassednearavenerableministerormagistrate,themodelofpietyandjustice,towhomthatageofantiquereverencelookedupastoamoralmaninfellowshipwithangels.(Hawthorne90)Thirdly,Hesterexhibitsherself-relianceandindependenceinsteadofgivinginwhenfacingtheCommunity’saccusation.HestersupportedbothherselfandhercleverchildPearlwithherskillfulneedlework.Shefeltfreetopursueherownlifeinherownway.Theauthorreallyadmiresheraboutherunremittingpursuitforlife.Shehadalwaysbeenstruggledforherdreamandherchild.HerdreamoraimwastomakeherselfandPearlliveawonderfulandfreelife.Onlyafterabitterstrugglewastheaimachieved.Thoughshamedinfrontofherpeopleforadulterousact,Hesterstoodproudandunrepentantwithherchildwhosearrivaltrumpetedhersin.Hesterisasymbolofself-reliancebecauseshestaysloyaltoherselfbydaringtolivebeyondthepettyrulesofPuritansociety:Shehathgoodskillatherneedle,that’scertain,”remarkedoneofherfemalespectators;“butdideverawoman,beforethisbrazenhussy,contrivesuchawayofshowingit!Why,gossips,whatisitbuttolaughinthefacesofourgodlymagistrates,andmakeaprideoutofwhatthey,worthygentlemen,meantforapunishment?”“Itwerewell,”mutteredthemostiron-visagedoftheolddames,“ifwestrippedMadamshehashstitchedsocuriously,Iwillbestowaragofmineownrheumaticflannel,tomakeafitterone!(Hawthorne61)Fourthly,Hesterisbravetofacerealityandstrugglestocreateanewlifeofdignity.ThecommunitywasangrythatHesterhadmadeatauntofherpunishment“A”bymakingthissymbolofadulteryintoagorgeousdecoration.Sheimmediatelyembroideredthescarletletterwithgoldthread:Onthebreastofhergown,infineredclothsurroundedwithanelaborateembroideryandfantasticflourishesofgoldthread,appearedtheletter“A”.Itwassoartisticallydone,andwithsomuchfertilityandgorgeousluxurianceoffancy,thatithadalltheeffectofalastandfittingdecorationtotheapparelwhichshewore;andwhichwasofasplendorinaccordancewiththetasteoftheage,butgreatlybeyondwhatwasallowedbythesumptuaryregulationsofthecolony.(Hawthorne60)Nearlyeveryoneinthecommunityrealizedtheimpertinenceofwhatshehaddonetocontradicttheawfulmeaningofthescarletletter.Thecommunityrevealedthatitregardedhumannature,especiallypassion,tobedevilishwhenitforcedHestertowear“A”ofscarletaspunishment.Hesterwastryingtochangeherreality,tomakeitprettierthanitreallyis.EventhoughshedidnottakeawaythescarletletterpubliclywhenChillingworthtoldherthatthepeopleinthetownsaidshemightsevenyearslater.Shedidtakeitoffprivatelyintheforest.HerbehaviorandherchildPearl’sviolentreactiontotheremovalof“A”seemtosuggestthatshehasnotadmittedthetruthofherpassionatenatureevensevenyearslater.Asherartdoes,“Likeallotherjoys,sherejecteditasasin.”(83)Shealwaysbelievesthatchangeshouldcomefromsociety,notwithinherself.Asthenarratortells,“Thescarletletterhadnotdoneitsoffice.”(99)Inotherwords,Hesterhasbeenatoddswithherfateforherwholelifetime.Shelongsforpeacefulandfreelifeandisfullofloveandtendernessinherheart.Thesethingsmakeitpossibleforhertosurvivetheisolationandhumiliationgivenbythecommunityandtohaveahappyandsatisfactorylife.Finally,PearlisalsoasymbolofHester’srebellionbecausesheistheresultofHester’sadultery.Pearlalwaysaskedhermotherwhyhermotherworetheletterandwhatitmeans.Thenasalittlegirl,Pearlshowedafascinationwiththeletterandcontinuallytoucheditandthrewwildflowersatit.IntheforestwhenHestertookoffthescarletletter,PearlwouldnotquietdownuntilHesterhaditbackonherdress.Pearlevenmadeherselfan“A”fromgreenseaweed:Asthelasttouchtohermermaid’sgarb,Pearltooksomeeelgrass,andimitated,asbestshecould,onherownbosom,thedecorationwithwhichshewassofamiliaronhermother’s.Aletter-theletter“A”-butfreshlygreen,insteadofscarlet!(Hawthorne171)IIIReasonsofDualCharacterofHesterPrynne3.1ReasonsofHesterPrynne’sCompromiseHesterPrynneshowsherdualcharacterinthisnovel.Andwhatarethereasonsforhercompromise?Inthefirstplace,asiswellknown,Hawthornepossessesaquitecomplicatedworldoutlook.HechoselovetragedyasthethemeofTheScarletLetter.Thushefellintopuzzlinginconsistencydeeply.ThereasonwhyHestershowshercompromiseononesideisHawthorne’sbackground.PuritanNewEnglandisthesettingforHawthorne’sTheScarletLetter.HawthornewasinfluenceddeeplybythePuritansystemofbelief.ThePuritangovernmentandPuritanreligionwerevirtuallyrelevant.Thepastorsexercisedthebigpoliticalpowertothegovernmentofficials.Theministersheldabsoluteauthority.WhenHesterknewthatherchildhadtobetakenfromher,Hestercametothegovernor’shalltopleadthatherchildshouldstaywithher.ThegovernmenttoldherthatthiswastheresultofauthorityandPuritan.Thecommunity’sleadersweretheso-calledauthority.Theywereharshandgrimtothepeople.Theyhadbecomethenewdominator:Inthatoldday,theEnglishsettlerontheserudeshores-havingleftkind,nobles,andalldegreesofawfulrankbehind,whilestillthefacultyandnecessityofreverencewerestronginhim-bestoweditonthewhitehairandvenerablebrowofage…onendowmentsofthatgraveandweightyorderwhichgivestheideaofpermanenceandcomesunderthegeneraldefinitionofrespectability.(Hawthorne222)Secondly,Hester’scompromiseiscloselyrelatedtoHawthorne’sownideology.HawthornewasborninanimpoverishednoblefamilyinNewEngland.HelivedinSalemTownshipwhenhewasyoung.SohewasinfluenceddeeplybyCalvinismandlocalreligiousandculturalideology.WhenhefacedtherapideconomicdevelopmentofcapitalismandmajorchangesofsocialstructureinAmerica,Hawthornealwayspresentedaverycomplexambivalence.Ontheonehand,hedaredtoattackCalvinismaboutitsharmfulreligiousfanaticismandstiflingreligiousdogma.HewantedtopursueanabstractbeautyintheUnitedStatesbyimagination.Thatwasakindofperfectspiritualrealmwhichtranscendedworldlinessandreachedholiness.Ontheotherhand,Hawthornesawtheworldwiththeconceptofgoodandevilwhichhadastrongreligiousflavor.Hebelievedthattherootofallsocialproblemsandtheconflictbetweenpeoplewastheinherentevilintheworld.Thushestrengthenedtheconceptsontheoriginalsin,andinternalcorruptioninCalvinism.Therefore,heconfirmedtheseriousnessofearlyPuritananddeconstructedHester’scourageandsenseofresistancebasedontheconceptoforiginalsininCalvinism.UnderhispenHesteralsopresentedthecompromisebecauseofherdeep-rootedreligiousbelief.HawthornewhoembodiedadenseChristiancultureportrayedHesterPrynneasawomanwhofrequentlypresentedhercompromise.Thatis,shedidnotrebelthesocietythoroughlybecauseofHawthorne’sideology.Inaword,theoriginalsinisthebeginningandendofHesterPrynne’scompromise.ThePuritanismhasanimpactonHester’scompromise.NathanielHawthorne’ideologyhasalsoacertaininfluenceonHesterPrynne’scompromise.3.2ReasonsofHesterPrynne’sRebellionNextthisthesiswillexposethereasonforHesterPrynne’srebellion.Althoughshewore“A”onherbreast,Hesterstillbelievedthatshehadtherighttopursuehappiness.Thatwasbecauseshehadalwaysmaintainedafreshideaofrebellioninherheart.HawthornestressedHester’scharacterofbraveryandrebellionbasedonthecriticismofreligiousbigotryanddestructionofhumanity.Althoughsheviolatedtheban,Hesterstillinsistedthatshepossessedtherighttopursuehappinessandfreedom.Hesterheldanoptimisticoutlookonlifeanddaredtofacereality.Sherealizedthemistakesshehaddone,butsheneverregrettedhermistakes.Whenshecamefromprisontobeginbearingherpublicpunishment,Hesterwhoworean“A”foradulterysewnonherdressrefusedtorevealthenameofherloverDimmesdale.ThusitcanbeseenthatHesterhadalwaysthoughtthatthelovebetweenherandDimmesdaleisreasonable.Shepossessedastrongspiritofrebellionandstruggle.Althoughitwasnotenoughforhertorebelthesocietywithherpersonalpower,shehadshowntheclearstanceofanti-secularismandanti-religion.Whatmadehersostrongwashercourageandoptimism.Shehadafaithtosurvivetheworld.Thisbeliefwasthatthe“A”cannotbreak.Shedaredtodespitetheauthorityandpossessedastrongspiritofrebellion.Hesterimmediatelyandrichlyembroideredthescarletletterwithgoldthread.Thisbehaviorsuggeststhatshedarestochallengetotheauthority.Thecommunitywasangryaboutherbehavior.IVConclusionInconclusion,Hesterisabraverebellionwoman,butsheisnotafirmrebelbecauseofhercompromise.ThisisnotonlybecauseofthefetterandoppressionfromthePuritancommunitybutalsobecauseofHawthorne’sbackgroundandexperience.ItishercompromisewithinherbraveryandrebellionthataccountfortheinfluenceofbothromanticismandPuritanideasonHawthorne.ThatisthetruereflectionofHawthorne’sidealandreality.Hestercarriesonasasingleparentwithgraceandfortitude,demonstratinganintellectandcouragethatonecouldargueisatleastequaltothetwomeninherlife,ChillingworthandDimmesdale.Sheistheonlywinnerinthetrianglerelationshiptheyform;byheractionsshewinsbackherplaceinsociety.Superficially,TheScarletLetterisalegendabouttheadulteryandothercatastrophicconsequences.ButitrevealsthecomplexsocialproblemsinAmericanin1990s.Hawthorneexpresseshisideasinlove,religiousbeliefandfemaleconsciousnessinTheScarletLetter.Asisshown,thenineteenthcenturywasatimeofgreatprudishnessinAmerica.NewEnglandhadapoliticalsystemofcombiningreligiouswithpoliticalrulein1950s.Religionhadinternalizedintohuman’snature.ThewholenovelofTheScarletLetterunderlinesthespiritofevilandthereligiousconstraint.AndHesterbecomesavictimofthereligiousrestrictions.Thetruenatureofeveryhumanisbothsinfulandangelic,somberandjoyful,selfishandloving.BibliographyBell,Millicent.NewessaysonHawthorne’smajortales.NewYork:CambridgeUP,1993.Claudia,DurstJohnson.UnderstandingTheScarletLetter,AStudentCasebooktoIssue,Sources,andHistoricalDocuments.NewYork:OxfordUP,1989.Cushman,StephenandPaulNewlin.NationofLetters.NewYork:BrandywinePress,1998.Hawthorne,Nathaniel.TheScarletLetter.Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress,1992.Riss,Arthur.Race,Slavery,andLiberalisminNineteenth-centuryAmericanLiterature.NewYork:CambridgeUP,2006.Chang,Yaoxin.[常耀信],美国文学简史.天津:南开大学出版社,1990.Hu,Yunheng.[胡允桓],霍桑短篇小说选.北京:外文出版社,2000.Wu,Fuheng.[吴富恒],美国作家论.山东:山东教育出版社,1999.目录TOC\o"1-2"\h\z\u第一章总论 1第一节项目背景 1第二节项目概况 2第二章项目建设必要性 5第三章市场分析与建设规模 7第一节汽车市场需求分析 7第二节市场预测 12第三节项目产品市场分析 13第四节建设规模 16第四章场址选择 17第一节