概要写作微技能训练

概要写作微技能训练——如何提炼与处理次要点段落中前后有转折关系的，主要点在后面转折部分，前面的信息要适当选用（尤其是字数较多的情况下），用while/although/despite/inspiteof等引出。例1:Avegetariandietisoftenpraisedforitshealthbenefits.Studieshaveshownthatvegetariansusuallyhavelowerlevelsofheartdiseaseandalowerriskofdiabetesthanpeoplewhoeatmeat.Whatmostpeoplearelessawareof,however,aretheeffectsthatavegetariandietcanhaveontheenvironment.要点： 【牛刀小试】Itistoolatetodoanythingtohelpmanylanguages,wherethespeakersaretoofewortooold,andwherethecommunityistoobusyjusttryingtosurvivetocareabouttheirlanguage.Butmanylanguagesarenotinsuchaseriousposition.Oftenwherelanguagesareseriouslyendangered,therearethingsthatcanbedonetogivenewlifetothem.要点： 当段落中出现firstly,secondly,finally或also,besides,what'smore,inaddition,moreover等表示递进关系的连接词时，这些次要点都需要提取。可采用平行结构（几个次要点都采用相同的句法结构）合并次要点。例2:Fromonepointofview,peoplewhoacceptchangesthinkthatchangesmaketheirlifemeaningful.Firstly,changescreatenewopportunities,whichmakeusleapforward.Anewjob,forinstance,mightpresentchallengesthatpushthepersontoadapt,acquirenewknowledge,oraddtotheirskillset.Secondly,achangecanrepresentabreakwiththepastandanoldroutinewhichhasbecomeboringandpredictable.Finally,aswellasmakinglifemorefunandinteresting,newexperiencescanbegoodforourphysicalandmentalhealth.Wefindthatchangescanmakeusexperiencedandvaluable.要点： 【牛刀小试】①However,areportfromthePewInternetandAmericanLifeProjectoffersamorehelpfulandencouragingview,suggestingthatfarfromreplacinghumancontact,technologycanactuallybetterfamilyrelationships.Justoverhalfofthe2,253peoplesurveyedagreedthattechnologyhadenabledthemtoincreasetheircontactwithdistantfamilymembersand47percentsaidithadimprovedthecommunicationwiththepeopletheylivedwith.Moreover,eventheclosestmembersoffamiliesneedtimeawayfromeachotheratsomepointtoseektheirowninterests.Familymemberswhomightotherwisehavesatinseparateroomscannowbeinthesameonewhilestilloccupyingadifferentmentalspace.②Althoughtherearemanybenefits,opponentspointoutproblemswiththenewrequirements.First,theyarguethatthemainreasonwhystudentsgotoschoolistolearncoresubjectsandskills.Becauseservicelearningistime-consuming,studentsspendlesstimestudyingthecoresubjects.Second,theybelievethatforcingstudentstoworkwithoutpaygoesagainstthelaw.Byrequiringservice,theschooltakesawayastudent'sfreedomtochoose.要点： 当段落有主题句，而主题句表达的意思不够明确时，需要补充次要点。在概写时可选择与主题句中心词汇(benefits/problems/solutions/advantages/disadvantages等)相关的内容作为补充的次要点，用like,suchas,非限制性定语从句或破折号等补充说明。也可直接把次要点中的内容单独成句。例3:Therearemanybenefitsofhavinggreenspacestotheurbanlandscape.Addinggardenstorooftopsorwallscancreateapleasantenvironment—whatwasonceagraycement(水泥)wallcanbecomeacolorful,bloominggarden.TheCaxiaForumartgalleryinMadrid,Spain,isafamousexample—oneofitswallsiscoveredwith15,000plantsfromover250differentspecies.要点： 【牛刀小试】Participationinmusicalsobringssocialbenefitsforstudents.Musicisawaytomakefriends.Someresearcherscompletedastudydealingwiththeperceivedbenefitsofmusic.Intheirfindingstheywrote,“Participationinmusicalgroupsorbandswasregardedasanopportunitytosocializewithlike-mindedpeople,makenewfriendsandmeetinterestingpeople,whowithoutthemusicalengagementtheywouldnothavehadtheopportunitytomeet”.Everytimeastudentisinvolvedinmusic,theyhavethechancetomeetnewpeople,andformlastingfriendships.要点： 概要写作微技能训练——如何提炼与处理次要点（答案）段落中前后有转折关系的，主要点在后面转折部分，前面的信息要适当选用（尤其是字数较多的情况下），用while/although/despite/inspiteof等引出。例1:Avegetariandietisoftenpraisedforitshealthbenefits.Studieshaveshownthatvegetariansusuallyhavelowerlevelsofheartdiseaseandalowerriskofdiabetesthanpeoplewhoeatmeat.Whatmostpeoplearelessawareof,however,aretheeffectsthatavegetariandietcanhaveontheenvironment.要点：WhilewidelyacknowledgedhelpfUltokeephealthy,vegetariandietsareseldomassociatedwithenvironmentprotection.牛刀小试】Itistoolatetodoanythingtohelpmanylanguages,wherethespeakersaretoofewortooold,andwherethecommunityistoobusyjusttryingtosurvivetocareabouttheirlanguage.Butmanylanguagesarenotinsuchaseriousposition.Oftenwherelanguagesareseriouslyendangered,therearethingsthatcanbedonetogivenewlifetothem.要点：Despitetheunavoidableextinctionofsomelanguagesduetocommunitydecline,manyendangeredonescanstillbepreserved.当段落中出现firstly,secondly,finally或also,besides,what'smore,inaddition,moreover等表示递进关系的连接词时，这些次要点都需要提取。可采用平行结构（几个次要点都采用相同的句法结构）合并次要点。例2:Fromonepointofview,peoplewhoacceptchangesthinkthatchangesmaketheirlifemeaningful.Firstly,changescreatenewopportunities,whichmakeusleapforward.Anewjob,forinstance,mightpresentchallengesthatpushthepersontoadapt,acquirenewknowledge,oraddtotheirskillset.Secondly,achangecanrepresentabreakwiththepastandanoldroutinewhichhasbecomeboringandpredictable.Finally,aswellasmakinglifemorefunandinteresting,newexperiencescanbegoodforourphysicalandmentalhealth.Wefindthatchangescanmakeusexperiencedandvaluable.andpromotingtheirhealth.Somepeoplelookonchangeasself-improvementprovider,newexperiencecreatorandhealthpromoter.【牛刀小试】However,areportfromthePewInternetandAmericanLifeProjectoffersamorehelpfulandencouragingview,suggestingthatfarfromreplacinghumancontact,technologycanactuallybetterfamilyrelationships.Justoverhalfofthe2,253peoplesurveyedagreedthattechnologyhadenabledthemtoincreasetheircontactwithdistantfamilymembersand47percentsaidithadimprovedthecommunicationwiththepeopletheylivedwith.Moreover,eventheclosestmembersoffamiliesneedtimeawayfromeachotheratsomepointtoseektheirowninterests.Familymemberswhomightotherwisehavesatinseparateroomscannowbeinthesameonewhilestilloccupyingadifferentmentalspace.要点：Nevertheless,areportindicatesthatinsteadofmakingfamiliesdivided,itstrengthensfhmilytiesincontactandcommunicationaswellasoffersaseparatementalspace.However,areporthasfoundtechnologybenefitsfhmilybondsbymakingmemberscloserandprovidingaprivatementalspaceaswell.Althoughtherearemanybenefits,opponentspointoutproblemswiththenewrequirements.First,theyarguethatthemainreasonwhystudentsgotoschoolistolearncoresubjectsandskills.Becauseservicelearningistime-consuming,studentsspendlesstimestudyingthecoresubjects.Second,theybelievethatforcingstudentstoworkwithoutpaygoesagainstthelaw.Byrequiringservice,theschooltakesawayastudent'sfreedomtochoose.要点：Someargueservicelearningcanreducethetimethatstudentsspendoncoresubjectsandrobthemoftherighttochoose.当段落有主题句，而主题句表达的意思不够明确时，需要补充次要点。在概写时可选择与主题句中心词汇(benefits/problems/solutions/advantages/disadvantages等)相关的内容作为补充的次要点，用like,suchas,非限制性定语从句或破折号等补充说明。也可直接把次要点中的内容单独成句。例3:Therearemanybenefitsofhavinggreenspacestotheurbanlandscape.Addinggardenstorooftopsorwallscancreateapleasantenvironment—whatwasonceagraycement(水泥)wallcanbecomeacolorful,bloominggarden.TheCaxiaForumartgalleryinMadrid,Spain,isafamousexample—oneofitswallsiscoveredwith15,000plantsfromover250differentspecies.要点:Therearenumerousadvantages,oneofwhichistoofferenjoyable/agreeable/jo