英语毕业论文之苔丝的反叛精神

PAGE苔丝的反叛精神学生姓名：学生学号：院（系）：年级专业：指导教师：TheRebellionofTessContentsAbstract………..………………...…ⅠKeyWords…………………….…Ⅰ摘要……………Ⅱ关键词…………….….ⅡIntroduction…………..…..……1I.DifferentReasonsfortheRebellionofTess….…………...…...….3A.ReasonsforSubsistence……………...…..………….…………31.AHardLifeforPeasants………..……….32.UnequalMoralityforFemale……………….……….33.MaleDominationofWomen…..………...………..…..…….44.ClassOppression…….…………………..…………….……5B.ReasonsforHerNature……….……..…...….…61.HerSenseofResponsibility….………………..……….62.Self-respect…………...……………….……63.HerAggressiveCharacter……..……..……..6II.TwoCharactersoftheRebellion………………..………………..8A.HerCharacterofResolution…………...……….……….……81.NeverYieldtoPressurefromtheSociety….…….………82.KeepingApartnesstoAlecandKillingHimFinally………………...9B.HerCharacterofCowardliness……...……………….………..101.HerLoveforClare….………………...….102.HerSecondStaywithAlec………………….…….……123.HerOriginalOpinionsandFantasy………….…….……13Conclusion………………………15Acknowledgements…………..…16Notes…...…………………..………..17Bibliography……………………...18AbstractTessoftheD’UrbervillesisregardedasthemostsuccessfultragicmasterpieceofThomasHardy.Inthisthesis,theauthortriestoanalyzetherevoltofTessintwomainaspects:reasonsfortherebellionandcharactersoftherebellion.Theformeroneiscausedbyhuman’sinstinctandnature.ThehumaninstinctleadsTesstoopposingherfate.Tess’shealthydesiresimplytobehappyisperhapsthesourceofhergreatcourageandmoralstrength.Thelattertakesontheresolutionandcowardlinessoftherebellion,andthesurfaceofthecowardlinessoftherebellionistheawakeningofconsciousnessandnoblepersonality,whichfoilsthenovel’sthemeanditsvalueandfurtherillustratestheinjusticeforfemaleinVictorianEngland.Sosucharebellionisimpossibletobeavoided.KeyWordsRebellion;self-respect;resolution;womenawakening;womenconsciousness摘要《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯.哈代最杰出的悲剧作品。论文叙述了小说中女主人公反叛的原因和特征。一方面，人类的本性促使苔丝对她的命运进行抗争。苔丝强烈地希望得到幸福也许就是她强大勇气和道德力量的来源。同时文章分析了女主人公反叛的坚决性和软弱性，而表面的软弱性是为反叛意识的觉醒和高贵人格的体现作铺垫，从而反衬作品的主题思想和价值意义，进一步验证了维多利亚时代的英格兰对女性的不公平对待。因此，这样一个反叛是不可避免的。关键词反叛；自尊；坚决性；女性觉醒；女性意识IntroductionThomasHardy,whowasbornonJune2,1840,isoneofthegreatestwritersinthehistoryofEnglishliterature,andTessoftheD’Urbervillesisoneofhismostsuccessfulnovels.HardycannotsolelybelabeledaVictoriannovelist,norcanhebecategorizedsimplyasaModernist.Asatraditionalwriter,hewasdeterminedtoexplodetheconventionsofnineteenth-centuryliteratureandbuiltanewkindofnovelinitsplace.Inmanyrespects,Hardywastrappedinthemiddlegroundbetweenthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies,betweenVictoriansensibilitiesandmoremodernones,andbetweentraditionandinnovation.Tessofthed’Urbervilleswaspublishedin1891.ItisgenerallyregardedasHardy’stragicmasterpiece,andcertainlyitishismostambitioustragicnovel.Thoughisit,therearealsomanyhearteningpassageshidinginthearticle.Inthisnovel,HardydemonstrateshisdeepsenseofmoralsympathyforEngland’slowerclasses,particularlyforruralwomen.Hebecamefamousforhiscompassionate,oftencontroversialportrayalofyoungwomenvictimizedbytheself-righteousrigidityofEnglishsocialmorality.Apureandloyalyoungwoman,alsointelligent,strikinglyattractive,anddistinguishedbyherdeepmoralsensitivity,andpassionateintensity,Tessisthecentralcharacterofthenovel.Butherinexperienceandlackofwiseparentingleaveherextremelyvulnerable.InTess’stime,Englandismakingitsslowandpainfultransitionfromanold-fashioned,agriculturalnationtoamodern,industrialone.Thesocietyisfulloftremendouschangesinalmosteveryrespect.Moreandmorepeasantsbecomeimpoverishedandliveamiserablelife.Workersproducebeyondsubsistence.Therefore,herlifeiscomplicatedwhenherfatherdiscoversalinktothenoblelinkofthed’Urbervilles,and,asaresult,Tessissenttoworkatthed’Urbervillemansion.Unfortunately,heridealscannotpreventherfromslidingfurtherandfurtherintomisfortuneaftershebecomespregnantbyAlec.Then,becauseofstrongloveandpurity,shedoesnotwanttocheatClare.Withthehopeofmercy,shetellsallherpast.But,sotragedyforher,justthemanwhosaystoloveherdeeplyabandonshistroth,andrefusesherexplanationsabsolutelyinthebridalevening.Fromnowon,ClaredoesnotcontactwithTessinalongtime,nomatterhowsheisdifficult.Asasimplecountrygirl,withalotofmisfortune,Tessfinallydecidestorebelagainstcommoncustomsbravelyaftershetrieshardesttobegood,herbadluckwhichiscausedbyother’smistakesconspirestogetherintotrouble,ascondemnationbythesocietyanddiscardbyherhusband.Alloftheseistooinjusticetoendure,sotherebellioncannotbeavoided,nomorethanatimematter.I.DifferentReasonsfortheRebellionofTessA.ReasonsforSubsistence1.AHardLifeforPeasantsInTess’stime,thesocietyisfulloftremendouschangesinalmosteveryrespect.Theindustrialrevolutioncontinuestodevelopinspiteofthesocialevilsthataccompanied.TheemergenceoflocomotivesthrowsBritainintoafrenzyofrailwaybuilding.Agricultureisfurthermechanized.Tradeandcommercegrowapace,drivingmorepeasants,handspinnersandweaverstothecrowdedfactoriesofthesmokycities.ThegreattransformationmakesEnglandfromanagriculturalbasetoanindustrialbase,undertheprocessofindustrialismandthedisintegrationofpeasantry.Moreandmorepeasantsbecomeimpoverishedandliveamiserablelife.Ruralworkersproducebeyondsubsistence.Asadaughterofapoorvillager,andawage-laborerlater,itisverydifficultforTesstoliveabetterlifewithherfamily.2.UnequalMoralityforFemaleThehighestvirtueoftheVictorianwomanissexualpurity,andadulteryistheworstofallpossiblesins.Herdressconcealedherwholebodyexceptherhandsandface,andtoshowanankleorashoulderisconsidered‘improper’.Publicnotionsonsexualmoralsarethatwomanmustremainvirginbeforemarriage,butmencouldhavetheirfling.Thesexualmoralsarepresumablyrootedinpeople’srationalminds:wheneithermenorwomenengagedinsexuallapses,theformerwouldbeforgivenandthelaterwouldbecondemned.AsEngel’sinthe"family,privateownershipandnationalorigin,"thebookstates:"Allwomenareconsideredseriousoffendersandthelegalandsocialconsequencesofeverything.Formenareconsideredanhonor,atbest,butcanappreciatethemoralacceptanceofsmallstain."Itseemssoinnocentfromthedialogue,“HowcouldIbeexpectedtoknow?IwasachildwhenIleftthishousefourmonthsago,whydidn’tyoutellmetherewasdangerinmen-folk?Whydidn’tyouwarnme?Ladiesknowthat…”[1].ButTesswinsnocomfortandconsolation,instead,“sheissurroundedby‘acloudofmoralhobgoblins’whichterrifyher‘withoutreasons”[1].Then,thesamesexualexperience,Angleispardonedbutsheisabused.Isitequalthatanykindofsexualencounterwouldearnayoungwomanmoralrebukeandsocialcondemnation,regardlessofhowthemaninvolvedconductedhimself?Moreover,thewholesocietyturnsagainstTess,whichaggravateshermiserablelife.WhyisTess’sgirlishpuritylost?Whydothebadsooftenruinthegood?Whyisbeautydamagedbyugliness?Thousandsofyearsofphilosophycannotgiveustheanswerstothesequestions.Thesethingshappen,andhavealwayshappened.Aftersufferingsomuch,Tesswasnotafraidofthedarkortheshadows;itispeoplesheisanxioustoavoid.Althoughshehasbrokenanacceptedsocialrule,itisnothermistake.3.MaleDominationofWomenHalfofthisworldisfemaleandtheotherpartismale.Thecriticallyspeaking,manandwomanshouldbeequal.Butthattime,womanistheslaveandprivatepropertyofhusband,withoutsay-no.Mendominatewomenlikethebeing.Heexpectstobeloved,butalsotobeobeyed.Hemakesallthedecisions.Hiswifeissupposedtobehisfaithfulcompanion.Maledominationofwomenisperhapsevenmoreunsettling.Angle’sloveforTess,aspureandgentleasitseems,dominatesherinanunhealthyway.AnglesubstitutesanidealizedpictureofTess’scountrypurityforthereallifewomanthathecontinuallyrefusestogettoknow.WhenAnglecallsTessnameslike“DaughterofNature”and“Artemis”[2],wefeelthathemaybedenyinghertrueselfinfavorofamentalimagethatheprefers.Thus,heridentityandexperiencesaresuppressed,albeitunknowingly.Tessismoreclosetonatureandthelandoflifeconsciousness,onmoralandlegalnormsoftheexistingsystemisskeptical.Itisforthisreason,sheasks,shewillbeabletouse"asimilarphilosophyandvision"toexaminedifficulttoerasethosedays,anddoesnotlosebecauseofcorruption,evenvirginvirginityasks:“Awoman'svirginityisalostforeverlost?…Allorganismshavetheabilitytorestitution,Whyonlyonvirginityno?”[3]4.ClassOppressionOntheotherhand,Tessismorepolishedthanmanypeople,butnotquiteuptotheleveloftheupperandmiddleclassesbothsociallyandculturally.ShestillrepresentsmanybadthingstoMrs.Clare.Angel’smotherseesinTessthebeginningofthefallofthegreatVictorianeraofopulenceandhighsociety.ShedoesnotacceptTessasasuitabledaughter-in–lawbecauseshebelievesthatTesswillbringdownthestatusofthefamily.TheClareshopethatAnglewillfindasuitablebride,meaningahighborn,well-bredwomanofsociety.Forthem,marriageisnotaboutlove,butrathersocial,financial,andreligiousprosperity.Thougholdfamilylinesretaintheirearlierglamour,theoldeconomicrealitiesmakesheerwealthmoreimportantthaninnernobility.Engelsoncemadeapenetratinganalysis:“TheEnglishproletariatisbecomingmoreandmorebourgeois,sothatthismostbourgeoisofallnationsisapparentlyaimingatthepossessionofbourgeoisaristocracyandabourgeoisproletariataswellasabourgeoisie.Foranationwhichexploitsthewholeworldthisis,ofcourse,toacertainextent,justifiable”.[4]Ingeneral,theupperandmiddleclassesremainsfirmlyinpower,dignified,self-satisfiedkindlydisposestowardstherough-manneredworkersandsimplefarmertenants,butveryconsciousoftheirownsuperiority,and,astheysuppose,theirhighersenseofvalues.So,thenewlyrichpeoplelikeSimonStokefamilycanspendmoneytobuyrespectablesocialstatusforitselfandlatergenerationandthenewlyacquiredname.AlecusesnotonlyhiswealthandsocialstatusbutalsotakestheadvantageofTess’sinnocenceandpovertyviolatesher.Also,attheend,hecontrolsTessinasecondtimebymeansofhiswealthandthepoornessofTess’sfamily.B.ReasonsforHerNature1.HerSenseofResponsibilityTheothermainreasonwhichcausesTess’srebellionisaddedtohernature.Tessisafreshcountrygirlwhoisfullofthesenseofresponsibilityforherfamilybecauseoffather’slazinessandmother’ssimplemindedness.Thehorse’sdeathletherthinksheisresponsibleforthisaccidentandshemustearnmoneytosupportherpoorfamily.ThisguiltleadshertovisittheD’Urbervillesandputsherintoanuncertainandpotentiallydangeroussituation.Thedeathofherfatheraddsherfamily’sevictionbecauseherreputationmakesitincumbentonhertoactforheryoungbrotherandsisters.Withnooption,shebearssadnesstolivewithAlecagain.IfnotforTess,thefamilymaybeverybadlyoffindeed,butTess’sself-sacrificegainsnothingexceptaseriesofblame.2.Self-respectFateimpingesuponTess’slifeateveryturn.Often,whenfacedwithadifficultdecisionthechoicesheselectsmakeshersituationmuchworse.ButTessisastrongwomanwithgreatself-respectthroughoutthenovel.Shewantstobecomeknowledgeableandself-sufficientandrefusestocrumbleunderpressure.SherefusesAlec’shelpandsaystohim:“Iwillnottakeanythingfromyou!”“It’strue.Icouldleadacomfortablelife.ButIhaveenoughhonournottotellthatlie.IfIlovedyou,Imighthaveaverygoodreasontotellyouso.ButIdon’t”[1].Tesschastisesherselfforherweaknesswhichletherselfbecomeavictim.WhenAngleleavesher,sheistooproudtoaskhisfamilyforhelpthatherlifebeginstounravelcompletely.Tessalwayshasthefeelingsothatshecanbearallthetortureanddisaster,indifferencetofacethecruelfateofthegameincutsamonghopingtowaitAngel'sforgiveness.Untilfinallyherself-esteemattheexpenseoftheirwalkonthealtaroflove.3.HerAggressiveCharacterInfact,Tessisalsoanaggressiveperson.Shehasauniqueviewoflife,butneverparroted.Whenthepriestdoesnotpromiseherbabytotakeabaptism,shesaystohim:“IfGoddoesnotrecognizesuchmovestonotaformaltest,itisnotparadiseforthechildren,suchaswhethertheirparadise,aschildren,youdidnotspecial.”[5]WhenAleccomestoherstruggle,shedarestofaceandsay：”Idon’tlike’eeatall!Ihateanddetestyou!I’llgobacktomother,Iwill!”[1].WhilemeetingAngle,thesinfulfeelingmakeshershowingunselfishnesswhenshefacestheoccasionthatthreegirlsarealsoinlovewithhim.Shethinksthattheyaremoresuitableforhim,andtriesherbesttoprovidefavorableconditionsforthemtogetAngle’slove,althoughsheloveshimdeeply.WhenmotheraskshernottotellAngleaboutherpast,Tessknowsdeepdownthatshecannotfollowtheadvice.Herconscienceistoostrongtolivewiththesecret,andshemustfreeherselfoftheburden.Sothatshecanlivecomfortablyandmorally.Sheissounselfishandkindhearted,butwithanabandonedconsequence.Tessdoesn’tbelievereligion.Sheaimstochurch"justtolistentomusic."Herunderstandingofreligionfromthemajorityisintheenvironmentimperceptibleinfluence.Therefore,religiondoesnotdominateherfate.TheBritishlawclearlystipulatesthatnomancanmarryhiswife'ssister.ButTesshopesAngelcanmarryhersisterafterherdeath.Asthevictimoftheill-judgedexecution,Tessisnobleanddignified.ItistheVictoriancultofaristocraticlineagethatdrivesTesstoseekthepatronageofMrs.D’UrbervillesandmeetherseducerAlec.Itistheunfairclasssystemthatallowsarichnoblemantoimpregnateandabandonalow-classgirlwithoutconsequence.ItisalsotheVictorianmythofthepurevirginalbridethatunfairlykeepsAnglefromacceptingTessashiswife,despitehisownbesmirchedsexualhistory.ThesesocialinjusticesbringundeservedsufferingtoTess.II.TwoCharactersoftheRebellionA.HerCharacterofResolution1.NeverYieldtoPressurefromtheSocietyThecontestbetweencorruptionandinnocencetotakeplacenotinafield,butwithinthehumanheartitself.InTess’slife,therearetwomen-AlecD’UrbervillesandAngleClare,whobothchangeTess’sfateandmakeherfallintotheabyssofmiserytogether.Tessisapurewomantangleduptothetragedywebwhichisdelineatedbytheimposedfate.Thatistoounfairtoacceptbyanybody.Butinviewofdistinctattitudestothetwomen,oneasgod,theotherasdevil.Astheresult,Tess’srebellionisbothpresentedresolutionandcowardliness.Alecismanipulative,sinisteryoungmanwhodoeseverythinghecantoseducetheinexperienceTesswhenshecomestoworkforhisfamily.HisdevilishassociationsareevidentwhenheseducesherastheserpentinGenesisseducedEve.Additionally,likethefamousdepictionofSataninMilton’sParadiseLost,Alecdoesnottrytohidehisbadqualities.Infact,likeSatan,herevelsinthem.HepromisestoprovideforthefamilythatbringsTessto“sell”herselftohimatthebeginningofthebook.Owingtohiswealth,AlecthinksthathewaspowerwithwhichhebulliesTess.ItisAlecwhonotonlyruinsTess’svirginity,butalsodestroysherhappylife.Heisnotonlysensual,butalsoarrogantandegotistic,physicallystrong.Alecbelievesthatwinningawomanrequiredforce,notaffection,orgentleness.Heputsonanairofarroganceregardingwomenalwaysasinferiortomen.DisregardingTess’srevolution,Alecconsiderswomenascarnalobjectsratherthanasequalhuman’sworthyofaffection.Then,hebelievesheisdifferentfromtheancestors,sincehehaspoweroverherwhiletheydonotbutinfactheisjustlikethem,usinghispowerlikeaGodalthoughhisisquitehollow.Hepromisesemptyadvantagestoher,likethewealthsheeventuallyreceivesfromhim,thatcanneverbemoreimportantthanlove.2.KeepingApartnesstoAlecandKillingHimFinallyWhenTesscomesacrosswithAlecnearfouryearslaterinthevillageofEverHead,thoughAlecD’Urbervillesseemsfirsttohaveundergonearemarkabletransformationfromarakeintoapiousandreligiousman,hediscardsthisposturesoeffortlesslyandquicklythatitseemstohavebeenasuperfluouscharade—Alec’sattemptstocontainhisdesireforTessseemweakatbest.Alecisasymbolofevil,hecanescapelegalsanctions,unaffected.Herepresentsalargermoralprincipleratherthanarealindividualman.LikeSatan,Alecsymbolizesthebaseforcesoflifethatdriveapersonawayfrommoralperfectionandgreatness.TesscontinuestosufferasasocialoutcastbecauseofadisgracethatismuchmoreAlec’sfaultthanhers,yetthehypocriticalAlechastheluxurytorepentandevenwinacceptanceasapreacher.Tess’splightasawomanthusappearsincrediblyunjust,stressing“TheWomanPays”.So,TessisobservantanddistrustingofAlec,andsheviewshisconversionasaplottowinherback.Shehaslearntherlessonaboutriskingherselfandherhappinessforthesakeofmoney.Sheismuchstrongerwomannowandismoreknowledgeableaboutconnivingmen,especiallyAlec.ThisstrengthdetersAlecandmakeshimfeelweakerandmorevulnerablebecausehisplotisnotworking.WhenTessrefusestomarryAlecdespitethesocialadvantagethematchwouldgiveher,andrefuseshisoffersofhelpbecauseshedoesnotsincerelylovehim,weseeherasmorethananunwittingvictim:herintegrityandcouragemakeherheroic.Thus,inthelatterpart,asAnglereturnswithrenewedloyaltyandloveforTess,itbecomesapparentthatAlec’strickhasconsiderablybrokendownTess’sloyaltytoAngle.Tornapart,hershameandgriefcauseherviolentsidetoexplode;Tessnowkillsherloverinamurderousrageoutofloveforherhusband.Whetherintentionalornot,TesshasfulfilledAngle’sproclamationthattheycannotbetogetheraslongasAlecisalive.Hernewfoundactivitymaynotsaveher;indeed,herpunishmentforthemurder,presumablydeathbyhanging,willsnapherneckjustlikeshesnapsthenecksofthosepheasants.Nevertheless,itmaybepreferabletoherearlierpassivity,providingherwithanoblerwaytofaceherfate.Inaword,Alecoftherepresentativesofthebourgeoisie,hehasabourgeoisstateapparatus,law,andethics,asabackup.WealthcanrelyonthelawandnoteasilybulliedandontheplayingTess.Tessandhiscontradictions,itcanalsobesaidthattheworkersareoppressedandthespecificperformanceoftheentirecapitalistsocialcontradictions.Tessbeginningofhisattitudeisveryclear,shepubliclydeclareshisobnoxious.Later,atafarm,sheputsupastruggletohim.Finally,shecurseshimtoruinherlife.Sheignoresthebourgeoislegalityandmorality,onthefeelingsofgreatangertokillhim.Herreactionisaheavyattacktothedarksociety.B.HerCharacterofCowardliness1.HerLoveforClareIngreatcontrasttoAlec,AnglewinsTessbysweetwordsandkindness,andappearsanangleandasaviortothetroubledbutcopingTess.Infact,heisamorecomplicatedperson.ItcanbesaidthattheVictorianbourgeoismoralityphysicallydestroysher,butsheeventuallytenaciouslyclimbsup.AndnowAngeldealsthefatalblowtoherspirit.AfreethinkingsonisbornintothefamilyofaprovincialparsonanddeterminedtosethimselfupasfarmerinsteadofgoingtoCambridgelikehisconformistbrother.Anglerepresentsarebelliousstrivingtowardsapersonalvisionofgoodness.Heisasecularistwhoyearnstoworkforthe“honorandgloryofman”,ratherthanforthehonorandgloryofGodinamoredistantworld.Asatypicalnineteenthcenturyprogressiverepresentative,Angelrejectsthevalueshandedtohim,andsetsoffinsearchofhisown.Hisdisdainfortraditionwhichisanindependentspiritcontributestohisauraofcharismaandgeneralattractiveness.HethinksofthisatthetimeoftheBritishbourgeoisiehumanitarianandhistoricalconditions,bourgeoisruleinaverybrutal,verytragiclifeofthepeasantclass,acertainprogressismeaningless.However,itmustbepointedoutisthathehasnotreallyjumpoutofhisareaagainsttheoldmoralvalues,Hehasnotreallydespisedfromtheclassprejudices.Hedecidestostandforthebourgeoisideologyandhisinevitabledeparturefromtheselfishinterests.Althoughhegoestothefarmerstolearnfarmingtechniques,buthisrealpurposeistothefuture.Althoughheclaimstobeindependentjudgmentopinion,oncethethingisaverycrucialstage,heisstillupholdingthedecadentbourgeoissocialcustomsandmoralhypocrisy.AngellovesTessbecausehebelievesthatsheissweetbutfirstofall,sheispure.Tess’sdenialofhimshowsthatsheisconcernedaboutwhatherpastmaymeantoherfuture.ToAngle,herdenialseemstosignifythatTessisevenmorevirtuousthanhethinksof.AshepersistentlyseeksTess’sacceptanceofmarriage,shefeelsnervousandcontradictiveagainandagain.Tessunderstandsthatawoman’svirginityisregardedassupremelyimportantbymostofhersociety,andthatAngledoesnotseeherasanythingbutcompletelypure.TellingAngelofherfamily’sD’Urbervilleslineageisdifficultforher.Hetakesthenewswell,butshedoesnotgainconfidencethatherother,moreshamefulrevelationwillbemetwiththesameexcitement.Noonecanrefusehappiness.TheformerrejectionsgotowasteafterTessgladlymarriesAngelwithafeelingofguiltyandworries.Sheissoafraidoflosingherhusbandthatmakesherliferestlessallthetime.Lateron,whensheknowsasimilarerrorinAngel’spast“eight-andfortyhours”dissipationwithastrangerinLondon,shesecurelymakesherconfessionandhopestogetAngle’sforgiveness.TesshasthoughtalthoughAngeldidn’tfindtheletterunderthecarpethecanforgiveherandthentheywillliveahappylifetogether.ButAngel,whoproveshimselfmorejudgmentalandinflexiblethanhisparent,isblindbyhisfailuretoacceptTessforwhoshereallyis.HetakesTess’stransgressionasapersonalattackonhim,whichmakeshimunabletoseeherclearly.Theidealized,purevisionofTessisdestroyed.Inhiseyes,Tessisalreadylost-thoughsheisstillalive,shehaspartiallyvanishedintothegloomofherfate.AlthoughAngelremainsthedie-hardprogressive,thepressureofconformingtoEnglishproprietycoupledwithhistroubledviewofhismarriagestifleshisgrowth.Eventhoughhehasdecidedtoremovealltheobstaclesandchooseacountrymilkmaid-Tess,ashiswife,hestilllackscouragetoeliminatetheoldmoralvaluethoroughlyandgetridoftheoldinfluences.HetreasuresthefamilyreputationandhisdignitymorethanthelovetoTess.Thereisyetagreatdistancebetweenhisenlightenedthoughtandhisactualdeeds.However,itisbecauseofstronglove,TessregardsAngelasintelligenceratherthanaman.Shebecomesdepressedassherealizesthedistancebetweenhimandherself.What’sworseisthatshedoesnotacceptanythingwhichissaidasAngel’sdisadvantages.AngelhasthesamepastasTess’s,buthecannotforgiveTessasTessforgiveshim.Henolongerseesthewomanheoncehasseenandhasmarriedonlyhoursago.Forhim,theloverwho’sbelovedhasbeentransformedinhismindfromtheembodimentofpurityintothetarnishedrealityofafallenwoman.HesaystoTess,“thewomanIhavelovingisnotyou,”but“anotherwomaninyourshape”[1].AlthoughTessissincere,Angelstill“lookeduponherasaspeciesofimpostor;aguiltywoman,intheguiseofaninnocent”[1].Themostterribleishisblameness“Don’t,Tess,don’targue.Thosearejustcountrypeople’sways…perhapsyouwereweakandcouldnotrefusethismanbecauseyourancientnoblebloodhasrunthin,because….”[1].Inthissense,AngeliscolderthanAlec.Whathedisplaysisextremeself-loveandcold-blood.AlthoughTessdoesnotgiveintoAlec’sviolence,sheiswreckedbyAngel’sprejudicethatleavesherintotaldarknessinherlife.Tessistreatedsounequal,butshenevercomplainsaboutAngel’sfeelings,andsheonlycriticizesandblamesherself.Shelosesherstrengthandwishestosubmitherhusband:“Iwillobeyyoulikeyourwretchedslave,evenifitistoliedownanddie.”Indeed,Tessislittlemorethanawalkingcorpse.2.HerSecondStaywithAlecWhileenduringtheabandonedlife,asTessstruggleswithAlec’stemptation,herneedforAngel,becomesmoreandmoredesperate.IfAngelweretoreturntoheranddohisdutyasherhusband,herproblemswouldgreatlydiminish.ShewritestoAngelandpleadsthathenotjudgesheronherirretrievablepast.Tess’ssituationthusmakesherveryvulnerabletoAlec’spersuasions.Sheisobviouslyheartbrokenandneedstobelovedmorethanever.Sheisalsodistraughtbyherfamily’sever-worseningfinancialsituation.Alec’sreasoningseemsmorevalidtoTessthanithasinthepast.Inaway,TessandAlecaresimilarinthattheyhavebothfallenandaskforforgivenessfortheirindiscretions.AfteralongwaitforAngel’sreply,butnothing,TessbeginstorealizethatAlecmaybeheronlyhope.ShegivesupallhopesandbecomesAlec’smistressforthesakeofherfamily.Tess’loveisnotgiventhespiritoftranscendenceandphysicalbeauty,butwiththelossofself-emaciatedblindandmiser