2018年成人高考高起点《英语》语法精讲5

2018年成人高考高起点《英语》语法精讲【文章一：时态】(l5)l过去时workedHeworked12hoursyesterday.他昨天工作了12个小时。现在时workHeworksforhisfather.他为他父亲干活。将来时will/shallworkHewillworkinafactoryasanengineer.他将在工厂里当工程师。过was/HewasworkingonhispaperwhenIcalledhim.去进行wereworking我给他打电话时他正在写论文。时现is/are/Heisworkingnow.在进行amworking他正在干活。时

将will/来进行shallbeworkingHewillbeworkingonhisfinalsthistimetomorrow.时明天的这个时候他会在复习期末考试。过去完成时hadworkedHehadworkedtenhourswhenyoucamein.你进来时他已经干了l0个小时了。现have/Hehasneverworkeds01atethisweek.在完成hasworked这个星期他还从未工作到如此晚。时将will/Hewillhavefinishedhisworkbythen.来完成shallhaveworked到那时他已经完成他的工作了。时5555行时have/Hehasbeenworkingonhispaperallweek.现hasbeenworking他的论文写了一个星期了。在完成进行时will/将shallhavebeenworkinHewillhavebeenworkingforthebossfortendaystomorrow.来g到明天他就应该已经给这个老板干了l0天活了。完成进行时D.wouldleaveD.wouldleavewould/Hesaidhewouldnotworktomorrow.过去shouldwork他说他明天不上班。将来时would/过去shouldbeworkingIneverthoughtthatsomedaylwouldbeworkingwithhim.将来我从来没想过某一天竟跟他一起做事。进行时would/过去shouldhaveworkedHetoldmethathewouldhavefinishedhisworkbytheendof将来September.他告诉我到九月底他会完成他的工作。完成时lSorrybutwecannotgotoSanDiego.OurcousinstoseeusnextSunday.(2007)A.comeB.arecomingC.havecomeD.cameBBecoming情才会发生，所以应选择将来时。【句子大意】很抱歉，我们不能去圣地亚哥。我们的表兄妹下个星期天要来看我们。ThebusislateandJulieiscold.Sheforthebusfor10minutes.(2007)A.waitsB.waitedC.haswaitedD.hasbeenwaitingD Julie冻，她在这已经等了10分钟了。说明此动作从过去开始一直到现在没有停止，并且还要继续下去。这种情况应用现在完成进行时。【句子大意】公共汽车来晚Julie 10WhenhearrivedattheairportMr.Smithfoundthathehisticketintheoffice.(2005)A.hasleftB.wasleavingC.hadleftSmithSincearrivinginNewYorkThomasover15jobinterviews.(2006)A.hasB.hadC.hashadD.ishavingCSinceThomasl5试了。Bytheyear2100manydifferentmeansoftransportation.(2006)A.willdevelopB.willhavedevelopedC.willbedevelopingD.willhavebeendeveloped【文章二：语气】IfIhad+ Ishould/wouldhave+IfIhad+ Ishould/wouldhave+Maythefriendshipbetweenuslastlong.:itItis/was++that++shoulddosthshouldanxious()crucial()desirable()eager()essential()fitting()impossible(Itis/was++that++shoulddosthshouldanxious()crucial()desirable()eager()essential()fitting()impossible()important()natural()necessary()possible()probable()strange()urgent()vital()等。Itisimportantthatwe(should)practicealot.多实践很重要。thatshould should suggest()propose()recommend()advise()insist()urge()ask()require( )request()demand()desire()order()command()decide()intend()prefer()urge()Hesuggestedthatwe(should)worktogether.thatshoulddoshouldHegaveusasuggestionthateveryone(should)arriveheretenminutesearlier.他建议我们每个人都要提前10分钟到这儿。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)worktogether.他的建议是我们一起干。Wish(hewere)事实相反。Shewishessheknewhisphonenumber.她真希望她知道他的电话号。Shewishesshehadtoldhimthenews.她真希望她告诉他那个消息了。wouldrather+示现在或将来，表示宁愿、希望。We’dratherhecametovisitustomorrow.if3)ifIflwere/didIshould/woulddoIflwere/didIshould/woulddoIfIhadboughtthebook.Iwouldnothaveborroweditfromthelibrary.如果我买到了这本书，就不会从图书馆借了。Iflwereyou.Iwouldgo.如果我是你，我就去了。Ifitwerefinetomorrow.Iwouldgotothepark.如果明天天气好的话，我会逛公园。ifHadIboughtthebook.Iwouldn’thaveborroweditfromthelibrary.如果我买到了这本书，就不会从图书馆借了。Asifasthough(bewere)用过去完成时表示与过去的事实相反。Shecriesasifsheregretted.她哭了，似乎后悔了。4) Itsabout/hightimethatshould+do shouldItishightimeyoushouldgotobed.lHadheworkedharderhetheexams.(2005)A.musthavegotthroughB.wouldhavegotthroughC.shouldgetthroughD.couldgetthroughBif就能通过考试了。Mr.SmithreceivestheorderthathethedocumentstothenewproductmeetingForfurtherdiscussion.(2006)A.bringB.bringsC.willbringD.hasbroughtAOrdershoulddoshould Smith被指定带着文件到新产品会进行进一步讨论。IfIknewmoreEnglishIforthisposition.(2004)A.wouldapplyB.willapplyC.mayhaveappliedD.willhaveappliedA我的英语好一点，我会申请这个职位的。【文章三：语态】be+(+by) beWithitsexpensivefurnitureandcarefullycolorschemetheroomlookedquiteluxurious.(2007)A.chooseB.choseC.chosenD.choosingC动语态：被选的色系。【句子大意】昂贵的家具加上仔细挑选的色系，使得这房间看起来非常豪华。Thesandwichesbyyourmotherwereverydelicious.(2006)A.makeB.makingC.madeD.weremadeCMadeThesandwichesmadebyyourmother...=ThesandwichesthatweremadebyyourmotherHaveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Notyet.Therooms.(2005)A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintedC.arepaintingD.havebeenpaintingA在进行的动作，所以应当用现在进行时的被动语态。【句子大意】一你搬新家了吗?一还没有，新房正粉刷着呢。【文章四：主谓一致】l)mathematics()theUnitedStates();information()news()furniture()thepopulation()主语时，谓语动词用单数。Physicsissodifficultformetolearnwell.物理对我来说学好太难了。Thenewadvancedmachineryhasbeensenttothefactory.新的先进机器已经送到工厂了。HarryPotterisverypopularallovertheworld.arms()clothes()goods()people()police()cattle()youth()用复数。Thegoodshavebeentransportedtoyoubysea.货物已经海运发给你了。Thepeoplewhogoonlineincludethosewhoarelookingforbetteropportunities.shoes()pants()shorts()glasses()trousers()scissors()of，amountofkindof，typeof，scissors()of，amountofThenewshoesIjustboughtareformydaughter.Thepairofglassesbelongstohermother.Twotypesofpantsaresoldout.复数谓语动family()team()class(级、班级成)government)club(俱乐部成员）public()group()crowd()crew()means()works()sheep()fish()Japanese()Chinese()any(Herfamilyisverywarm.Everymemberofherfamilyissofriendly.Theclassis/areinterestedinhislectures.2)代词作主语的情况：someoneanyonenooneeveryonesomethin9，nothing，eachEachofthemintheteamhasbeenworkinghard.Noonelikesyourbook.没人喜欢你的书。allofsomeofhalfofnoneofmostoflotsofalotofplentyofofSomeofthepeoplewerelatethismorningfortheheavyrain.今天早晨因为大雨有些人迟到了。Someofwaterisleftinthecup.杯子里还剩了点儿水。Allthethingsareinthecarnow.现在所有的东西都在车里了。Someworkiseasy.有些活很简单。3）数量词作主语的情况：Manya+Anumberof+Thenumberof+ManyastudentnowinhighschoolhastakenTOEFl.AnumberofsoldiershavegonetoSichuanProvince.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolis2，000.我们学校的学生数是2000。百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数由名词的单、复数及其意90percentofstudentshavepassedthetest.(students)百分之九十的学生通过了考试。90percentisalargepercentage] )Tenyearshaspassed.10500metersisnotfaratall.Wecanwalkthere.500米根本不远，我们可以走过去。4）从句或短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Readingbooksisagoodwaytolearnmore.要学得更多，读书是个好方法。Howfarwecangoisaproblem.WhatIsaidisgoodtoyou.

whowhatWhatIneedarethingslikebooks，pens，notebooksandsoon.我需要的是书、笔、本子之类的东西。5）由连接词连接两个名词作主语的情况：and词用复数;若两个名词表示同一事物或一个整体时（这种情况通常是第一个名词） ; eacheverynoThewriterandtheprofessorarecomingtoourschool.那位作家和那位教授正赶往我们学校。Theprofessorandwriterofferswritingcourseinourschool.那位教授兼作家在我们学校开设写作课。Everyteacherandeverystudenthasthechancetojointheclub.每一位老师和学生都有机会加入这个俱乐部。ornotonlybutalsoeitherorneither...nornot...but两个名词作主语时：根据就近原则确定谓语动词的单、复数。Notonlyyoubutalsoheisgoingtoparticipateintheelection.（isheyou）Heorwetwoaregoingtothecountryside.(arewehe)Heorwetwoaregoingtothecountryside.(arewehe)eitherneitherNeitherishere.两个人都不在。Eitherhascome.两人都来过。withtogetherwithalongwithaswellasinoutofexceptratherthanlike数根据这些词或短语前面的名词确定。Hetogetherwithhisclassmatesisgoingtothenewpark.(isheclassmates)他准备和他的同学一起去新开的公园。Youaswellasyourboyfriendhavetheticketsforthemovie.你和你的男朋友都有电影票。6)The+Thewoundedhavebeensenttothehospital.伤者已经被送往医院了。7)Therebebe ;名词则采用就近原则。Thereisonlyaboyinthegroup.Therearemanybooksintheroom.Thereisagirl，twoboysandthreeadultsintheroom.(isgirl)这个房间里有一个女孩、两个男孩、三个成人。8)定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词应与关系代词所指代的先行词一致。T