上海市宝山嘉定虹口区2022-2023学年高三第四次模拟考试英语试卷含解析

1．—Couldyoutellmethe____ofmakingsuchtastycakes?—Well,Ijustfollowthedirectonsinthecookbook.B．planC．costD．trickthisblueprintintoreality,wemustbedown-to-earthinourapproach,takeonestepatatimeaswemoveforwardand4．Thediningroomiscleanandtidy,withatablealready______forabigmeal．5．Whetherthebuildingsinthisareashouldbepulleddownhasremained____；peoplearestilllookingforotherC．controversialD．contradictory6．Enterourprize______andwinabreakinaNationalTrustholidaycottageofyourchoiceanywhereinthecountry.7．EventhoughthewayLinDaiyuexpressesherfeelingsmaybe________toamodernaudience,itisrootedinhercharacterandmakeswhosheis.D．fundamental8．Hefelt________ofcheatingintheexam,decidingnevertodosuchthingsagain.9．---Mom,canyougivemeanextra200yuanamonth?---Son,wehavejustboughtahouse,andfromnowonweneedtopractisestrict10．ItisbroadcastonTVthatthe88thAcademyAwardCeremonywasheldinDolbyTheatreaudienceofapproximately4,000.C．wastofollowD．followed12．Thepoliceareoffering______rewardof$50,000forinformationleadingtothearrestof_____murderer.B．a;aC．the;a14．Whenyouareabsorbedinabookorsimplytryingtorest,itseemsthatthephone______continuously,destroyingyourmomentarypeace.A．ringsB．hasbeenringing15．﹣Haveyougottheresultsofthefinalexam？16．Butforyourinstruction,I______suchgreatprogressinsoshortatime.Thanksalot.17．Hischildrenwerehispride,andbeingadevotedfatherbecameatop______inhislife.A．capacityB．anxietyC．priorityD．opportunity18．Thereareno______proposalstoreducetheroadaccidents.Wearestillseekinginspiration.A．contradictoryintooperationin2019willserve72millionpassengersannually.21．6分）YourNewYear'splantomovemoreisoneofthetoughesttostickto,andagroupofscientistsworkingRatherthanoursedentary(久坐的)livescausingweightgain,saysAlexxaiKraviz,theNationalInstitutesofHealthneuroscientistwholedthestudy,changesinbrainchemistryafterwestartgainingweightaffectourcapacitytomove."Obsesmicecanmovejustfine,"saysKravitz,whopublishedtheworkwithhisteaminCellMetabolism"Theyjustdownasmicegainweightonahigh-fatdiet.Sotheniceslowdownandtheymoveless.Andwhentheresearchersrestoredtheactivityofthatdopaminereceptor—DR2—themicestartedmovingmore,eventhoughtheywerestillobese.TheteamalsosawthatleanmicemissingtheDR2receptoractedlikeobesemice.Thisisthetarget,saysKravitz—restoringthatdopaminereceptorfunction."Maybe20or30yearsdowntheroad,wecoulddothatinpeople,"Andthereisonemorething:ThescientistsfednormalmiceandthemicelackingDR2thesamehigh-fatdiet.Bothsetsofmicegainedweightatthesamerate.KravitzsaysthisisimportantbecausemicelackingDR2movelessfromtheget-go,whereasanormalmousetakesalittletimetostartseeingthatdopaminereceptor-relatedlossofexercise.Theabilitytoexerciseseemstobedisconnectedfromweightgain,hesays."Exerciseisahealthythingtodo,butitsimpactonweightlosshasbeenexaggerated,"hesays."Wehavetobeandnotthenormalcalorierestrictionthatpeoplemaintainwhentheydiet."Theyfeedthemicewithhigh-fatdiet,itdamagesthereceptor,andthatdecreasesactivity.Thosewhoplantolostsituationofobesity,"shesays.Sinealsosaysthatalotoftheweightgaininthemicecameaftertheystoppedmovingaround,whichindicatesthatthelossofmovementdidimpactobesity.1、AlexxaiKravitzislikelytoagreethat________.A．high-fatfoodleadstothelackofDR2B．lessmovementresultsfromweightgainC．thelackofDR2resultsinlessmovementD．weightgainleadstotheinactivityofDR2.2、Whatcanweinferfromtheresearchmentionedinthepassage?A．High-fatdietisboundtocauseobesity.B．Theresearchteamaimtodealwithhumanobesity.C．High-fatdiethaslittleinfluenceontherateofweightgain.3、Theunderlinedword"exaggerated"inParagraph7canbereplacedby"________".A．underestimatedB．thetotallossofmovementcandoharmtothefunctionofDR2D．obesityismainlycausedbyhigh-fatdietpeopletake.becamesubmittedtorulesduringthisperiod.ThisneedtofixtheEnglishlanguageisbestillustrated(描述)inthemakingofTheDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagebySamuelJohnson.GuidestotheEnglishlanguagehadbeeninexistencebeforeJohnsonbeganhisprojectin1746.These,however,wereoftenlittlemorethanlistsofhardwords.Johnsonchangedallthat,butthetaskwasnotaneasyone.Rentingahouseat17GoughSquare,Johnsonbeganworkingintheworstofconditions.Supportedonlybyhispublisher,JohnsonworkedontheDictionarywithfiveBalancedonachairwithonlythreelegs,Johnsonsatagainstawallinaroomfilledwithbooks.Johnsonwouldreadwidelyfromthesebooks,markpassagesillustratingtheuseofaparticularword,andgivethebookstohisassistantssothattheycouldcopythepassagesonslipsofpaper.TheseslipswerethenstucktoeightylargenotebooksunderthekeywordsthatJohnsonhadselected.Fixingthewordbythismethod,Johnsoncouldrecordaword，susageanditsdefinition.numbercouldhavebeenover20,000.Howmanywordsweredefinedbythelexicographer?Over40,000wordsappearedintwolargebooksinAprilof1755.DidJohnsonfullyunderstandthehugetaskhewasundertakingwhenhebegan?Asit—andhavedoneitverywell."1、WhatistheproblemofearlyEnglishdictionaries?A．Theyonlyoffersimplepictures.B．Theylistjustafewforeignwords.C．Theysimplygivesometranslations.D．Theyaddnomorethansomebigwords.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"lexicographer"inparagraph4referto?C．Amakerofdictionaries.3、WhatcanweinferaboutSamuelJohnsonfromthetext?A．HestandardizedEnglish.B．Hecaredaboutauthorityalot.C．Hegainedmuchfinancialsupport.D．Hecomplainedofworkingconditions.4、Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Todiscusstheproblemsofdictionaries.B．Toencouragepeopletoworkonaproject.C．Topersuadepeopletobuythenewdictionary.D．TointroducehowJohnsoncompletehisdictionary.3Dprintingisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Wearenowabletocreatethingsweneedveryquicklyandeasilyusing3Dprinters.Butcanyouimagineprintingfood?Somescientistsaretryingtorevolutionizethediningexperiencebydoingthis.Theyhopethathavinga3Dprinterinthekitchenwillbeascommonasthemicrowaveovenorblender.Youcanalsomodifytheinstructionstomakethefoodexactlyhowyouwantit.Thismeansthatitwouldbeveryquickandeasytocreatetastyandnutritiousmeals.Using3Dprinterstocreateyourmealswouldalsobesavingtheenvironment.Therewouldbelessneedfortraditionalgrowing,transportingandpackagingprocessesasfoodproductionwouldbealotmoreefficient.Forexample,alternativeingredients(原料)suchasproteinsfromalgae,beetrootleavesandinsectscouldbeconvertedintotastyproducts.Printingfoodcouldalsohelppeoplewhosufferfromdysphasia(aswallowingdisorder).Theycouldprogramtheprintertoprintsofterversionsoftheirfavoritefoodssothattheywouldnothavetroubleinswallowingthem.However,somepeoplethinkthatafutureof3Dfoodprintingwouldbeadisaster.Itcouldtakeawaymanyjobs,includingthosefrogrowing,transportingandpackagingfood.Imagineaworldwheretherewasnoneedforfarmingorgrowingcropsandthesametastescouldbeprintedfromaraw"foodink".Likewise,traditionalcafesandrestaurantsmightlosebusiness.Also,thereareconcernsaboutthenutritionalvalueofprintedfood:isitreallypossibletobegetthenutrientsweneedfromfood-basedinksandgels(凝胶)?activity.Itishardtoimagineaworldwherethepleasureofcookingisdeadandmealscanbecreatedatthetouchofa1、Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes3Dfoodprinting?A．Quickandpopular.C．Nutritiousandtasty.2、Whydosomethinkthat3Dfoodprintingwouldbeadisaster?A．Traditionalfoodwoulddisappear.B．Manypeoplecouldlosetheirjobs.3、Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．3Dfoodprintingwillreplacetraditionalcooking.B．Thefutureof3Dfoodprintingisuncertain.C．Itwouldhurtourtraditionoffoodculture.D．3Dfoodprintingwouldbeafailure.4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．3Dfood"printing":comingtothekitchenB．Can3Dprintingcreateeverything?C．3D—printingfoodwillbeinfashion!D．Thedisadvantageof3Dfoodprinting24．8分）WhatisSmall-sidedSoccer?Small-sidedSoccerstartswithgamesof3-on-3fromtheyoungestparticipantsandprogressesto4-on-4,7-on-7,partinthegameandgetexcitedaboutthegameofsoccer.Thesmall-sidedapproachgiveseachchildmoreSomegeneralpracticalinformation•Cafeteriaisopen.•Wesupplyparticipantswithsoccerclothesandfootballboots.•Pleasebringawaterbottleforyourchild.SoccerseasontrainingtimesSaturdayThecostis$70permonthforTykesandPeeWeesand$115foralltheotherteams.CanIcoach?Ofcourse!Ourtrainingcourseisalwayslookingforvolunteercoaches.Wewillprovidecoacheswithplansfordeveloptheirloveforsports.HowcanIvolunteerinotherways?putyoutowork!Doparentsstay?Yes.Parentsarestronglyencouragedtostayandsupporttheirchildrenandtheclub.Theclubisavolunteer-runorganization.Parentsandathletesareencouragedtohelpwithclean-upandset-upactivities.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutprogramspecifics,pleasecontactrecreationalsoccercoordinator(协调者),Pablo1、Whatdoyouknowaboutthetrainingcourse?A．Itisafreetrainingcourseforchildren.B．Itoffersthreemealsadayforfree.C．Itteachesstudentsaccordingtotheirinterest.D．Itwillmakechildrengetexcitedaboutsoccer.2、Whatshouldparticipantstaketothetrainingcourse?3、Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．BothTykesandBoysE&FhaveclassesonSunday.B．BothTykesandPeeWeeshavethesamechargingstandard.C．PabloVercelliwasthefounderofSmall-sidedSoccer.4、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Therearetwowaystocontacttheschool.B．Parentsarenotallowedtostaywiththeirchildren.C．Allthecoachesintheschoolareprofessional.D．Childrenwhoareover11arenotallowedtoattendthecourse.5、Wheredoyouprobablyreadthearticle?C．Inamedicalmagazine.Whileelephantsbornwithouttusks(长牙)arenotunheardof，theynormallyformjust2to6appeartobejustacoincidence,JoycePoole,anelephantbehaviorexpert,hasanothertheory.Theresearcherthinkswemaybewitnessingunnaturalevolutionofthespeciesduetotheconstanthuntingofelephantsforvaluableivory.However,bythetimetheconflictendedin1992,about90percentofthemhadbeenkilledforivorytohelpfinanceweapons(武器)andmeattofeedthesoldiers.Ofthelessthan200survivors,over50percentofadultfemaleshadnoSouthLuangwaNationalParkandLupandeGameManagementArea，areaswhichwereheavilyhuntedinthe1970sand1980s,35%ofelephants25yearsorolderand13%ofthoseyoungerthan25arenowwithouttusks.A2008studypublishedintheAfricanJournalofEcologyfoundthatthenumberoftusklessfemalesattheRuahaNationalParkinTanzaniawentfrom10.5percentin1969toalmost40percentin1989,largelyduetoillegalhuntingforivory.TherecentbanonivoryinboththeUSandChinashouldhelpgetridof,oratleastreduce,elephanthunting.However,scientistsarenotsurehowlongitwilltakeforelephantswithahigherrateoftusklessfemales,tochangethe1、WhatistheprobablecauseofthephenomenonmentionedinParagraph1?B．Constantfarming.D．Naturalevolution.2、WhydidpeoplekillsomanyelephantsduringthecivilwarinMozambique?D．Tomakeivoryproducts.3、Whichofthefollowinghadtheearliestrecordontusklesselephants?A．GorongonsaNationalPark.C．TheRuahaNationalPark.B．SouthLuangwaNationalPark.D．LupandeGameManagementArea.4、Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"thetrend"inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Elephantsfacinggreaterdanger.C．Fewerfemaleelephantsstayingalive.D．Morefemaleelephantsbeingtuskless.26．30分）Manypeoplethinkthatbabysittingisoneofthejobsforyoungpeople.Theyimagineateenagerputtingafewwell-behavedchildrentobedandthencontinuingtowatchtelevisionuntiltheparentsreturnhometohandoversomemoney.Well,Icantellyouhowthatthoughtis.onWednesdaysforaUkrainianfamilywiththreeyoungboys.Intheearlymorning,Igotheoldertwowhiletheirmotherdoesherjobsortakescareofhersix-month-oldbaby.However,IamtheirEnglishbyteachingthemsongsandgamesinmynativelanguage.Now,fourmonthslater,Igethomeattheendofthedayexhausted！Babysittingisnotajobfortheortheweak.Iexpectedchildrenwhowouldbehavewellandlistentomeallthetime.thosekindofchildrenexistatall.Whilemytwoboysareusuallypoliteandcalm,theyarechildrenandalsoliketofight,screamandlosetheirtemperfornoreal.Ioftenhavenoideawhytheycrytogether.BeingababysitterrequiresyoutoplayahundreddifferentIplaywiththeboys,buttheirthroughouttheday.IhavetobeafriendwhenwhenItellthemtodosomething.Whentheyhurtthemselves,Ihavetobetheirthingslikesharingtheircrayons(彩笔)，Ihavetobeanegotiator(调停者)。topreparethemealandthenamaidasIcleanupafterlunch.Finally,,andwhentheyfightoverWhenlunchtimerollsaround,Iama(n),wesaytheyhavethe"PatienceofGod".IthinkIembody(体现)thisinvolvedinmyjob,Iusuallydoenjoyit.WorkingwithchildrenissotiringthatIalwaysfeelafterleavingthemwiththeirparentsattheendoftheday！B．unimportantShouldweallowmodernbuildingstobebuiltnexttoolderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity?Inordertoanswerthisquestion,wemustfirstexamine1．peoplereallywanttopreservethehistoricfeelofanarea.Notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive.However,theremaybeotherreasons--forexample,economicreasons-2．theyshouldbepreserved.So,letusassumethathistoricalbuildingsarebothattractiveandimportanttothemajorityofpeople.Whatshouldwedothenifanewbuilding3．(need)?Inmyview,newarchitecturalstylescanexistperfectlywellalongsideanolderstyle.Indeed,therearemanyexamplesinmyownhometown4．moderndesignshavebeenplacedverysuccessfullynexttooldbuildings.5．thebuildinginquestionispleasinganddoesnotdominateitssurroundingstoomuch,itoftenimprovestheattractivenessofthearea.Itistruethatthereareexamplesofnewbuildingswhich6．(spoil)theareatheyarein,butthesamecanbesaidofsomeoldbuildingstoo.Yetpeoplestillspeakagainstnewbuildingsinhistoricareas.Ithinkthisissimply7．peoplearenaturallyconservativeanddonotlikechange.architectandplanner8．(move)thingsforward.Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewouldallstillbeliving