2020届福建省龙岩市高三毕业班教学质量检测(二)英语试题(解析版)

2020届福建省龙岩市高三毕业班教学质量检测（二）英语试题（解析版）本试卷分第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共10页，满分150分。考试时间120分钟，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题2.第Ⅰ卷每小题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。3.第Ⅱ卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whereisthedaughter'snewphonenumber?A.Intheaddressbook.B.Onaletter.C.Inanotebook.2.Whathasthewomanforgottentodo?A.Orderthebirthdaycake.B.Planaparty.C.PickSarahupfromschool.3.HowmanyclassesdoesthegirlhaveonMonday?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.4.Whichaspectofyogadoesthemandoubt?A.Keepingfit.B.Losingweight.C.Givinghappiness.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Waysofcooking.B.Cleaningtechniques.C.Routinehousework.-1-第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。佳选项，并标在试卷的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Teacherandstudent.7.Whatfielddoesthegirlwanttoworkin?A.Law.B.Education.C.Health.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Sad.B.Delighted.C.Disappointed.9.WhydoesthewomandecidenottogotoSpain?A.It'sexpensiveforshoppingthere.B.Theweatherisalwaysterriblethere.C.Therearetoomanypeopleatthebeachesthere.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatisthefurthestawayfromthetreehouse?A.Theharbor.B.Thelakes.C.Thebeach.11.Atwhatheightwillthenewtreehousebebuilt?A.Threemeters.B.Fourmeters.C.Eightmeters.12.Whoneedstogohomerightaway?A.Keith.B.Steven.C.Kevin.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onaskyscraper.B.Onamountain.C.Onabeach.14.Whatwillbethebiggestproblemgoingbackdown?A.Theicesheet.B.Therockface.C.Thedeepvalley.15.Whatviewimpressesthewomanmost?A.TheNorthernLights.B.Thesea.C.Thecity.16.Whenistheconversationtakingplace?A.Intheevening.B.Intheafternoon.C.Inthemorning.-1-听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhatdidCharliesavemoneyfor?A.Abike.B.Theeducationfee.C.Anoperation.18.HowmuchdidCharliemakeinhissecondweek?A.$50.B.$100.C.$300.19.WhatwordcandescribeCharlie?A.Stupid.B.Confident.C.Selfless.20.WhydidCharliecryintheend?A.Hedidn'thaveenoughmoney.B.Hisgrandpawashealthyagain.C.Hewasmovedbyhisneighbors.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFourInspiringMoviesForrestGump（1992）ForrestGumpisasimplemanwithalowIQbutgoodintentions.Thismoviefollowsthefictionalstoryinwhichthesimplemanmakeshiswaythroughsomeofthemoreturbulent（动荡的）timesfromthe1960sthrough1980s.ThisfilmtookhomesixOscars,inspireda“WeirdAl”song,andprovesthatabigheartisthemostimportantthing.It'saWonderfulLife（1946）Nomovielistwouldbecompletewithoutanodtothepast.Let'sgowiththisChristmasclassic,aboutamanwithseriousfinancialtroubleswhointendstocommitsuicide（自杀）byjumpingoffabridge.HisguardianangelClarenceOdbodystopshimandtellshimwhatlifewouldhavebeenlikeforthoseclosetohimhadheneverbeenborn.Realizinghowmuchhemeanstoothers,herushesbackhomeandallsortsofhappy,inspirational,Christmassythingshappen.DeadPoet'sSociety（1990）JohnKeating（RobinWilliams）isahighschoolEnglishliteratureteacheratafamousall-maleboardingschoolwhogetsintotroublewiththeschooladministrationafterencouraginghisstudentstochallengeauthorityandthinkforthemselves.Itiscertainlyinspirational,ifnot-1-alsofrustratinglysad.ABeautifulMind（2001）ThismovietellsthestoryofJohnNash（RussellCrowe）,aprofessoratPrinceton,aUSuniversity,whorevolutionizedthefieldofgametheoryandfellintomadnessasaresultofparanoidschizophrenia（精神分裂症）.Withtheloveandsupportofhisfamilyaswellasthehelp.ofmedicalprofessionals,hemanagedtoovercomehismentalillnessandcontinuedtomakecontributionstothefieldofmathematics.1.WhatcanweknowaboutIt'saWonderfulLife?A.Itprovesabigheartimportant.B.Ithasahappyending.C.Ittellsastoryoffriendship.D.Itisfamousfortheleadingrole.2.WhichfilmareRobinWilliams'fansmorelikelytowatch?A.ForrestGump.B.I'saWonderfulLife.D.ABeautifulMind.C.DeadPoet'sSociety.3.AttheendofABeautifulMind，theprofessor___________A.becameafamousexpertinpsychologyB.gothisfamily'ssupportforstudyinggametheoryC.gainedlotsofexperienceintreatingschizophreniaD.defeatedthediseaseandwentontopursuemaths【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】这是一则电影广告。文章介绍了四部鼓舞人心的电影。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据It'saWonderfulLife（1946）中Realizinghowmuchhemeanstoothers,herushesbackhomeandallsortsofhappy,inspirational,Christmassythingshappen.“意识到自己对别人有多重要，他急忙回家，各种各样的快乐，鼓舞人心，圣诞节般的事情发生了。”由此判断出，“It'saWonderfulLife”有一个快乐的结尾。故选B。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据DeadPoet'sSociety（1990）中JohnKeating（RobinWilliams）isahighschoolEnglishliteratureteacheratafamousall-maleboardingschoolwhogetsintotroublewiththeschool-1-administrationafterencouraginghisstudentstochallengeauthorityandthinkforthemselves.Itiscertainlyinspirational,ifnotalsofrustratinglysad.“约翰·基廷(罗宾·威廉姆斯饰)是一所著名寄宿男校的高中英语文学老师，他鼓励学生挑战权威、独立思考，却因此惹上了学校管理的麻烦。它肯定是鼓舞人心的，如果不是也令人沮丧的悲伤。”由此判断出，RobinWilliams的粉丝更有可能观看电影DeadPoet'sSociety.故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据ABeautifulMind（2001）中Withtheloveandsupportofhisfamilyaswellasthehelpofmedicalprofessionals,hemanagedtoovercomehismentalillnessandcontinuedtomakecontributionstothefieldofmathematics.“在家人的关爱和支持以及医学专业人士的帮助下，他成功地克服了精神疾病，并继续在数学领域做出贡献。”由此可知，在《美丽心灵》一书的结尾，教授战胜了疾病，继续追求数学。故选D。BInthe1970s,chemistJamesLovelockandmicrobiologistLynnMargulisdevelopedtheGaiahypothesis（盖亚假说）:allorganicandinorganiccomponentsontheplanetarepartofoneself-regulatingsystem,workingtomaintainlifeonearth.Scientistsagreethatweneedtakesignificantactiontocontrolemissions（排放）.Butwherescientistsandpopularmovementshavethusfarfailedtoconvincetheworldtoact,itseemsthatMotherEarthmayhavesucceeded,withthenever-before-seenCOVID-19.COVID-19isestimatedtohavereducedcarbondioxideemissioninChinabyaquarter.Itcausedfactoriestoshutdown,andslowedconstructionactivities.Recentanalysisshowsa70percentdropinflightsinFebruarycomparedwithJanuary.Andevengettingintoacarandgoingtoarestaurant,shoppingmall,orconcertposesariskofinfection,whichmeansthatmanypeoplearechoosingtostayathomeandareconsumingless,resultinginasignificantreductionoftheircarbonfootprints.Ofcourse,Chinaandtherestoftheworldwillhopetorestartnormalproductionandconsumptionassoonasthevirusisundercontrol.However,somepositivemeasureshavealreadybeentakenasaresultofCOVID-19.Asthevirusisthoughttooriginatefromwildlife,Chineseauthoritiesarerevisinglawsandregulationsregardingthecountry'smassivewildlifetradeinordertopreventfutureepidemics（流行病）—awinforbiodiversity.Thedeathsofthousandsofpeopleworldwideshouldalsoserveasalastingreminderofthefragilityoflife.Wehumansfrequentlyignoreorrepressuncomfortablethoughtsofdeathand-1-extinction.Wewouldrathergetonwithourlivesasusual,thinkingeverythingwillsomehowworkoutintheend.Onlyinthefaceofsufferinganddeathareweforcedtoviewthebigger,longer-termperspective—andthisiswhatisneededinordertoreactappropriatelytoclimatechange.COVID-19hassentalarmbellsringingthroughouttheworld.4.WhatdoestheauthormentiontheGaiahypothesisfor?A.Totellthemainideaofthetext.B.Tointroducethetopicfordiscussion.C.Toshowtheneedtoprotecttheplanet.D.Tostresstheimportanceofself-regulatingsystem.5.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.TheunexpectedbenefitofCOVID-19.B.TheeconomicinfluenceofCOVID-19.C.ThepreventivemeasuresforCOVID-19.D.ThepossiblecausesofCOVID-19.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"repress"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Control.C.Vary.B.Hold.D.Test.7.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthetext?A.It'surgenttofightthevirus.B.Thevirushascausedmanydeaths.C.Lifeisfragileinfaceofdisasters.D.Actionisneededforclimatechange.【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。盖亚假说认为全球生态系统，其运作机制被认为类似一个巨大的自调节有机体；在这个系统中，所有生命体一起定义并维持地球上有利于生命存续的条件。科学家们一致认为，我们需要采取重大行动来控制排放。但是，尽管科学家和民众运动迄今未能说服世界采取行动，地球母亲似乎已经成功了，带来了前所未见的新型冠状病毒肺炎。新型冠状病毒肺炎给人们带来可灾难，这为人类敲响了警钟，气候变化需要人类采取行动。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段Inthe1970s,chemistJamesLovelockandmicrobiologistLynnMargulis-1-developedtheGaiahypothesis（盖亚假说）:allorganicandinorganiccomponentsontheplanetarepartofoneself-regulatingsystem,workingtomaintainlifeonearth.Scientistsagreethatweneedtakesignificantactiontocontrolemissions（排放）.Butwherescientistsandpopularmovementshavethusfarfailedtoconvincetheworldtoact,itseemsthatMotherEarthmayhavesucceeded,withthenever-before-seenCOVID-19.“20世纪70年代，化学家詹姆斯·洛夫洛克和微生物学家林恩·马古利斯提出了盖亚假说:地球上所有的有机和无机成分都是一个自我调节系统的一部分，维持着地球上的生命。科学家们一致认为，我们需要采取重大行动来控制排放。但是，尽管科学家和民众运动迄今未能说服世界采取行动，地球母亲似乎已经成功了，带来了前所未见的2019冠状病毒。”由此判断出，作者提到Gaiahypothesis是为了介绍讨论的主题。故选B。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段第一、二句COVID-19isestimatedtohavereducedcarbondioxideemission据估计，新冠肺炎使中国的二氧化碳排放量减少了四分之一。导致它们的碳足迹显著减少。”由此可知，第二段讲述的是COVID-19的意外益处。故选A。inChinabyaquarter.resultinginasignificantreductionoftheircarbonfootprints.“【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句Thedeathsofthousandsofpeopleworldwideshouldalsoserveasalastingreminderofthefragilityoflife.“全世界成千上万人的死亡也应成为生命脆弱性的一个持久的提醒。”可知，“我们人类经常忽略或压抑关于死亡和灭绝的不舒服的想法。”由此推知划线词的意思是“控制，压抑”。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。最后一段中Onlyinthefaceofsufferinganddeathareweforcedtoviewthebigger,longer-termperspective—andthisiswhatisneededinordertoreactappropriatelytoclimatechange.“只有在面对苦难和死亡的时候，我们才会被迫从更长远的角度来看待问题，而这正是应对气候变化所需要的。”由此判断出，气候变化需要人类采取行动。故选D。CScreentimeincreasesby300percentbetweentheagesof1and3accordingtoarecentstudy.Inaperfectworld,parentswouldalwayschooseoutdoortimeoverscreentime.Butformanyparents,decreasingscreentimeisn'tassimpleasitsounds.That'sbecausescreensareincreasinglyusedasanentertainmentanddistraction（分心）toolforkidswhichparentsthinkisnecessaryduetoalackofqualitychildcare.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentdefinesaffordablechildcareascarecostingnomorethan7-1-percentofafamily'stotalincome,yetmorethan40percentoffamiliessaytheysetasidemorethan15percentoftheirtotalincomeforit,accordingtoa2019surveypublishedbyCare.com.AffordablechildcareinAmericaisadream.“Screentimeisusedasalastsubstituteforchildcareformanyfamilies,”sayslicensedchildtherapist（治疗师）KatieLear.“Particularlyforparentswhoworkfromhome,itcanbehardtojustifyhiringacaregiverorpayingfordaycare.Andyetchildrenneedtobeabletokeepthemselvesoccupiedduringimportantworkcalls.TurningontheTVcanbuytheparentsomevaluabletimeduringwhatcanbeaverytiringday."Ifaffordablechildcarewasn'tjustadaydream,ifthesystemwehavewasn'tdependentontwoincomes,ifparentscouldactuallyaffordnottowork50+hoursaweek,ifchildcarecenterscouldaffordtopaytheirworkersadesirablewage,thenmaybe,we'dseescreentimedecreaseinsteadofincrease.WeknowourkidsshouldbeinteractingwithsomethingotherthanYouTubevideosandflashgamesforhoursaweek.Butbeforewefixourbrokensystemandbeforeaffordable,qualitychildcarebecomesareality,parentsandcaregiversaregoingtodowhatevertheycantomakeit,andthatincludesusingscreensaspassivechildcare.8.Whydoparentsallowtheirchildrentospendmuchtimeonscreens?A.Topleasetheirchildren.B.Tomakeupthelackofqualitychildcare.C.Toattractkids'attentiontoclassesonline.D.Tohelpchildrenlearnaboutnecessarytechnology.9.WhatdothestatisticsinParagraph2indicate?A.Childcareworkershavehighincome.B.ChildcarecentersarepopularinAmerica.C.Childcareisaheavyburdenforparents.D.Childcareissupportedbylocalgovernment.10.WhyisLearmentionedinthetext?A.Touncoverthereasonforscreentimeaschildcare.B.Toprovetheadvantagesofadoptingc-products.C.Topresentthewaysofparents'improvingchildcare.D.Toexplainthebenefitsofhiringacaregiver.11.What'sthekeyinreducingchildren'sscreentime?A.Enoughcompanytime.B.Highincomeinthefamily.-1-C.TurningofftheTV.D.Hiringacaregiver.【答案】【解析】【分析】8.B9.C10.A11.A这是一篇说明文。根据最近的一项研究，由于父母支付不起高质量的保育费用，1岁到3岁的孩子在电子产品的屏幕前的时间增加了300%。减少儿童看屏幕时间的关键是“足够的陪伴时间”。【8题详解】第一段中That'sbecausescreensareincreasinglyusedasanentertainmentanddistraction（分心）toolforkidswhichparentsthinkisnecessaryduetoalackofqualitychildcare.必要的，因为缺乏细节理解题。根据“这是因为屏幕越来越多地被用作孩子们的娱乐和分散注意力的工具，家长们认为这是高质量的托儿服务。”由此可知，家长允许孩子花很多时间在屏幕上是为了来弥补高质量儿童保育的不足。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段TheUnitedStatesgovernmentdefinesaffordablechildcareascarecostingnomorethan7percentofafamily'stotalincome,yetmorethan40percentoffamiliessaytheysetasidemorethan15percentoftheirtotalincomeforit,accordingtoa2019surveypublishedbyCare.com.“根据美国护理协会(care)2019年发布超过家庭总收入40%的家庭表示，他们为托儿服务留出了总收入的15%以上。”第二段的数字表明“照顾孩子对父母来说是个沉重的负担。”故选C。的一项调查，美国政府将负担得起的托儿服务定义为花费不7%的护理，但超过由此可知，【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Particularlyforparentswhoworkfromhome,itcanbehardtojustifyhiringacaregiverorpayingfordaycare.Andyetchildrenneedtobeabletokeepthemselvesoccupiedduringimportantworkcalls.TurningontheTVcanbuytheparentsomevaluabletimeduringwhatcanbeaverytiringday."“特别是对于那些在家工作的父母来说，很难雇佣保姆或支付日托费用。然而，孩子们需要在重要的工作电话中让自己保持忙碌。打开电视可以为父母在疲惫的一天中赢得一些宝贵的时间。由此判断出，Lear被提到是为了找出孩子在屏幕前的原因。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ifaffordablechildcarewasn'tjustadaydream,ifthesystemwehavewasn'tdependentontwoincomes,ifparentscouldactuallyaffordnottowork50+hoursaweek,ifchildcarecenterscouldaffordtopaytheirworkersadesirablewage,thenmaybe,we'dseescreentimedecreaseinsteadofincrease.“如果负担得起照顾孩子不只是一个白日梦,如果保育系统-1-不依赖于两个收入,如果家长每周不工作50+小时,儿童保育中心可以支付工人的工资,那么,我们会看到屏幕上的时间减少,而不是增加。”由此判断出，减少儿童看屏幕时间的关键是“足够的陪伴时间”。故选A。【点睛】在细节考查题中有一类事实细节题。该题属于细节类型的阅读理解题，一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人、物发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。本题第1小题，根据第一段中That'sbecausescreensareincreasinglyusedasanentertainmentanddistraction（分心）toolforkidswhichparentsthinkisnecessaryduetoalackofqualitychildcare.“这是因为屏幕越来越多地被用作孩子们的娱乐和分散注意力的工具，家长们认为这是必要的，因为缺乏高质量的托儿服务。”由此可知，家长允许孩子花很多时间在屏幕上是为了来弥补高质量儿童保育的不足。故选B。DAbutterfly'swingscanhavemanyjobsbesideskeepingtheinsectintheair.Theymaybecalledontoattractmates,towarnpotentialenemiestostayaway,todootheranimalsoreventoprovidedisguise（伪装）.Alloftheseroles,though,dependontheircolouration—whichisunchanging.Thisplaysintotheideathatbutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird'sfeathersoramammal'shair.Infact,thatisnottrue.Forexample,insomespeciesmales'wingsharbourspecialcellsthatreleasechemicalswhichattractfemales.NanfangYu,aphysicistatColumbiaUniversity,inNewYork,hasbeenlookingintothematter.Oneofhisinterestsistheoptical（光学的）propertiesofbiologicalmaterials.Thathasledhimtostudybutterflywingsinmoredetail.And,incooperationwithNaomiPierce,abutterflyspecialistatHarvardUniversity,hehasnowshown,inapaperpublishedthisweekinNatureCommunications,thatbutterflywingsare,indeed,verymuchalive.Initially,DrYuandDrPiercewantedtoknowhowtheinsectskeeptheirbodytemperaturesupwithouttheirwingsoverheating.Unlikebirdsandmammals,butterfliesdonotproduceenoughinternalheattometabolize（新陈代谢）.Instead,theyrelyonoutsideheatsources—usuallythesun—tobringtheirbodiesuptospeed.Buttheirwings,beingthinproteinmembranes（膜）,havealimitedthermalcapacity.Thosewingscanthereforeoverheatquicklyiftheinsectsareexposedtothesunlighttoolong,or,oppositely,cancooldowntoorapidlyiftheyareflyingthroughcoldair.Intheirexperiments,thetworesearchersusedalaser（激光）toheatupspotsonthewings-1-ofdozensofbutterflyspecies.Whenthetemperatureoftheareaunderthelaserreached40℃orso,theinsectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheatingupfurther.Theseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimizeitsexposuretothelaser,beatingitswingsorsimplywalkingaway.12.What'sDrYu'sdiscoveryaboutbutterflywings?A.Theycontaindeadtissue.B.Theyaretoothintostoreheat.C.Theyhavedifferentfunctions.D.Theyreactquicklytohighheat.13.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothetext?A.Butterfliesmetabolizecompletelywithitsinternalheat.B.Chemicalsfrombutterflywingshelpdriveawaythreats.C.Thecolorofbutterfly'swingskeepsfixed.D.Theresearchersachievedbiginopticalproperties.14.Howcanabutterflystopitswingsoverheating?A.Byprovidingheatitself.B.Byflyingthroughcoldair.C.Byremovingthesourceofheat.D.Byadjustingtheirheatingsurface.15.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.AResearchintoButterflyWingsB.TheJobsofButterflyWingsC.ButterflyWings:DeadorAliveD.ButterflyWingsTemperatureChanges【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。普遍认为蝴蝶翅膀是死亡组织的观点，就像鸟的羽毛或哺乳动物的毛发一样。但事实并非如此，经过研究证实蝴蝶的翅膀确实是活的。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句Whenthetemperatureoftheareaunderthelaserreached40℃or-1-so,theinsectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheatingupfurther.“当激光照射的区域温度达到40℃左右时，昆虫会在几秒钟内做出反应，停止翅膀进一步升温。”由此可知，他们对高温方应迅速。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Alloftheseroles,though,dependontheircolouration—whichisunchanging.“然而,所有这些角色都取决于它们不变的色彩。由此可知蝴蝶翅膀的颜色是固定的。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中theinsectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheatingupfurther.Theseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimizeitsexposuretothelaser,beatingitswingsorsimplywalkingaway.“昆虫在几秒钟内做了一些事情,阻止了他们的翅膀进一步加热。这些动作包括蝴蝶转身以减少暴露在激光下的时间，拍打翅膀或者干脆走开。”由此可知，蝴蝶通过调整受热表面，来阻止翅膀的过热。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句Thisplaysintotheideathatbutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird'sfeathersoramammal'shair.“这正好印证乳动物的毛发一样。”和第三段最后一句是活的。”所以短文的最佳标题为“蝴蝶的翅膀【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，意义和义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,concludeindicate等标志性词语。本题第3小题，根据最后一段中theinsectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheating了蝴蝶翅膀是死亡组织的观点，就像鸟的羽毛或哺thatbutterflywingsare,indeed,verymuchalive.“蝴蝶的翅膀确实:死的还是活的”。故选C。从而得到文章的隐含深层意推理题的upfurther.Theseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimizeitsexposuretothelaser,beatingitswingsorsimplywalkingaway.“昆虫在几秒钟内做了一些事情,阻止了他们的翅膀进一步加热。这些动作包括蝴蝶转身以减少暴露在激光下的时间，拍打翅膀或者干脆走开。”由此可知，蝴蝶通过调整受热表面，来阻止翅膀的过热。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhenyouthinkoftheArctic,youimagineanicylandofpurewhitesnow.OthersimagineitasthelastreallycleanplaceleftonEarth.Wehavepollutedthedeepestoceanswithplastictrash,____16____-1-GermanscientistshaverecentlyfoundmicroplasticsinArcticsnow.____17____Sadly,thescientistsfound1,800piecesofmicroplasticperliterofsnow.HowisplasticpollutionreachingtheArctic?Accordingtoscientists."It'sapparentthatthemajorityofthemicroplasticsinthesnowcomesfromtheair."Theyfalloffplasticobjectsandaremovedbythewind,justlikedust.___18___FindingtheseplasticsinArcticsnowmeansthatwemaybreathethemin.Anevenhigheramountofmicroplasticwasfoundinthesnowaroundcities.Thehighconcentrationsfoundinsnowsamplessuggestmicroplastics,whichcontainrubberorchemicalsusedinsyntheticfabrics（混合纤维）,maycausesignificantairpollution.____19____Scientistscannotanswerthisquestionfornow,accordingtotheworldHealthOrganization.Wedoknowthatourbodiescannottakein"large"piecesofmicroplastics.However,iftheplasticsaresmallenough,theycanfindwaysintoourbodiesandstaythereforalongtime.What'smore,earlierstudieshaveshownthatmicroplasticsmaycontributetolungcancerrisk,heighteningtheneedtofurtherassesstherisksoftakingthemin,thestudysaid.Microplasticshavealsobeenfoundinriversandoceansaroundtheworld.Previousresearchhasfoundthattheyflowoverlongdistancesandintoouroceans,damagingecosystemsalongtheway.____20____Thewastewaterthenflowsintoriversandouttosea,wheretheyareeatenbyseaanimals.Ifpeopletheneattheseanimals,itmeansthatwe'reeatingtheplasticaswell.A.Aretheybadforus?B.andnowit'stheArctic'sturn.C.soweshouldtakeactiontoprotecttheworld.D.Theymixwithiceintheairandfalltothegroundassnow.E.Microplasticsarepiecesofplasticsmallerthan5millimeters.F.Theystartinourwaterwhenwewashclotheswithplasticfibers.G.Isplasticpollutiondoinggreatdamagetoourglobaleconomy?【答案】16.B17.E18.D19.A20.F【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍塑料已经污染了北极。【16题详解】分析句子结构Wehavepollutedthedeepestoceanswithplastictrash,____1____此处应该是一个并列句、从句或非谓语动词的句子，所以应该在B/C中选择。根据前半句Wehavepollutedthedeepest-1-oceanswithplastictrash,“我们的塑料垃圾已经污染了海洋最深处。”由此可知，B项andnowit'stheArctic'sturn.（现在轮到北极了。）切题。故选B。【17题详解】根据上文提示“德国科学家最近在北极雪中发现了微塑料。”再根据下文提示“不幸的是，科学家们发现每升雪含有1800片塑料微粒。”承接上下文，E项Microplasticsarepiecesofplasticsmallerthan5millimeters.（微塑料是小于5毫米的塑料。）切题。故选E。【18题详解】根据上文提示“它们从塑料物体上掉下来，被风吹走，就像灰尘一样。”再根据下文提示“在北极雪中发现这些塑料意味着我们可能会吸入它们。”承接上下文，D项Theymixwithiceintheairandfalltothegroundassnow.（它们与空气中的冰混合，然后像雪一样落到地上。）切题。故选D。【19题详解】根据下文提示“根据世界卫生组织，科学家目前还不能回答这个问题。”承接下文，A项Aretheybadforus?（它们对我们有害吗?）切题。故选A。【20题详解】根据上文提示“先前的研发究现，它们会长距离地流入海洋，沿途破坏生态系统。”再根据下文提示“废水然后流入河流，流入大海，被海洋动物吃掉。”承接上下文，F项Theystartinourwaterwhenwewashclotheswithplasticfibers.（当我们洗涤的衣服中含有塑料纤维时，微塑料便会残留在污水中。）切题。故选F。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Expecttheunexpected“Nothingisevereasy!”Acoupleofdaysago,mygrandfatherwas____21____hisfavoriteexpression.Thefollowingday,asIcompletedmywork,I____22____abeeontheskylight（天窗）Thoughtheskylightwasparticularlyhigh,Ithought____23____thebeewouldtakeonlyfiveminutes.Anhourlater,thebeestillremained.WhathadchangedwasthattheroomwasmessyandthatIwas____24____fromlookingupintothesunlight.Ididn'texpecttowasteanhouronaninsectso____25____.butbydoingso,Iunderstoodwhatmygrandfathermeant.Itisnotonlytimewetendtounderestimate—wedon't____26____unexpectedcosts.Weoftenimaginewhatworkinour____27____,butseldomconsidernegativethingsthatcould____28____us.-1-However,itisimportanttorememberthatthingsmightnotgoas____29____,whichisnormal.Itis_____30_____acceptabletofeelchallenged—evenasimpletask,becausethatispartoflife.Ifyouacceptthat,lifemightseemmore_____31_____.Inmiddleschool,IthoughthighschoolmightbeeasierbecauseIcouldchoosethe_____32_____Iwantedtotake.Inhighschool,Ithought_____33_____mightbeeasierbecauseIwouldhavea_____34_____suitedformyself.Yeteachtime,Iwaswrongand_____35_____.Afteracceptingschoolwouldn'tbeeasy,Ifoundmyselfwithamore_____36_____attitude.Certainly,thereshouldbepreparationstotake_____37_____andtimeintoconsideration.Itcanhelpyou_____38_____yourgoalsinabetterway.However,thereisno_____39_____toblameourselveswhensomethingstandsinourpath.Maybewecannotseeabeecomingourway,butwecangiveourselvesthe_____40_____timetocatchit.21.A.studying22.A.feltB.provingB.savedB.removingB.sickC.explainingC.spottedC.keepingC.afraidD.teachingD.searchedD.protectingD.pleasedD.dangerousD.improveonD.favor23.A.moving24.A.dizzy25.A.lovelyB.tinyC.busy26.A.accountforB.giveupC.cutdownC.mind27.A.lifeB.turn28.A.affect29.A.knownB.inspireB.plannedB.occasionallyB.manageableB.booksC.entertainC.confirmedC.perfectlyC.unbearableC.notesD.cheatD.mentionedD.slightlyD.changeableD.classesD.marriageD.scheduleD.frightenedD.positiveD.prices30.A.rarely31.A.reasonable32.A.measures33.A.college34.A.career35.A.delighted36.A.objective37.A.costsB.workC.lifeB.dreamC.experienceC.disappointedC.selfishC.worthB.amazedB.conservativeB.value38.A.shareB.setC.evaluateC.needD.accomplishD.way39A.possibilityB.importance40.A.limitedB.extraC.equalD.precious-1-【答案】21.C22.C23.B24.A25.B26.A27.D28.A29.B30.C31.B32.D33.A34.D35.C36.D37.A38.D39.C40.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过花一个小时抓蜜蜂的故事，告诉我们“接受意料之外的事情”，证明了“没有什么是容易的!”【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“没有什么是容易的!”“几天前，我爷爷在解释他最喜欢的表达。A.studying学习；B.proving结果是；C.explaining解释；D.teaching教。根据第1空后的hisfavoriteexpression.可知，此处指爷爷“解释”最喜欢的表达。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，当我完成我的工作时，我在天窗上发现了一只蜜蜂。A.felt感到；B.saved挽救；C.spotted发现；D.searched搜寻。根据第2空后的abeeontheskylight可知，此处指“发现”一只蜜蜂。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然天窗特别高，但我想把蜜蜂弄走只需要五分钟。A.moving移动；B.removing移除；C.keeping保持；D.protecting保护。根据第3空后的thebeewouldtakeonlyfiveminutes.Anhou