高低语境-跨文化交际演示教学

高低语境_跨文化交际精品文档1Highcontextculture（高语境文化）：Culturesinwhichlesshastobesaidorwrittenbecausemoreofthemeaningisinthephysicalenvironmentoralreadysharedbypeoplearelabeledhighcontext（.在高语境文化中，在人们交际时，有较多的信息量或者蕴涵在社会文化环境和情景中，或者内化于交际者的心中；相对地讲，明显的语码则负载较少的信息量。这也意味着，在强交际环境文化的人们对微妙的环境提示较为敏感。）2Lowcontextculture（低语境文化）：Culturesinwhichlittleofthemeaningisdeterminedbythecontextbecausethemessageisencodedintheexplicitcodearelabeledlowcontext（.在低语境文化中，交际过程中所产生的信息量的大部分由显性的语码负载，相对地讲，只有少量的信息蕴涵在隐性的环境和情景中。这也意味着，在低语境文化中的人们习惯用语言本身的力量来进行交际。）3GeneralIntroductiontoHigh-contextandLow-contextCulturesAnthropologistEdwardT.Hall’stheoryofhigh-andlow-contextculturehelpsusbetterunderstandthepowerfuleffectculturehasoncommunication.Akeyfactorinhistheoryiscontext.Thisrelatestotheframework,background,andsurroundingcircumstancesinwhichcommunicationoraneventtakesplace.High-contextcultures(includingmuchoftheMiddleEast,Asia,Africa,andSouthAmerica)arerelational,collectivist,intuitive,andcontemplative.Thismeansthatpeopleintheseculturesemphasizeinterpersonalrelationships.Developingtrustisanimportantfirststeptoanybusinesstransaction.AccordingtoHall,theseculturesarecollectivist,preferringgroupharmonyandconsensustoindividualachievement.Andpeopleintheseculturesarelessgovernedbyreasonthanbyintuitionorfeelings.Wordsarenotsoimportantascontext,whichmightincludethespeaker’stoneofvoice,facialexpression,gestures,posture—andeventheperson’sfamilyhistoryandstatus.AJapanesemanagerexplainedhisculture’scommunicationstyletoanAmerican:―Wareahomogeneouspeopleanddon’thavetospeakasmuchasereyou.Whendowesayoneword,weunderstandten,buthereyouhavetosaytentounderstandone.High-contextcommunicationtendstobemoreindirectandmoreformal.Flowerylanguage,收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档humility,andelaborateapologiesaretypical.Low-contextcultures(includingNorthAmericaandmuchofWesternEurope)arelogical,linear,individualistic,andaction-oriented.Peoplefromlow-contextculturesvaluelogic,facts,anddirectness.Solvingaproblemmeansliningupthefactsandevaluatingoneafteranother.Decisionsarebasedonfactratherthanintuition.Discussionsendwithactions.Andcommunicatorsareexpectedtobestraightforward,concise,andefficientintellingwhatactionisexpected.Tobeabsolutelyclear,theystrivetouseprecisewordsandintendthemtobetakenliterally.Explicitcontractsconcludenegotiations.Thisisverydifferentfromcommunicatorsinhigh-contextcultureswhodependlessonlanguageprecisionandlegaldocuments.High-contextbusinesspeoplemayevendistrustcontractsandbeoffendedbythelackoftrusttheysuggest.3Cross-culturaltips不同语境文化的三个语言表达特点：（一）言外之意我们首先注意到是言语中传情达意成分的多寡。此处的传意成分不同于信息量：如果说信息量是指言语所传递的信息多寡的话，那么传意成分则偏重于信息背后的 ―意，即那一点点的言外之意。（二）长话短听其次是言语交际中的用语量大小。人们可能会以为，低语境文化的言语交际全靠话语的字面意义来传递信息，因此人们在交际时就不得不使用更多的词语、更长的句子。其实不然。正如我们在前面所提到的，来自低语境文化的人倾向于使用传意成分高的词语，在遣词用字方面讲求精确、直接、不拐弯抹角，每一个词都能起到其实际的传意效果，因此他们的用语量并不大。 反观高语境文化。由于人们使用的是传意成分偏低的言语表达方式，词语附带的理解价值也就相对较低，因此人们可能得讲上好几个回合，兼用婉曲、双关甚至反语，才能间接勾勒出其言的理解背景。收集于网络，如有