2021届南京市东庐中学高三英语期末试卷及参考答案

2021届南京市东庐中学高三英语期末试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ADuringancienttimes,childrendidn’thavesmartphones,iPadorcomputerstoentertainthemselves.Instead,theycameupwithinterestinggamestoplay.★StoneballsDuringtheQingDynasty,kickingastoneballaroundwasapopularsportinthenorthernpartofChina,anditwasoftenplayedinthewintertoprotectkidsfromthecold.Stoneswerecarvedintosmallballsandkickedalongwithfeet.In1999,thesportwasincludedinthe6thNationalEthnicGroupTraditionalSportsMeetingheldinBeijing.★FlyingkitesKiteshavequitealonghistory.Theearliestkitesweremadeofwood,insteadofpaper.Nowadays,thefourmostfamouskitesaretheBeijingkite,Tianjinkite,WeifangkiteandNantongkite,ofwhicheachhasdistinctivefeatures.Thekitewhichresemblesaswallowisawell-knownBeijingstyle.★Hide-and-seekHide-and-seekisatraditionalgameforchildren,populararoundthenation.Therearetwowaystoplay:coveringachild'seyeswhileotherkidsrunaroundtotease（戏弄）himor,morecommonly,participantshideandonechildmusttrytofindthem.★PlayingdiabolosAdiaboloisalwaysmadeofwoodorbambooandhasemptyspaceinthecenter.Byjuggling（边抛边接）thediaboloontherope,thehigh-speedspinningdiaboloswillmakeasoundlikeawhistle.Playingdiabolosisaninterestingfolkgame,especiallypopularinNorthChina.Playingdiaboloswasalsoincludedinthefirstgroupofnationalintangibleculturalheritage（非物质文化遗产）..Whydidancientchildrenoftenplaystoneballsinthewinter?A.Topracticetheirfeet. B.Towarmthemselves.C.Totraintheirskills. D.Torelaxthemselves..Whichkitesareswallow-shaped?A.Weifangkites.B.Tianjinkites.C.Beijingkites.D.Nantongkites..Whydoesplayingdiabolosmakeasound?A.Becausethediabolo’scenterisempty..Becausethehigh-speedspinningdiaboloislight.C.Becausethediaboloisequippedwithawhistle.D.Becauseropes’surfacemovesagainstthediabolo’s.BScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（麻省理工学院）haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.TheMITteamworkedwithBerlin-basedartistTomasSaracenototake2D（two-dimensional）laser（激光）scansofaspiderweb,whichwerelinkedtogetherandmadeintoamathematicalmodelthatcouldrecreatethewebin3DinVR（virtualreality）.TheyalsoworkedwithMIT’smusicdepartmenttocreatethevirtualinstrument.“Eventhoughtheweblooksreallyrandom（随机），thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructuresandyoucanvisualize（可视化）themandyoucanlookatthem,butit’sreallyhardtograspforthehumanimaginationorhumanbraintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails,”saidMITengineeringprofessorMarkusBuehler,whopresentedtheworkonMondayatavirtualmeetingoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.ListeningtothemusicwhilemovingthroughtheVRspiderwebletsyouseeandhearthesestructuralchangesandgivesabetterideaofhowspidersseetheworld,hetoldCNN.“Spidersusevibrations（振动）asawaytolocatethemselves,tocommunicatewithotherspidersandsotheideaofthinkingreallylikeaspiderwouldexperiencetheworldwassomethingthatwasveryimportanttousasspidermaterialscientists,”Buehlersaid.Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesorsupports,sohavingabetterideaofhowtheyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvancednew3Dprintingtechniques.“ThereasonwhyIdidthatisIwantedtobeabletogetinformationreallyfromthespiderworld,whichisveryweirdandmysterious,”Buehlerexplained.Inadditiontothescientificvalue,Buehlersaidthewebsaremusicallyinterestingandthatyoucanhearthesoundsthespidercreatesduringconstruction.“It’sunusualandeerieandscary,butfinallybeautiful.”hedescribed.WhathaveMITscientistsdoneaccordingtothepassage?Theyhavetranslatedspiderwebsintosounds.Theyhavemadeamathematicalmodeltoproducewebs.Theyhavecreatedasoundtracktocatchspiders.Theyhaveknownhowspiderscommunicate.Whatcanweknowaboutspiderwebsfromparagraph3?Theirstructuresarebeautifulandclear.ProfessorMarkusBuehlerknowsthemwell.TheAmericanChemicalSocietypresentstheresult.Theyarecomplexforpeopletofigureitout.Inwhichfieldwillthestudybehelpful?A.virtualreality B.printingC.painting D.film-makingWhatisthemainideaofthepassage?Ittellsusthatthemusiccreatedbyspidersisscary.Itshowshowtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment.Itpresentsanewandcreativewaytostudyspiders.Itexplainswhyscientistsdidtheexperiment.CWhataday!Istartedatmynewschoolthismorningandhadthebesttime.Imadelotsofnewfriendsandreallylikedmyteachers.Iwasnervousthenightbefore,butIhadnoreasontobe.Everyonewassofriendlyandpolite.Theymademefeelatease.ItwaslikeI'dbeenattheschoolforahundredyears!Thedaystartedveryearlyat7:00am.Ihadmybreakfastdownstairswithmymom.ShecouldtellthatIwasverynervous.Momkeptaskingmewhatwaswrong.ShetoldmeIhadnothingtoworryaboutandthateveryonewasgoingtoloveme.Iftheydidn'tloveme,Momsaidtosendthemherwayforagoodtalkingto.Icouldn'tstoplaughing.Mymomdroppedmeoffattheschoolgatesaboutfiveminutesbeforethebell.Alittleblondegirlgotdroppedoffatthesametimeandstartedwavingatme.SheranoverandtoldmehernamewasAbigail.Shewasveryniceandwebecameclosestraightaway.WespentallmorningtogetherandbegantotalktoanothergirlcalledStacey.Thethreeofussattogetherinclassalldayandweevenmadeourwayhometogether!Itwentsoquickly.Ourteachertoldusthattomorrowwewouldreallystartlearninganddevelopingnewskills.IcannotwaituntiltomorrowandfeelasthoughIamreallygoingtoenjoymytimeatmynewschool.Ionlyhopethatmynewfriendsfeelthesamewaytoo.Howdidtheauthorfeelthenightbeforehernewschool?A.Tired.B.ConfidentC.Worried.D.homesickWhatdidtheauthorthinkofhermother’sadvice?A.Clear. B.Funny. C.Optional D.RespectableWhathappenedontheauthor'sfirstdayofschool?A.Shemetmanynicepeople. B.Shehadahurriedbreakfast.C.Shelearnedtomenewskills. D.Shearrivedatschoolveryearly.WhatcanweinferaboutAbigail?A.ShedislikedStacey. B.Shewasshyandquiet.C.Shegotonwellwiththeauthor. D.Shewasanoldfriendoftheauthor.DNewspapersinGreatBritainvarygreatlyintheirwaysofcarryingthenews.Thereareseriouspapersforthosewhowanttoknowaboutimportanthappeningseverywhere,bothathomeandabroad.Therearepopularnewspapersforthosewhopreferentertainmenttoinformation.TheLondonnewspaperthatisbestknownoutsideGreatBritainisprobablytheTimes.Itbeganin1785,andhasahighreputationforbelievablenewsandseriousopinionsonthenews.Itcallsitselfanindependentpaper,whichmeansthatitdoesnotgiveitssupporttoaparticularpoliticalparty.Itsleadingarticlesgivetheopinionsoftheeditors,notthoseoftheownersofthepaper.Letterstotheeditorareprintedinthenewspaper.ThesepartsoftheTimesarealwaysinteresting.Mostofthelettersareserioussubjects.Butfromtimetotimetherewillbelonglettersonthesubjectwhichisnotatallserious,perhapsonanewfashionofdress,orthebadmannersoftheyoungpeople,comparedwithmannersofthirtyyearsago.Ifyouwanttogetpleasure,pleasebuyyourself .A.aseriousnewspaper B.foreignnewspaperC.anyindependentpaper D.apopularnewspaperTheTimeshasbeenfamoustooutsideGreatBritainfor years.A.19 B.85 C.236 D.229TheTimesisanindependentpaperbecause .itsupportsnopoliticalpartiesitisnotcontrolledbytheBritishGovernmentitgivesspecialsupporttoallthepoliticalparties.theeditor’sopinionsarenotexaminedbytheownersofthepaperTheunderlinedword“vary”inthepassageprobablymeans“ ”.A.improve B.competewitheachotherC.aredifferent D.keepintouchwitheachother第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Perhapsyourdoctorhasrecommendedyouexercisemore,oryou’vebeenoutofshaperecently. 16 .Buthowdoyoufindthemotivation,timeandresourcestogetfit,particularlyifyouhaven’texercisedforawhile?Forsomepeople,hearingbadnewsfromthedoctorisoftenenoughmotivationtogetstarted. 17 .However,findingthetimeandefforttofitexerciseintoyourdailyroutineischallenging. 18 .Andmanypeoplesuchasofficeworkers,vehicleormachineoperatorshavelowactivitylevelsatworkanddon’tfeellikeexercisingafteralongday.Onewaytoovercomethesebarriers（障碍）mightbetoattendagroupexercisesessionorjoinasportsclub. 19 ,youcanencourageafriendtojoinyouorjoinanexercisegrouptomakeitenjoyable.Havingafriendtoexercisewithorteammatestosupportyougivesasenseofcommitmentsothatyouhavetobethereandwillbechallengedifyoufailtoshowup.Youdon’tneedtogotoagymwithalotoffancyequipment. 20 .Andratherthanimprovingmusclestrengthwithweightsatthegym,youcanfillmilkbottleswithwaterinstead.IfyoufindexerciseboringWhenyouperformaerobicexerciseMaybeyou’vedecidedthatit’stimetolosesomeweightThat’swhyit’simportanttocontinueandrepeatexercisesessionsWeknowbeing“timepoof”isacommonreasonfornotexercisingManyexercises,includingpush-upsandsit-ups,don’tneedspecialequipmentSoit’sagoodideatogetahealthcheckbeforestartingifyouhaven’texercisedforyears第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项WhenPatJonesfinishedcollege，shedecidedtotravelaroundtheworldandseeasmanyforeignplacesasshecould 21 shewasyoung.PatwantedtovisitLatinAmerica 22 ，soshegotajob 23 anEnglishteacherinaschoolinBolivia.PatspokealittleSpanish， 24 shewasabletocommunicatewithherstudentsevenwhentheydidn’t 25 muchEnglish.Asentenceshehadreadsomewherestuckinhermind:ifyoudream 26 aforeignlanguage，youhavereallymastered（掌握）it.Patrepeatedthissentencetoherstudentsand27thatsomedayshewoulddreaminSpanishandtheywoulddreamin 28 .Oneday，oneofher 29 studentscameupandexplainedinSpanishthathehadnotdonehishomework.Hehad 30 earlyandhadslept 31 .“Whatdoesthishavetodowithyour 32 ？”Patasked.“Idreamedallnight，MissJones.AndmydreamwasinEnglish.”“InEnglish？”Patwasvery 33 ，sincehewassuchabadstudent.Shewas 34 secretlyjealous（嫉妒的）.Her35wasstillnotinSpanish.Butsheencouraged（鼓励）heryoungstudent.“Well, 36 meaboutyourdream.”“Allthepeopleinthedream 37 English.”thestudentsaid.“AndallthesignswereinEnglish.AllthenewspapersandmagazinesandalltheTVprogramswereinEnglish.”“Butthat’s 38 ，”saidPat.“Whatdidallthepeoplesaytoyou？”“I’msorry，MissJones.That’s 39 Isleptsobadly.Ididn’t 40 awordtheysaid.Itwasanightmare（噩梦）！”21.A.becauseB.whileC.if D.since22.A.firstB.atfirstC.last D.atlast23.A.forB.ofC.as D.like24.A.andB.butC.so D.yet25.A.sayB.knowC.read D.write26.A.inB.aboutC.of D.for27.A.thoughtB.realizedC.hoped D.wanted28.A.EnglishB.SpanishC.Russian D.German29.A.brightB.excellentC.best D.worst30.A.gotupB.gonetobedC.stayedup D.wokenup31.A.wellB.soundlyC.badly D.happily32.A.EnglishB.languageC.dream D.homework33.A.surprisedB.worriedC.pleased D.excited34.A.yetB.seldomC.also D.still35.A.studyB.classC.wordD.dream36.A.answerB.writeC.tellD.ask37.A.readB.likedC.spokeD.learned38.A.funnyB.terribleC.wonderfulD.strange39.A.howB.whyC.whenD.because40.A.hearB.understandC.knowD.remember第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Chang’e-5MissionSuccessfullyReturnsMoonsamplestoEarthAfterweeksofspacetravel,China'sChang’e-5probe(探测)cametoEarth41.freshlunarrockandsoilsamplesonthemorningofDec.17,2020,thereturnercapsuleof 42. landedatthedesignatedlandingsiteinSiziwangBannerinnorthChina’sInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion.ZhangKejian,headof 43. ChinaNationalSpaceAgency(CNSA),declaredChang’e-5missionasuccess, 44. (mark)theconclusionofChina’slunarexploration.Ata 45. (high)about10kmaboveground,aparachute(降落伞)opened,andthereturnerlanded 46. (smooth).Anairteamwhowereinhelicopters47.(spot)thecapsuleusinginfrared(红夕卜线的)cameras,whileagroundteamfollowedinSUVstoreachthelandingsite 48. (cover)withsnow. 49. thescientistsdidonChang’e-5paidoffatlast,whichinspiresmoreandmoreChinesepeople 50. (devote)themselvestofurtherspaceresearch.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节短文改错(满分10分)51.作文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(回)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。TodayItookpartinanEnglishsingingcompetitioninourschool.MostofthesingersandaudiencehavebeentherewhenIarrivedatthehall.Seethelargeaudience,Istartedtofeellittlenervous.Aftersometimes,itwasyourturntosing.Whenthehostreadmynameout,theaudienceburstintoagreatcheer,andmyheartbegantobeatreallyfastly.ThesongIsingwasCountryRoad,thatisaveryfamouspieceofAmericancountrymusic.Ihadpracticedforitmanytimes,andIdidn’tthinkIhaddoneaverygoodjob.Anyway,Iwasstillveryexcitedbecauseparticipatingwasthemostimportantthing.第二节书面表达（满分25分）52.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。续写的词数150左右。RobertandHenryweretwofriendsinthesameclass.Theyalwaysplayedtogetherandwenthometogether.Oneday,RobertandHenryweregoinghomefromschool.Onturningacornner,Robertcriedout,“Afight!Let’sgoandsee!”“No”saidHenry.“Letusgohomequietlyandnotmeddlewith（管闲事）thisquarrel.Wehavenothingtodowithitandmaygetintotrouble.AlsoourparentsareexpectingtohavedinnerwithustogetherandIdon’twantthemtoworryaboutme.”“Youareacoward（懦夫）,andafraidtogo,”sai