动画专业英语教学课件

动画专业英语动画专业英语动画专业英语动画专业英语AnimationEnglish动画：animation二维动画：２Ｄanimation卡通：cartoon三维动画：３Ｄanimation漫画：comics日本漫画：mangaD:dimensional[di5menFEnEl]adj.空间的Stopmotion:Clayanimation:动画专业英语

AnimationEnglish动画：animation二维动画：２Ｄanimation卡通：cartoon三维动画：３Ｄanimation漫画：comics日本漫画：manga

D:dimensional[di5menFEnEl]adj.空间的Stopmotion:Clayanimation:ACTION

…………………

动作

ANIMATOR

………………

原画者，动画设计

ASSISTANT

……………

动画者

ANTIC

……………………

预备动作

AIR

BRUSHING

…………

喷效

ANGLE

…………………

角度

ANIMATED

ZOOM

………

画面扩大或缩小

ANIMATION

FILM

………

动画片

ANIMATION

COMPUTER

…………………

电脑控制动画摄影

ATMOSPHERE

SKETCH

…………………

气氛草图

B．P．(BOT

PEGS)

……

下定位

BG(BACKGROUND)

………

背景

BLURS

…………………

模糊

BLK(BLINK)

……………

眨眼

BRK

DN(B．D．)(BREAK-DOWN)

………

中割

BG

LAYOUT

……………

背景设计稿

BACKGROUND

KEYS

……

背景样本

BACKGROUND

HOOKUP

…………………

衔接背景

BACKGROUND

PAN

………

长背景

BACKGROUND

STILL

……

短背景

BAR

SHEETS

……………

音节表

BEAT

……………………

节拍

BLANK

……………………

空白

BLOOM

……………………

闪光

BLOW

UP

…………………

放大CAMERA

NOTES

…………

摄影注意事项

C．U．(CLOSE-UP)

……

特写

CLEAN

UP

………………

清稿，修形，作监

CUT

……………………

镜头结束

CEL=CELLULOID

………

化学板

CYCLE

…………………

循环

CW(CLOCK-WISE)

………

顺时针转动

CCW(COUNTER

CLOCK-WISE)

…………

逆时针转动

CONTINUE(CONT，CON'D)

……………

继续

CAM(CAMERA)

…………

摄影机

CUSH(CUSHION)

………

缓冲

C=CENTER

………………

中心点

CAMERA

SHAKE

…………

镜头振动

CHECKER

………………

检查员

CONSTANT

………………

等速持续

COLOR

KEYS=COLOR

MARK-UPS

………

色指定

COLOR

MODEL

…………

彩色造型

COLOR

FLASH(PAINT

FLASH)

…………

跳色

CAMERA

ANIMATION

……

动画摄影机

CEL

LEVEL

……………

化学板层次

CHARACTER

……………

人物造型

DIALOG

(DIALOGUE)

…………………

对白及口形

DUBLE

EXPOSURE

……

双重曝光

MULTI

RUNS

…………

多重曝光

1st

RUN

………………

第一次曝光

2nd

RUN

………………

地二次曝光

DRY

BRUSHING

………

干刷

DIAG

PAN(DIAGONAL)

…………………

斜移

DWF(DRAWING)

…………

画，动画纸

DOUBLE

IMAGE

…………

双重影像

DAILIES

(RUSHES)

……

样片

DIRECTOR

……………

导演

DISSOLVE(X.

D)

………

溶景，叠化

DISTORTION

……………

变形

DOUBLE

FRAME

…………

双（画）格

DRAWING

DISC

…………

动画圆盘

E.

C.

U

=

EXTREME

CLOSE

UP

………

大特写

EXT(EXTERIOR)

………

外面；室外景

EFT(EFFECT)

…………

特效

EDITING

………………

剪辑

EXIT(MOVES

OUT,

O.

S.

)

…………

出去

ENTER(IN)

……………

入画

EASE-IN

………………

渐快

EASE-OUT

………………

渐慢

EDITOR

…………………

剪辑师

EPISODE

………………

片集

FIELD(FLD)

……………

安全框

FADE(IN/ON)

…………

画面淡入

FADE(OUT/OFF)

………

画面淡出

FIN(FINISH)

…………

完成

FOLOS(FOLLOWS)

………

跟随，跟着

FAST;

QUICKLY

………

快速

FIELD

GUIDE

…………

安全框指示

FINIAL

CHECK

…………

总检

FOOTAGE

………………

尺数（英尺）

F.

G.

(FOREGROUND)

…………………

前景

FOCAL

LENGTH

………

焦距

FRAME

…………………

格数

FREEZE

FRAME

…………

停格

GAIN

IN

………………

移入

HEAD

UP

………………

抬头

HOOK

UP

………………

接景；衔接

HOLD

……………………

画面停格

HALO

……………………

光圈

INT(INTERIOR)

………

里面；室内景

INB(IN

BETWEEN)

……

动画

IN-BETWEENER

………

动画员

I&P(INK

&

PAINT)

……

描线和着色

INKING

…………………

描线

IN

SYNC

………………

同步

INTERMITTENT

…………

间歇

IRIS

OUT

[airiuos]………………

画面旋逝

JIGGLE

…………………

摇动

JUMP

……………………

跳

JITTER

…………………

跳动

LIP

SYNC

………

口形

LEVEL

…………………

层

LOOK

……………………

看

LISTEN

…………………

听

LAYOUT

…………………

设计稿；构图

LAUGHS(LAFFS)

………

笑

L/S(LIGHT

SOURCE)

…………………

光源

LINE

TEST(PENCIL

TEST)

……………

铅笔稿试拍；线拍

M.

S.

(MEDIUM

SHOT)

………………

中景

M.

C.

U.

(MEDIIUM

CLOSE

UP)

……

近景

MOVES

OUT(EXIT;

O.

S.

)

…………

出去

MOVES

IN

………………

进入

MATCH

LINE

……………

组合线

MULTI

RUNS

……………

多重拍摄

MOUTH

…………………

嘴

MOUTH

CHARTS

…………

口形图

MAG

TRACK(MAGNETIC

SOUND

TRACK)

磁性的………………

音轨

MULTICEL

LEVELS

……

多层次化学板

MULTIPLANE

……………

多层设计

N／S

PEGS

……………

南北定位器

N．G．(NO

GOOD)

……

不好的，作废

NARRATION

……………

旁白叙述

[nareixin]OL(OVERLAY)

…………

前层景

OUT

OF

SCENE

…………

到画外面

O．S．(OFF

STAGE

OFF

SCENE)

……

出景

OFF

MODEL

……………

走型

OL／UL(UNDERLAY)

……

前层与中层间的景

OVERLAP

ACTION

……

重叠动作

ONES

……………………

一格；单格

POSE

……………………

姿势

POS(POSITION)

………

位置；定点

PAN

……………………

移动

POPS

IN／ON

…………

突然出现

PAUSE

…………………

停顿；暂停

PERSPECTIVE

…………

透视

PEG

BAR

………………

定位尺

P．T．(PAINTING)

……

着色

PAINT

FLASHES(COLOR

FLASHES)

……

跳色

PAPERCUT

………………

剪纸片

PENCIL

TEST

…………

铅笔稿试拍

PERSISTENCE

OF

VISION

……………

视觉暂留

POST-SYNCHRONIZED

SOUND

…………

后期同步录音

PUPPET

…………………

木偶片

RIPPLE

GLASS

…………

水纹玻璃

RE-PEG

…………………

重新定位

RUFF(ROUGH-DRAWING)

………………

草稿

RUN

……………………

跑

REG(REGISTER)[‘redgister]

…………

组合

RPT(REPEAT)

…………

重复

RETAKES

………………

重拍；修改

REGISTRATION

PEGS

…………………

定位器[redVis’treiFEn]

REGISTRATION

HOLES

…………………

定位洞

SILHOUETTE(SILO)

……

剪影[silu(:)‘eit]

SPEED

LINE

……………

流线

STORM

OUT

……………

速转出

SPARKLE

………………

火花；闪光

SHADOW

…………………

阴影

SMILE

…………………

微笑

SMOKE

…………………

烟

STOP

……………………

停止

SLOW

……………………

慢慢的

SC(SCENE)

……………

镜号

S／A(SAME

AS)

………

兼用

S．S(SCREEN

SHAKE)

…………………

画面振动

SIZE

COMPARISON

……

大小比例

STORYBOARD(SAB)

……

分镜头台本

SFX(SOUND

EFFECT)

…………………

声效；音效

SETTLE

…………………

定姿；定置

SELF-LINE(SELF-TRACE

LINE)

………

色线

SOUND

CHART(BAR

SHEEETS)

…………

音节表

SPECIAL

EFFECT

……

特效

SPIN

……………………

旋转

T．A．(TOP

AUX)

……

上辅助定位

T．P．(TOP

PEGS)

……

上定位

TRACK

…………………

声带

TURNS

…………………

转向

TAKE

……………………

拍摄(一般指拍摄顺序)

TRUCK

IN

………………

镜头推人

TRUCK

OUT

……………

镜头拉出

TR(TRACE)

……………

同描

TAPERS

…………………

渐

TAPER-UP

………………

渐快

TAPER-DOWN

……………

渐慢

TIGHT

FIELD

…………

小安全框

TAP(BEAT)

……………

节拍

TITTLE

…………………

片名；字幕

UL(UNDERLAY)

…………

中景；后景

UP

………

上面

USE

……………………

用

VERT

UP

………………

垂直上移

V.O.

(VOICE

OVER)

…………………

旁白；画外音

VALUE

…………………

明暗度

WIPE

……………………

转（换）景方式

WORK

PRINT

……………

工作样片

X(X-DISS)

(X.

D.

)

…………………

两景交融

XEROX

DOWN

……………

缩小

XEROX

UP(XEROX

PASTE-UPS)

………

放大

X-SHEET

………………

摄影表

ZOOM

OUT

………………

拉出

ZOON

CHART

……………

镜头推拉轨迹

ZOOM

IN

………………

推进

ZOOM

LENS

……………

变焦距镜头

Transformers变形金刚TransformersisanewHollywoodblockbusterwhichhasnotonlytakenAmericabystorm,ithasalsobeenanumberonefilminChinaaswell.Thefilmhasearnedover100millionRMBandithasoutdonealltheotherAmericanfilmsattheboxofficeinChinathisyear.Itisexpectedtoevendoublethatfigureinthefuture.Forthoseofyouwhomightnotknow,transformerswerefamoustoysbackinthe1980s.Theyarerobotsthattransformintothingslikevehiclesoranimals.Topromotethesaleofthetoysbackthen,atelevisioncartoonserieswascreated,whichwasequallypopularAfilmofthecartoonwasreleasedin1986calledTheTransformers:TheMovie.Thatfilmwasset20yearsinthefuture–intheyear2005!Thisnewfilmisaremakeofthe1980sanimatedmovie.It'sanactionthrillerwithlotsofspecialeffects.It'sthestoryofaboySamwhobuysacar,onlytofindoutitisactuallyatransformerknownasanAutobot.TheAutobotsaren'ttheonlyTransformersthough.AutobotsarebattlingagainstDecepticons,bothofwhicharemadeupwordsinEnglishforthesecharacters.Thebiggestfansofthenewfilmarenotthekidsitisaimedat–it'sactuallytheadultswhowerefansofthetoysandcartoonsbackinthe1980s.Salesofthetoysaresettoincreaseasaresultofthesuccessofthefilm.MichaelBayisthedirectorofthefilm.HeisknownforhispreviousblockbustersArmageddonandPearlHarbour.InviewofthepopularityofthefilminChina,MichaelhaslaunchedaChineselanguagewebsitesohecancommunicatewithhisChinesefans.Thefilmwasreleasedon11thJulyinChinabutBritishTransformerfanshavehadtowaitalittlebitlongertoseeit.TransformersonlycameoutincinemasintheUKthisweekbutitispredictedtoexcitetheaudiencesjustasmuchoverhere.Glossary词汇表blockbuster–热门电影takenAmericabystorm–风靡美国earned–收入，盈利outdone–超过了attheboxoffice–在票房收入中transform–转变，变形vehicles–车辆topromote–宣传cartoon–卡通equally–同样的set–设立在(20年后的将来)aremake–重拍animated–动画的actionthriller–动作片specialeffects–电影特技madeup–虚构setto–应该会（增加）director–导演launched–推出，启动predicted–预言1.ReadingQuiz阅读测验Arethesesentencestrueorfalse?Circlethecorrectanswer.以下句子哪句是真?哪句是假？请圈出正确答案。1.ThenewTransformersfilmisreallypopularinAmericaandChina.True/False2.TheTVcartoonserieswasn’taspopularasthetoys.True/False3.The1980sanimatedfilmwassetintheyear2050.True/False4.YouwillnotfindthewordsAutobotorDecepticoninanEnglishdictionary.True/False5.TheTransformersfilmcameoutonthesamedayintheUKandinChina.True/False2.Vocabulary词汇Transformiswordwhichsimplymeanschange.Canyoumatchupthewordsyoumightrecogniseontheleftwiththemorecomplicatedwordsontherightthatbasicallyhavethesamemeaning?Transform和change都是指改变的意思。试试你能不能为以下的形容词1-6从a至e中选出相应的含义。1.changea.utter2.sayb.observe3.stopc.occur4.watchd.consider5.happene.transform6.thinkf.haltNowcompletethesentencesbelowchoosingthecorrectwordfromtheright-handcolumnabove.请选用上面(a-f)词表中挑选适当的形容词来完成以下语句。1.Iwentto__________thestudentbaseballteamtoseehowgoodtheywere.2.Theyhadto__________thetennismatchbecauseitstartedtorain.3.Mygrandadisn’tverytalkative.Hesitsandreadsalotandhewillonly__________afewwordswhenyouseehim.4.Someonestolemymobilephonelastweek.Ihopethatdoesn’t__________againsoon!5.Ineedto__________whetherIcanaffordtomovetothecityornot.6.Robots__________intocarsinthenewTransformersfilm.3.Anagrams组词填空Canyoutransformtheseanagramstomakeoneofthewordsintheright-handcolumn?试试重新排列组合次序混乱的词语(1-6),看能不能组成右面的词(a-f)。1.armsrsentfora.animated2.rotsobb.director3.bucketsroblc.transformers4.meanitdad.blockbuster5.cliftsspacefeee.specialeffects6.orderitcf.robotsNowcompletethesummarybelowusingthewordsintheright-handcolumnabove.从把上面词表中挑选正确的词语填空造句。_________isanewHollywood__________.Itisaremakeofthe__________moviefromthe1980s.Transformersare__________thatcanchangethemselvesintosomethingelselikeacarorananimal.Thefilmisanactionthrillerthathaslotsof__________.The__________isMichaelBaywhoisfamousforhisworkonotherHollywoodblockbusterslikeArmageddonandPearlHarbour.4.Wordsearch单词搜索

TrytofindthewordsassociatedwithTransformersinthepuzzle

below.

Therearetenwordstofind.Wordscanbewrittenhorizontally(g),vertically(i)ordiagonally(m)请在下面的字谜游戏中，找出与变形金刚有关的英语单词来。共有10个单词，其组成方式可能以水平的(g)垂直的(i)或对角的(m)形式出现。transformersfilmmovieremaketoysfanscinemavehiclescartoonboxofficeAnswers答1.ReadingQuiz阅读测验2.Vocabulary词汇Arethesesentencestrueorfalse?CircletheTransformiswordwhichsimplymeanschange.correctanswer.Canyoumatchupthewordsyoumightrecognise以下句子哪句是真?哪句是假？请圈出正确答案。ontheleftwiththemorecomplicatedwordsontherightthatbasicallyhavethesamemeaning?1.ThenewTransformersfilmisreallypopularinAmericaandChina.TrueTransform和change都是指改变的意思。试试你能不能为以下的形容词1-6从a至e中选出相应的含义。2.TheTVcartoonserieswasn’taspopularasthetoys.False1.e2.a3.f4.b5.c6.D3.The1980sanimatedfilmwassetintheyear2050.NowcompletethesentencesbelowchoosingtheFalsecorrectwordfromtheright-handcolumnabove.请选用上面(a-f)词表中挑选适当的形容词来完成以下语句。4.YouwillnotfindthewordsAutobotorDecepticoninanEnglishdictionary.True1.Iwenttoobservethestudentbaseballteamtoseehowgoodtheywere.5.TheTransformersfilmcameoutonthesamedayintheUKandinChina.False2.Theyhadtohaltthetennismatchbecauseitstartedtorain.3.Mygrandadisn’tverytalkative.Hesitsandreadsalotandhewillonlyutterafewwordswhenyouseehim.4.Someonestolemymobilephonelastweek.Ihopethatdoesn’toccuragainsoon!5.IneedtoconsiderwhetherIcanaffordtomovetothecityornot.6.RobotstransformintocarsinthenewTransformersfilm.3.Anagrams组词填空4.Wordsearch单词搜索Canyoutransformtheseanagramstomakeonertofthewordsintheright-handcolumn?vehiclesr试试重新排列组合次序混乱的词语(1-6),看能不能组成右面mbaa的词(a-f)。aorn1.c2.f3.d4.a5.e6.bkxtsNowcompletethesummarybelowusingtheeoomfwordsintheright-handcolumnabove.fansoo从上面的词表中挑选正确词语填空造句。fvnrtifilmTransformersisanewHollywoodblockbuster.Itisaocinemaeeremakeoftheanimatedmoviefromthe1980s.Transformersblockbuster

热门电影

earned

收入，盈利

attheboxoffice

在票房收入中

vehicles

车辆

cartoon

卡通

set

设立在(20年后的将来)

animated

动画的

specialeffects

电影特技

setto

应该会（增加）

launched

推出，启动

takenAmericabystorm风靡美国

outdone

超过了

transform

转变，变形

topromote

宣传

equally

同样的

aremake

重拍

actionthriller

动作片

madeup

虚构

director

导演

predicted

预言

SnoopyComicStrips

Thisisretrieving?Mid-AutumnFestival中秋节

On25thSeptemberthisyear,peoplealloverChinawillbegettingtogethertoeatwiththeirfamilies,lookatthemoonandcelebrateoneofthebiggestfestivalsintheChineselunarcalendar.However,thecelebrationsstretchfarbeyondthebordersofChina.HereintheUKeventsaretakingplaceforChinesepeoplelivinghere,andtoteachthepeopleofBritainmoreaboutthispopularfestival.TheSohoTheatreinLondonconductedastudywhichshowedthatChineseLondonersdon'tengagemuchwiththeartsworld.Asaresult,'MoonwalkingInChina'hasbeencreatedtocelebratetheMid-AutumnFestival.Howmanymooncakeswillyoueatthisyear?Thisisnonormaltheatreproductionthough,asitdoesn'ttakeplaceinthetheatre.TheatreprofessionalsandvolunteersfromthelocalcommunitywilltakeaudiencesaroundthestreetsofSohoonamagicallantern-litwalkthroughthelandmarksandbackstreetsofChinatown.TheytellthestoryofthreegenerationsofChineseLondonerswhoallcrosspathsonenightinChinatown.Rabbits,karaokeandawomanwholivesonthemoonallfeatureprominently.It'stheSohoTheatre'sfirstsite-specificproductionandlookstobeauniquewayofmarkingthefamousChinesefestival.Andthecelebrationsdon'tstopthere!InearlyOctobertheBritishMuseumisactuallyopeninglateforaspecialfreeMid-AutumnFestivalevent.TherewillbeChinesemusicalperformances,aguess-the-mooncake-flavourgameandyoucanlearnhowtoperformafandance.YoucanalsotryyourhandatavarietyofothertraditionalChineseartsandcrafts,aswellaslearningMandarinandlearningmoreaboutthehistoryofChina.TheChinesepopulationintheUKisquitelarge,sonodoubttherewillbeeventshappeningnotonlyinthecapital,butallaroundthecountry.Howeveryouarecelebrating,wehopeyouhavefun.Happymid-AutumnfestivalfromeveryoneatBBCLearningEnglish!theChineselunarcalendar

中国农历

borders

边界

engage

参与

theatreproduction

剧作

volunteers

志愿者

landmarks

地标性建筑

generations

世世代代

featureprominently

显著的

unique

独一无二的

tryyourhandat

试试手

stretchfarbeyond

远远超越

conductedastudy

进行一项研究

theartsworld

艺术世界

theatreprofessionals

戏剧界专业人

lantern-lit

点燃灯笼的

backstreets

后街

crosspaths

交叉

site-specific

实地的

afandance

扇舞

artsandcrafts

工艺

Applyingthe12Principlesto3DAnimation

Thetwelveprinciplesofanimationwerecreatedintheearly1930sbyanimatorsattheWaltDisneyStudios.Theseprincipleswereusedtoguideproductionandcreativediscussionsaswelltotrainyounganimatorsbetterandfaster.Thesetwelveprinciplesbecameoneofthefoundationsofhand-drawncartooncharacteranimation.Thetwelveprinciples,astheyarecommonlyreferredto,alsohelpedtotransformanimationfromanoveltyintoanartform.Byapplyingtheseprinciplestotheirworkthesepioneeringanimatorsproducedmanyoftheearliestanimatedfeaturefilmsthatbecameclassics:SnowWhite(1937),PinocchioandFantasia(1940),Dumbo(1941),andBambi(1942).Thetwelveprinciplesaremostlyaboutfivethings:actingtheperformance,directingtheperformance,representingreality(throughdrawing,modeling,andrendering),interpretingrealworldphysics,andeditingasequenceofactions.Theoriginalprinciplesarestillrelevanttodaybecausetheyhelpustocreatemorebelievablecharactersandsituations.Theycanbeappliedtoalmostanytypeofanimation,eventhoughtheyworkbestforcomedy.But,someoftheseprinciplesrequireupdates,andafewnewadditionalprinciplesarealsoneededtoaddressthenewtechniquesandstylesofthree-dimensionalcomputeranimation.Animationtechniquesandstyles,andthescopeofproductions,havechangedtremendouslysincethe1930s.Thedominant,almostexclusive,styleofanimationthenwashand-drawnpose-to-posecartoonnarrativeanimation.Todaywehavemorestylesincludingnon-linearinteractivevideogamesandnon-narrativemusicvideos.Inthe1930ssomeanimationtechniquesandcapabilitieswereunderdeveloped,cameramovesandlightingforexample,ormisunderstood:rotoscopingorstop-motion.Considertoothenewtoolsthathavetransformedourcraft:hand-heldcameras,television,non-linearediting,compositing,motioncapture,computergraphicsandproceduraltools.Otherartformshavegreatlyevolvedsincethe1930s,creatingnewlanguagesandnewprinciples.Itistimetodothesamewithanimation,itistimetoreinterpretandexpandtheoriginalprinciples.Wealsoneedtocreatenewadditionalprinciplesthataddresstoday’snewanimationstylesandtechniques.Thisisourcollectivechallenge.

Scope范围tremendously巨大的dominant占统治地位的,主流的exclusive唯一的Narrative叙事性的underdeveloped不发达的procedural程序上的Reinterpret重新解释expand展开,扩张collective集合性的,共同的Squashandstretch,thefirstprinciplefromtheoriginaltwelve,isusedtoexaggeratetheamountofnon-rigidbodydeformationsusuallywiththepurposeofachievingamorecomediceffect.Three-dimensionalsquashandstretchcanbeimplementedwithavarietyoftechniques:skinandmuscle,springs,directmeshmanipulationandmorphing.Itcanalsobeimplementedinmoreexperimentalwayswithweighting,especiallyfordynamicssimulations,andunusualIKsystems.挤压与伸展rigid钢性的implemented实现Springs弹性跳跃直接网格操作morph变形Implemented贯彻执行dynamicssimulations动力学模拟Thetechniqueofanticipationhelpstoguidetheaudience’seyestowheretheactionisabouttooccur.Anticipation,includingmotionholds,isgreatfor“announcingthesurprise.”Inthree-dimensionalcomputeranimationitcanbefine-tunedusingdigitaltime-editingtoolssuchastimesheets,timelines,andcurves.Moreanticipationequalslesssuspense.Horrorfilms,forexample,switchbackandforthfromlotsofanticipationtototalsurprise.suspense[sEs5pens]n.焦虑,悬念,悬而不决fine-tuned精调谐,微调backandforthadv.来来往往地,来回地Switchvt.转换,转变布局Staging,ormise-en-scèneasitisalsoknown,isabouttranslatingthemoodandintentionofasceneintospecificcharacterpositionsandactions.Stagingthekeycharacterposesinthescenehelpstodefinethenatureoftheaction.Three-dimensionalanimaticsareagreattoolforprevisualizingandblockingoutthestagingbeforetheprimary,secondaryandfacialanimation.Therearemanystagingtechniquestotellthestoryvisually:hidingorrevealingthecenterofinterest,andachainreactionofactions-reactionsareacoupleofthem.Stagingcanalsobeaidedwithcontemporarycinematictechniquessuchasslowmotion,frozentime,motionloops,andhand-heldcameramoves.intention[in5tenFEn]n.意图,目的blockout封闭,拟大纲,设计aided[5eidid]半自动的contemporary[kEn5tempErEri]n.同时代的人adj.当代的,同时代的Straight-aheadactionandpose-to-posearetwodifferentanimationtechniquesthatyieldfairlydifferentresults.Intheearlydaysofhand-drawnanimationpose-to-poseactionbecamethestandardanimationtechniquebecauseitbreaksdownstructuredmotionintoaseriesofclearlydefinedkeyposes.Instraight-aheadactionthecharactermovesspontaneouslythroughtheactiononestepatatimeuntiltheactionisfinished.Motioncaptureanddynamicssimulations,eventhree-dimensionalrotoscoping,areclearlythestraight-aheadtechniquesofthree-dimensionalcomputeranimation.Theycanallbeblendedintelligentlyusingchannels.yield[ji:ld]出产,生长,生产(～to)屈服,屈从产量,收益structure[5strQktFE]n.结构,构造,建筑物vt.建筑,构成,组织Defined规定的spontaneous[spCn5teinjEs,-niEs]adj.自然地,本能地rotoscoping《AScannerDarkly》

《AScannerDarkly》所用到的技术名叫rotoscoping，这种技术可以说是传统动画技术的一个分支，而对真人拍摄片断的跟踪是其主要内容。电影中所使用的软件运用了插值算法。为了使电影呈现出独特的、超现实主义的视觉效果，每一帧都要被改变成油画的风格。

利用插值软件，我们可以使得Rotoscoping在处理速度方面比其他形式的动画风格更加的快速，但是在里面加入我们想要的细节部分则是非常头疼的一件事。为了保证电影能够按照预定的计划完成，每位动画师每周要完成大约100帧的工作任务，这100帧相当于影片中的4秒。完成整部电影耗费了50名动画师近一年半的时间。其他形式的动画都包括了手绘动作的步骤，这样可以更好的理解物体运动的过程。但是在rotoscoping中，动作是事先拍摄好的，也就是说动作捕捉的过程已经完成。在这里需要一种额外的技能，这就将实际拍摄的照片艺术性的表现出来。为了完成这项重要的工作，我们需要雇佣比传统动画更多的插画师。

Follow-throughandoverlappingactionaretwotechniquesthathelpmaketheactionricherandfullerwithdetailandsubtlety.Follow-throughactionconsistsofthereactionsofthecharacterafteranaction,anditusuallyletsaudiencesknowhowheorshefeelsaboutwhathasjusthappenedorisabouttohappen.Inoverlappingactionmultiplemotionsinfluence,blend,andoverlapthepositionofthecharacter.Inthree-dimensionalcomputeranimationalotofthecommonfollow-throughmotionsofclothingandhair,forexample,canbeanimatedwithdynamicssimulations.Thelayersandchannelsinthree-dimensionalcomputeranimationsoftwareallowustomixandblenddifferentoverlap