语法-基本句型课件

句子1名词----noun动词----verb形容词----adjective副词----adverb介词----preposition代词----pronoun短语----phrase2从句----clause语气----tone时态----tense现在分词----presentparticiple过去分词----pastparticiple及物动词transitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb3句子句子成分;sentencecomponent基本句型;sentencepattern句子分类;sentencetypes句子结构;sentencestructure4一句子成分1.主语；subject2.谓语；verb3.宾语；object4.表语；predicative5.定语；attribute5一句子成分6.状语；adverbial7.同位语；appositive8.补足语；complement9.独立成分；independentcomponent6二基本句型1.S+V2.S+V+O3.S+V+P4.S+V+Oi+Od5.S+V+O+C6.Therebe结构7三句子分类1.陈述句---declarative sentence2.祈使句---imperative sentence3.疑问句---interrogative sentence4.感叹句---exclamatory sentence8四句子结构1.简单句---simplesentence2.并列句---compound sentence3.复合句---complexsentence4.并列复合句---compound complexsentence9

句子成分10

主语LiHuaplaysfootball.---名词Nobodycanhelpyou.---代词Honestyisthebestpolicy.---抽象名词Fourandfivemakesnine.---数词Theoldneedourhelp.---形容词11

主语Tobecomeanurseismywish.---不定式Runningisgoodforyourhealth.---doingBetween6and7inthemoringisagoodtimeforreading.---介词短语Thatheforgottotellmethetimecausedlotsoftrouble.---从句12谓语表示主语的行为，动作或所处状态。动词有人称、数的变化。JackhatesRose.Theplanetookoffat8.Iwouldliketoinvitemyfriendshere.13宾语Hebuys

twobooks.Weshouldhelp

thepoor.Iadvise

waiting

untiltomorrow.Youunderstand

whatImean.直接宾语、间接宾语.Showmeyourbook,please.Myboyfriendbuysme

acamera.直宾：yourbook间宾：me14表语系+表结构组成复合谓语，说明主语的特征、类型、状态、身份等。Youare

ateacher.Pollutionbecomes

aproblem.I'm

worriedabout

yourstudy.Wastingtimeis

killingyourself.Mywishis

tobecomeasinger.15定语描述名词或代词的修饰语。Openyourmouth.Shecutthecakeintotwopiece.Thisisastonetable.Heisahandsomeboy.Theabovephotowastaken50yearsago.16---Ihavesomthingimportanttotellyou.---Thebuildingsaroundwereold.---Thebooksonthetopwereboughttoday.17状语修饰动词/形容词/副词/其他状语/主句等。表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果等。LilyspeaksEnglishveryfast.Weworktolive.Arrivingthere,callme.ThemeetingisgoingtobeheldinRoom321tomorrowmorning.18同位语对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明。与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分。Wehavetwoforeignteachers,aJapaneseandanAmerican.Theyeachcangetachancetogoabroad.Youthreearereadytoleave.ThenewsthatheisgoingtoBeijingistrue.19补足语有些动词除了需要一个宾语外，还需要宾语补足语才能使句子意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系。Wefindhimfunny.Wefindhimgoingaroundthehouse.20独立成分Aha!Youarehere.Hi,everyone!Iwanttointroducemyselftoyou.Nobodyknowsit,Isay,nobody.21

二基本句型1.S+V2.S+V+O3.S+V+P4.S+V+Oi+Od5.S+V+O+C6.Therebe结构221.S+V主语+谓语Iwork.Goddoesnotexist.Sheran.Theyleave.232.S+V+O主语+谓语(动词)+宾语Iloveyou.Mikeplaysfootball.Myfatherhasashop.243.S+V+P主语+系动词+表语Sheisbeautiful.Ifeelsick.TheleavesbecomeyellowinAutumn.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.一"be":isamare四"变":getbecometurngo五"感官":feeltastesmellsoundlook254.S+V+Oi+Od主语+谓语(动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语Ourshopoffersyoufruits.Iwillfindyouanemptyroom.Bringmesomedrinkbeforeyouleave.265.S+V+O+C主语+谓语(动词)+宾语+宾语补足语Theypaintedthedoorred.Wemadeourclassafamily.MaryasksJacktobuyabook.IsawTomswimminginthelake.WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmyselfinastrangeplace.276.Therebe结构Thereisapen,twopencilsonthedesk.TherewillbeabigshowthisSunday.28

三句子分类1.陈述句2.祈使句3.疑问句4.感叹句291.陈述句叙述一件事；表明说话人的看法，态度；句末用句号。Iknowyouwillcome.Shecannotplaythepiano.JacksavesRose.302.祈使句表示请求或命令；句末用句号/感叹号。Pleaseclosethewindow.Don'tdothatagain!Let'sgotoseeamovie.Nosmoking.Noparking.313.疑问句提出问题；句末用问号。Whatareyoudoing?Areyoucrazy?Whoareyou?324.感叹句喜、怒、哀、乐等感情；How、what开头；句末用感叹号。Whatagoodday!Whataninterestinggame!Howboringtheteacheris!33

四句子结构1.简单句2.并列句3.复合句4.并列复合句341.简单句只有一个主语(并列主语)和一个谓语(并列谓语)。KatelearnEnglish.Nancyandhersisterstudyinthesameclass.352.并列句并列连词连接的；被连接的两个或多个句子是对等并列关系。and/notonly...butalso/or/but/either...or/still/so/therefore等.362.并列句SomestudentslikeChineseandotherslikeEnglish.Youcanstayhere,oryoucanleave.Nancytriedherbesttostudy,butshefailed.373.复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成；主句是复合句的主干部分；从句是修饰主句。383.复合句Whatyoudidmadeyourmotherangry.Youalwaysgivehimwhathewants.Thisisbecauseyouaretoolazy.Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople'shealth.394.并列复合句由and或其他并列连词将一个或多个